This document reviews 17 articles on strengthening reinforced concrete beams with ferrocement laminates containing Recron-3S fibers. The articles studied parameters like the type and number of wire meshes in the laminates, mortar mix ratios, and fiber usage. Several studies found that adding 2-3 layers of wire mesh laminates containing 2.35% mesh reinforcement and 30% steel slag increased the load capacity and ductility of strengthened beams compared to control beams. Other studies concluded that bottom layers of ferrocement provided better strengthening than side layers alone. Overall, the document evaluates research on using ferrocement laminates containing fibers to flexurally strengthen reinforced concrete beams.
Fatigue behaviour of reinforced concrete beams with corrodedkmpmanoj
The document summarizes a study on the fatigue behavior of reinforced concrete beams with corroded steel reinforcement. Several beams were constructed with varying levels of corrosion induced in the steel reinforcement. The beams were subjected to high-cycle fatigue loading. The corrosion reduced the fatigue life of the beams and decreased the flexural stiffness. Testing of the corroded steel bars after fatigue loading found that corrosion and fatigue reduced the yield strength of the steel but did not significantly change the tensile strength. The critical region for failure was found to be at the location of most severe corrosion pits in the steel.
This document provides a review of using steel fiber as a reinforcement material in concrete. It discusses how steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) has improved properties over plain concrete such as higher tensile strength, flexural strength, impact resistance, and ductility. The document reviews several studies that have shown increases in compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of concrete when adding steel fibers at volumes of 0.5-1.5%. A relationship was derived to predict the split tensile strength of SFRC based on its compressive strength and fiber reinforcement index. SFRC has applications in floors, housing, precast construction, and other areas due to its strength and toughness.
“Strengthening Of PCC Beams by Using Different Types of Wire Mesh Jacketing”IJMER
This paper presents the effect of the use of different types of wire mesh jacketing to the PCC
beams. The experimental work is mainly concerned with the study of flexural strength of concrete by
different types of wire mesh jacketing. This study brings out the importance of use of strengthening of
existing structure technology by using locally available wire mesh. In this paper, the beams of plain
cement concrete are bonded with locally available wire mesh to strengthen of structural member for
increase its strength. The method mention in this paper is most suited for strengthening and retrofitting
due to their easy availability, economy and their property of being cast to any shape without needing
significant formwork.
This study investigated the compressive strength of reinforced concrete columns wrapped with different hybrid fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) configurations. Four 150x380mm concrete columns were tested: one unconfined control column and three wrapped with different combinations of glass, basalt, and jute FRP. The column wrapped with two layers each of basalt, glass, and jute FRP (CBGJ) achieved the highest compressive strength, reaching 1000kN and exceeding the unconfined column's strength by 25%. Analysis of the load-displacement and load-strain behaviors showed that the CBGJ wrapping configuration resulted in higher displacement and strain values compared to the other specimens. The results indicate that hybrid FRP wrapping can significantly
Effect of width and layers of GFRP strips on deflection of Reinforced Concret...inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
IRJET-Experimental behavior of Concrete under Compression Load with Steel Fib...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on the experimental behavior of concrete under compression load when partially replacing cement with steel fiber and ferrocement. The research involved casting and testing cylinders and cubes of M25 grade concrete with different mixes - some with steel fiber and ferrocement additions and others without. The results showed that concrete with a 0.5% addition of steel fiber and no ferrocement layers had the highest ultimate strain and a 16% increase in compressive strength compared to plain concrete cubes. The research concluded that steel fiber and ferrocement additions can improve the performance and properties of concrete under compression loads.
EFFECT OF CARBON LAMINATION ON THE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE STRUCTURESIAEME Publication
This work consists of preparation and testing of different structural model like cubes, Beams and Columns. They are tested for Compression test, Flexural test and Split tensile Test. The comparison between Laminated and un-laminated Structural Models was made in order to know how much strength gain after testing of these structural models, so by which the rehabilitation of any structure can be done without demolishing it with less weight to strength ratio.
1. The document discusses fiber reinforced concrete (FRC), specifically steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC). It provides classifications of FRC and details on the composition, properties, and applications of SFRC.
2. SFRC consists of cement, aggregate, and discrete steel fibers. The fibers increase tensile strength and provide post-cracking ductility compared to plain concrete.
3. Key properties improved by steel fibers include compressive, tensile, and flexural strength as well as fatigue resistance and impact resistance. SFRC has applications in structures like pavements, industrial floors, bridge decks, and precast products.
Fatigue behaviour of reinforced concrete beams with corrodedkmpmanoj
The document summarizes a study on the fatigue behavior of reinforced concrete beams with corroded steel reinforcement. Several beams were constructed with varying levels of corrosion induced in the steel reinforcement. The beams were subjected to high-cycle fatigue loading. The corrosion reduced the fatigue life of the beams and decreased the flexural stiffness. Testing of the corroded steel bars after fatigue loading found that corrosion and fatigue reduced the yield strength of the steel but did not significantly change the tensile strength. The critical region for failure was found to be at the location of most severe corrosion pits in the steel.
This document provides a review of using steel fiber as a reinforcement material in concrete. It discusses how steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) has improved properties over plain concrete such as higher tensile strength, flexural strength, impact resistance, and ductility. The document reviews several studies that have shown increases in compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of concrete when adding steel fibers at volumes of 0.5-1.5%. A relationship was derived to predict the split tensile strength of SFRC based on its compressive strength and fiber reinforcement index. SFRC has applications in floors, housing, precast construction, and other areas due to its strength and toughness.
“Strengthening Of PCC Beams by Using Different Types of Wire Mesh Jacketing”IJMER
This paper presents the effect of the use of different types of wire mesh jacketing to the PCC
beams. The experimental work is mainly concerned with the study of flexural strength of concrete by
different types of wire mesh jacketing. This study brings out the importance of use of strengthening of
existing structure technology by using locally available wire mesh. In this paper, the beams of plain
cement concrete are bonded with locally available wire mesh to strengthen of structural member for
increase its strength. The method mention in this paper is most suited for strengthening and retrofitting
due to their easy availability, economy and their property of being cast to any shape without needing
significant formwork.
This study investigated the compressive strength of reinforced concrete columns wrapped with different hybrid fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) configurations. Four 150x380mm concrete columns were tested: one unconfined control column and three wrapped with different combinations of glass, basalt, and jute FRP. The column wrapped with two layers each of basalt, glass, and jute FRP (CBGJ) achieved the highest compressive strength, reaching 1000kN and exceeding the unconfined column's strength by 25%. Analysis of the load-displacement and load-strain behaviors showed that the CBGJ wrapping configuration resulted in higher displacement and strain values compared to the other specimens. The results indicate that hybrid FRP wrapping can significantly
Effect of width and layers of GFRP strips on deflection of Reinforced Concret...inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
IRJET-Experimental behavior of Concrete under Compression Load with Steel Fib...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on the experimental behavior of concrete under compression load when partially replacing cement with steel fiber and ferrocement. The research involved casting and testing cylinders and cubes of M25 grade concrete with different mixes - some with steel fiber and ferrocement additions and others without. The results showed that concrete with a 0.5% addition of steel fiber and no ferrocement layers had the highest ultimate strain and a 16% increase in compressive strength compared to plain concrete cubes. The research concluded that steel fiber and ferrocement additions can improve the performance and properties of concrete under compression loads.
EFFECT OF CARBON LAMINATION ON THE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE STRUCTURESIAEME Publication
This work consists of preparation and testing of different structural model like cubes, Beams and Columns. They are tested for Compression test, Flexural test and Split tensile Test. The comparison between Laminated and un-laminated Structural Models was made in order to know how much strength gain after testing of these structural models, so by which the rehabilitation of any structure can be done without demolishing it with less weight to strength ratio.
1. The document discusses fiber reinforced concrete (FRC), specifically steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC). It provides classifications of FRC and details on the composition, properties, and applications of SFRC.
2. SFRC consists of cement, aggregate, and discrete steel fibers. The fibers increase tensile strength and provide post-cracking ductility compared to plain concrete.
3. Key properties improved by steel fibers include compressive, tensile, and flexural strength as well as fatigue resistance and impact resistance. SFRC has applications in structures like pavements, industrial floors, bridge decks, and precast products.
This document summarizes an experimental investigation on using ferrocement to repair reinforced concrete beams. Three sets of RC beams were tested to failure and then repaired with different ferrocement layer configurations. Beams in set 1 were repaired with a 0.5 inch layer on three sides. Set 2 beams had two 1 inch layers on the bottom and one 1 inch layer on two sides. Set 3 beams had a total of 1 inch layer on three sides. The repaired beams were re-tested and their cracking loads, ultimate loads, and deflections were compared to the original beams. Test results showed that beams with two bottom layers of ferrocement overlay performed comparatively better in strengthening the beams. The study demonstrated that ferrocement layers can
Strengthening structures via external bonding of advanced fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composite is becoming very
popular worldwide during the past decade because it provides a more economical and technically superior alternative
to the traditional techniques in many situations as it offers high strength, low weight, corrosion resistance, high fatigue
resistance, easy and rapid installation and minimal change in structural geometry. Although many in-situ RC beams
are continuous in construction, there has been very limited research work in the area of FRP strengthening of continuous
beams.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Scienceresearchinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
Advantages of steel fibre reinforced concrete in industrial floorseSAT Journals
Abstract Ground floor slabs are integral to the efficient operation of an industrial facility. A well designed and constructed floor will increase productivity, reduce maintenance of the building and increase the life of the equipment using the floor. Industrial floor slab has common requirements of high strength, toughness, crack control and durability among others. Most of the industrial floors are constructed using the conventional grade slab where reliance is only on the strength of concrete, and reinforcement is used only for crack control and shrinkage. The use of steel fibres in concrete is advantageous over conventional grade slab wherein the residual load carrying capacity of fibres is used and thus, increases the strength and toughness and gives economy in floor thickness apart from saving in construction time. This paper gives an insight into the advantages of steel fibre reinforced concrete in industrial floors. This work is based on structural design experience of the authors in steel fibre reinforced concrete floor slab for industrial projects and in particular the project recently completed for a food and beverage industry. Keywords: aspect ratio, industrial floors, slabs-on-grade, steel fibres, steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC)
Fiber reinforced concrete application and propertiesFayaz Ahamed A P
The document summarizes the properties and applications of fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC). It states that FRC exhibits slightly higher compressive strength (0-15% increase) and modulus of elasticity (3% increase for each 1% increase in fiber content by volume) compared to plain concrete. The flexural strength, toughness, splitting tensile strength, and impact resistance of FRC are significantly improved compared to plain concrete, increasing by 150-400% with the addition of fibers. Common applications of FRC include runways, aircraft parking, tunnel lining, slope stabilization, dams, hydraulic structures, machine tool frames, and concrete repairs.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
State-of-the-art review of FRP strengthened RC slabsIJSRD
1) The document reviews different techniques for strengthening reinforced concrete slabs using fibre reinforced polymers (FRP), including externally bonded reinforcement and near surface mounted reinforcement.
2) It summarizes the advantages of FRP including corrosion resistance, ease of installation, and simplicity, and discusses how FRP can be used to strengthen beams, columns, and slabs.
3) The literature review found that FRP is effective at increasing load capacity of slabs with openings when used to strengthen, though debonding is a risk, and other techniques like steel plates can provide some strengthening but are limited.
Fibre reinforced concrete (FRC) is concrete containing short discrete fibres that are uniformly distributed. FRC can be made with a variety of fibre materials including steel, polypropylene, glass, carbon and natural fibres. The fibres increase the toughness and tensile strength of concrete to control cracking. Common applications of FRC include industrial floors, shotcrete and precast concrete elements where its improved mechanical properties and durability are beneficial.
LONG TERM EFFECTS- APPLICATIONS OF COMPOSITESArjun K Gopi
The document discusses the long-term durability of composite materials. It notes that composite materials are increasingly being used in demanding applications that subject them to environmental factors over long periods of time. The document examines how physical and chemical aging processes like swelling, plasticization, hydrolysis, and oxidation can degrade the resin and fiber-resin interface, leading to losses in properties like creep and fatigue resistance over time. It also discusses how surface preparation affects the long-term durability of adhesively bonded composite joints.
Reuse of Lathe Waste Steel Scrap in Concrete PavementsIJERA Editor
These project works assess on the study of the workability and mechanical strength properties of the concrete reinforced with industrialized waste fibers or the recycled fibers. In each lathe industries wastes are available in form of steel scraps are yield by the lathe machines in process of finishing of different machines parts and dumping of these wastes in the barren soil contaminating the soil and ground water that builds an unhealthy environment. Now a day’s these steel scraps as a waste products used by innovative construction industry and also in transportation and highway industry. In addition to get sustainable progress and environmental remuneration, lathe scrap as worn-recycle fibers with concrete are likely to be used. When the steel scrap reinforced in concrete it acquire a term; fiber reinforced concrete and steel fibers in concrete defined as steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC).Different experimental studies are done to identify about fresh and hardened concrete properties of steel scrap fiber reinforced concrete (SSFRC) and their mechanical properties are found to be increase due to the addition of steel scrap in concrete i.e. compressive strength, flexural strength, impact strength, fatigue strength and split tensile strength were increased but up to 0.5-2% scrap content . When compared with usual concrete to SSFRC, flexural strength increases by 40% and considerable increases in tensile and compressive strength. These steel scrap also aid to improve the shrinkage reduction, cracking resistance i.e. preventing crack propagation and modulus of elasticity. The workability of fresh SSFRC are carried out by using slump test but it restricted to less scrap contents. This work focuses on the enhancement of structural strength and improvement in fatigue life of concrete pavements by reuse of scrap steel in concrete. These concrete roads with SSFRC promises an appreciably eminent design life, offer superior serviceability and minimize crack growth and corrosion. The pioneer idea of this work is the reuse of waste lathe scrap as recycled steel fibers, which provides more cost-effective and eco-friendly sustainable SFRC PAVEMENTS.
This document summarizes research investigating the dispersion of mechanical properties of fibre reinforced concrete (FRC) through different bending tests. It finds that FRC properties like residual stress and flexural resistance can vary significantly due to factors like fibre dosage, fibre type, testing method, and element geometry. The document advocates for more reliable classification and design methods for FRC that take into account variability and allow for correlations and interpolations between test results.
IRJET- Strengthening of Steel Fiber Reinforced Beams using GFRPIRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study that investigated strengthening steel fiber reinforced concrete beams with glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) sheets. Five beams were cast - one control beam and four beams wrapped with GFRP at different orientations. All beams were tested under two-point loading. The results showed that wrapping GFRP at the sides and bottom of the beam increased its initial cracking load and ultimate load capacity compared to the control beam. Wrapping GFRP at the sides only provided a 10% increase in load capacity over the control beam. In general, GFRP wrapping improved the load carrying capacity of the steel fiber reinforced concrete beams.
This document summarizes an experimental study on the behavior of interior beam-column joints in reinforced concrete frames wrapped with fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP). Sixteen beam-column joint specimens were tested under cyclic loading, with variations in reinforcement detailing per Indian codes IS 456-2000 and IS 13920-1993, and use of FRP wrapping and fiber-reinforced concrete. The results showed that joints designed according to IS 13920-1993 had smaller cracks and higher load capacity than those per IS 456-2000. FRP wrapping and fiber-reinforced concrete improved joint ductility, increasing maximum deflection by up to 25% compared to unwrapped specimens. Specimens with two layers of FRP wrapping and 0.
Strengthening of reinforced concrete beam using steel fiber at different dept...eSAT Journals
Abstract
This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation for enhancing the shear and ultimate strength capacities of reinforced concrete (RC) beams using steel fiber at different depths. Ultimate loads, load-deflection curves, cracking and crushing patterns have been compared with those of the RC beams without steel fiber henceforth noted as controlled beam. A total of four sets of experiments each having three concrete beams, one set control beam and three sets with randomly distributed discrete steel fiber at different depths henceforth noted as fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) beam, were performed to determine the most economical structure in the perspective of ultimate strength and shear capacity. From the test results, it was found that incorporation of steel fiber in RC beams have shown to be effective in enhancing the shear strength capacity. It has also been observed that the strength increases with the use of varying depth of steel fiber. Beam strengthened using this scheme has shown 20% increase in shear strength and ultimate load in comparison to controlled beam.
Key Words: Reinforced Concrete Beams, High Strength Concrete, Steel fibers, strengthening
The document summarizes an experimental study on using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets to rehabilitate and strengthen reinforced concrete beams. Twelve beams were fabricated and strengthened with different CFRP configurations. Beams were loaded to different magnitudes prior to strengthening to study the effect of initial loading. Beams were then retrofitted with one or two CFRP layers and reloaded until failure. Results showed shear strength increased significantly with CFRP sheets. Orienting the sheets at 45 degrees was most effective. The literature review discussed previous research on using CFRP to strengthen beams in flexure and shear. Parameters like CFRP amount and configuration affected failure modes and structural performance.
The document discusses slurry infiltrated fiber concrete (SIFCON). SIFCON has higher strength than ordinary fiber reinforced concrete due to the cement slurry infiltrating the steel fibers. Tests were conducted on SIFCON specimens including compressive strength, split tensile, impact, and flexural strength tests. The results showed that increasing the aspect ratio of the fibers increased the strength, with maximum strength achieved with a ratio of 120. However, SIFCON has some demerits including higher cost and not being suitable for hydraulic structures. In conclusion, SIFCON strength was reduced by 3-7% after alternate wetting and drying, making it unsuitable and uneconomical for those applications.
Experimental study on Torsion behavior of Flange beam with GFRPIJSRD
The Study deals with experimental study using glass fiber polymers in civil science. Repairing represents an important aspect of the construction industry and its importance is increasing due to surrounding conditions or geoenvironmental degradations, increased service loads, reduced ability (to hold or do something) due to (old/allowing to get old/getting older), worsening because of poor construction materials and work quality’s and need for seismic-related have demanded the need for repair and rehabilitation of existing structures. Fiber reinforced polymers has been utilized effectively as a part of numerous applications such as low weight, high quality and capacity to last. Numerous past examination chips away at torsion strengthening were centered on strong rectangular RC Beams with distinctive strip designs and diverse sorts of fiber. Distinctive models were produced to torsion test for strengthening of RC beams and effectively utilized for approval of the test works.In the present work test study was done with a specific end goal to have a superior comprehension the conduct of torsion reinforcing of strong RC flanged T-Beam. A RC T-beam is deliberately examined and intended for torsion like a RC rectangular beam; the impact of cement on flange is disregarded by codes. In the present study impact of width in changing so as to oppose torsion is concentrated on flange width of controlled bars. Alternate specification considered is reinforcing and fiber orientations.
This document summarizes research on strengthening reinforced concrete beams using fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets. It discusses how FRP strengthening has become a popular technique worldwide due to advantages like high strength, light weight, corrosion resistance, and easy installation. The document reviews literature on strengthening both simply supported and continuous beams. It outlines different FRP strengthening methods and discusses factors that influence the behavior and failure of strengthened beams, such as surface preparation, adhesive type, and concrete strength. The document also discusses design considerations and challenges for FRP strengthening, as well as disadvantages like lack of design codes and fire risk.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Study Of High Strength Fibre Reinforced Concrete Beams With Fibre Reinforced ...IRJET Journal
1) The document studies the use of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) laminates to strengthen steel fiber reinforced high strength concrete beams.
2) Previous research has found that FRP sheets can increase the fatigue life and load capacity of reinforced concrete beams.
3) This study aims to examine how FRP laminates impact the flexural capacity, deformation characteristics, and ductility of steel fiber reinforced high strength concrete beams under loading. Tests will be conducted on concrete cubes, cylinders and prisms to determine material properties.
Effect of Wire Mesh Orientation on Strength of Beams Retrofitted using Ferroc...CSCJournals
The document discusses an experimental study on the effect of wire mesh orientation in ferrocement jackets used to retrofit under-reinforced concrete beams. Eight prototype beams were tested, with two control beams and six beams stressed to 75% of the control capacity and then retrofitted. Ferrocement jackets with wire mesh at 0, 45, and 60 degrees were used. Testing found load capacity increased 45.87-52.29% for retrofitted beams. Beams with 45 degree wire mesh showed the highest increase in energy absorption, followed by 60 and 0 degrees. Ductility increased most for 0 degree wire mesh retrofitted beams. The 45 degree orientation provided the best balance of increased load capacity and energy absorption.
This document summarizes an experimental investigation on using ferrocement to repair reinforced concrete beams. Three sets of RC beams were tested to failure and then repaired with different ferrocement layer configurations. Beams in set 1 were repaired with a 0.5 inch layer on three sides. Set 2 beams had two 1 inch layers on the bottom and one 1 inch layer on two sides. Set 3 beams had a total of 1 inch layer on three sides. The repaired beams were re-tested and their cracking loads, ultimate loads, and deflections were compared to the original beams. Test results showed that beams with two bottom layers of ferrocement overlay performed comparatively better in strengthening the beams. The study demonstrated that ferrocement layers can
Strengthening structures via external bonding of advanced fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composite is becoming very
popular worldwide during the past decade because it provides a more economical and technically superior alternative
to the traditional techniques in many situations as it offers high strength, low weight, corrosion resistance, high fatigue
resistance, easy and rapid installation and minimal change in structural geometry. Although many in-situ RC beams
are continuous in construction, there has been very limited research work in the area of FRP strengthening of continuous
beams.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Scienceresearchinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
Advantages of steel fibre reinforced concrete in industrial floorseSAT Journals
Abstract Ground floor slabs are integral to the efficient operation of an industrial facility. A well designed and constructed floor will increase productivity, reduce maintenance of the building and increase the life of the equipment using the floor. Industrial floor slab has common requirements of high strength, toughness, crack control and durability among others. Most of the industrial floors are constructed using the conventional grade slab where reliance is only on the strength of concrete, and reinforcement is used only for crack control and shrinkage. The use of steel fibres in concrete is advantageous over conventional grade slab wherein the residual load carrying capacity of fibres is used and thus, increases the strength and toughness and gives economy in floor thickness apart from saving in construction time. This paper gives an insight into the advantages of steel fibre reinforced concrete in industrial floors. This work is based on structural design experience of the authors in steel fibre reinforced concrete floor slab for industrial projects and in particular the project recently completed for a food and beverage industry. Keywords: aspect ratio, industrial floors, slabs-on-grade, steel fibres, steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC)
Fiber reinforced concrete application and propertiesFayaz Ahamed A P
The document summarizes the properties and applications of fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC). It states that FRC exhibits slightly higher compressive strength (0-15% increase) and modulus of elasticity (3% increase for each 1% increase in fiber content by volume) compared to plain concrete. The flexural strength, toughness, splitting tensile strength, and impact resistance of FRC are significantly improved compared to plain concrete, increasing by 150-400% with the addition of fibers. Common applications of FRC include runways, aircraft parking, tunnel lining, slope stabilization, dams, hydraulic structures, machine tool frames, and concrete repairs.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
State-of-the-art review of FRP strengthened RC slabsIJSRD
1) The document reviews different techniques for strengthening reinforced concrete slabs using fibre reinforced polymers (FRP), including externally bonded reinforcement and near surface mounted reinforcement.
2) It summarizes the advantages of FRP including corrosion resistance, ease of installation, and simplicity, and discusses how FRP can be used to strengthen beams, columns, and slabs.
3) The literature review found that FRP is effective at increasing load capacity of slabs with openings when used to strengthen, though debonding is a risk, and other techniques like steel plates can provide some strengthening but are limited.
Fibre reinforced concrete (FRC) is concrete containing short discrete fibres that are uniformly distributed. FRC can be made with a variety of fibre materials including steel, polypropylene, glass, carbon and natural fibres. The fibres increase the toughness and tensile strength of concrete to control cracking. Common applications of FRC include industrial floors, shotcrete and precast concrete elements where its improved mechanical properties and durability are beneficial.
LONG TERM EFFECTS- APPLICATIONS OF COMPOSITESArjun K Gopi
The document discusses the long-term durability of composite materials. It notes that composite materials are increasingly being used in demanding applications that subject them to environmental factors over long periods of time. The document examines how physical and chemical aging processes like swelling, plasticization, hydrolysis, and oxidation can degrade the resin and fiber-resin interface, leading to losses in properties like creep and fatigue resistance over time. It also discusses how surface preparation affects the long-term durability of adhesively bonded composite joints.
Reuse of Lathe Waste Steel Scrap in Concrete PavementsIJERA Editor
These project works assess on the study of the workability and mechanical strength properties of the concrete reinforced with industrialized waste fibers or the recycled fibers. In each lathe industries wastes are available in form of steel scraps are yield by the lathe machines in process of finishing of different machines parts and dumping of these wastes in the barren soil contaminating the soil and ground water that builds an unhealthy environment. Now a day’s these steel scraps as a waste products used by innovative construction industry and also in transportation and highway industry. In addition to get sustainable progress and environmental remuneration, lathe scrap as worn-recycle fibers with concrete are likely to be used. When the steel scrap reinforced in concrete it acquire a term; fiber reinforced concrete and steel fibers in concrete defined as steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC).Different experimental studies are done to identify about fresh and hardened concrete properties of steel scrap fiber reinforced concrete (SSFRC) and their mechanical properties are found to be increase due to the addition of steel scrap in concrete i.e. compressive strength, flexural strength, impact strength, fatigue strength and split tensile strength were increased but up to 0.5-2% scrap content . When compared with usual concrete to SSFRC, flexural strength increases by 40% and considerable increases in tensile and compressive strength. These steel scrap also aid to improve the shrinkage reduction, cracking resistance i.e. preventing crack propagation and modulus of elasticity. The workability of fresh SSFRC are carried out by using slump test but it restricted to less scrap contents. This work focuses on the enhancement of structural strength and improvement in fatigue life of concrete pavements by reuse of scrap steel in concrete. These concrete roads with SSFRC promises an appreciably eminent design life, offer superior serviceability and minimize crack growth and corrosion. The pioneer idea of this work is the reuse of waste lathe scrap as recycled steel fibers, which provides more cost-effective and eco-friendly sustainable SFRC PAVEMENTS.
This document summarizes research investigating the dispersion of mechanical properties of fibre reinforced concrete (FRC) through different bending tests. It finds that FRC properties like residual stress and flexural resistance can vary significantly due to factors like fibre dosage, fibre type, testing method, and element geometry. The document advocates for more reliable classification and design methods for FRC that take into account variability and allow for correlations and interpolations between test results.
IRJET- Strengthening of Steel Fiber Reinforced Beams using GFRPIRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study that investigated strengthening steel fiber reinforced concrete beams with glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) sheets. Five beams were cast - one control beam and four beams wrapped with GFRP at different orientations. All beams were tested under two-point loading. The results showed that wrapping GFRP at the sides and bottom of the beam increased its initial cracking load and ultimate load capacity compared to the control beam. Wrapping GFRP at the sides only provided a 10% increase in load capacity over the control beam. In general, GFRP wrapping improved the load carrying capacity of the steel fiber reinforced concrete beams.
This document summarizes an experimental study on the behavior of interior beam-column joints in reinforced concrete frames wrapped with fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP). Sixteen beam-column joint specimens were tested under cyclic loading, with variations in reinforcement detailing per Indian codes IS 456-2000 and IS 13920-1993, and use of FRP wrapping and fiber-reinforced concrete. The results showed that joints designed according to IS 13920-1993 had smaller cracks and higher load capacity than those per IS 456-2000. FRP wrapping and fiber-reinforced concrete improved joint ductility, increasing maximum deflection by up to 25% compared to unwrapped specimens. Specimens with two layers of FRP wrapping and 0.
Strengthening of reinforced concrete beam using steel fiber at different dept...eSAT Journals
Abstract
This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation for enhancing the shear and ultimate strength capacities of reinforced concrete (RC) beams using steel fiber at different depths. Ultimate loads, load-deflection curves, cracking and crushing patterns have been compared with those of the RC beams without steel fiber henceforth noted as controlled beam. A total of four sets of experiments each having three concrete beams, one set control beam and three sets with randomly distributed discrete steel fiber at different depths henceforth noted as fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) beam, were performed to determine the most economical structure in the perspective of ultimate strength and shear capacity. From the test results, it was found that incorporation of steel fiber in RC beams have shown to be effective in enhancing the shear strength capacity. It has also been observed that the strength increases with the use of varying depth of steel fiber. Beam strengthened using this scheme has shown 20% increase in shear strength and ultimate load in comparison to controlled beam.
Key Words: Reinforced Concrete Beams, High Strength Concrete, Steel fibers, strengthening
The document summarizes an experimental study on using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets to rehabilitate and strengthen reinforced concrete beams. Twelve beams were fabricated and strengthened with different CFRP configurations. Beams were loaded to different magnitudes prior to strengthening to study the effect of initial loading. Beams were then retrofitted with one or two CFRP layers and reloaded until failure. Results showed shear strength increased significantly with CFRP sheets. Orienting the sheets at 45 degrees was most effective. The literature review discussed previous research on using CFRP to strengthen beams in flexure and shear. Parameters like CFRP amount and configuration affected failure modes and structural performance.
The document discusses slurry infiltrated fiber concrete (SIFCON). SIFCON has higher strength than ordinary fiber reinforced concrete due to the cement slurry infiltrating the steel fibers. Tests were conducted on SIFCON specimens including compressive strength, split tensile, impact, and flexural strength tests. The results showed that increasing the aspect ratio of the fibers increased the strength, with maximum strength achieved with a ratio of 120. However, SIFCON has some demerits including higher cost and not being suitable for hydraulic structures. In conclusion, SIFCON strength was reduced by 3-7% after alternate wetting and drying, making it unsuitable and uneconomical for those applications.
Experimental study on Torsion behavior of Flange beam with GFRPIJSRD
The Study deals with experimental study using glass fiber polymers in civil science. Repairing represents an important aspect of the construction industry and its importance is increasing due to surrounding conditions or geoenvironmental degradations, increased service loads, reduced ability (to hold or do something) due to (old/allowing to get old/getting older), worsening because of poor construction materials and work quality’s and need for seismic-related have demanded the need for repair and rehabilitation of existing structures. Fiber reinforced polymers has been utilized effectively as a part of numerous applications such as low weight, high quality and capacity to last. Numerous past examination chips away at torsion strengthening were centered on strong rectangular RC Beams with distinctive strip designs and diverse sorts of fiber. Distinctive models were produced to torsion test for strengthening of RC beams and effectively utilized for approval of the test works.In the present work test study was done with a specific end goal to have a superior comprehension the conduct of torsion reinforcing of strong RC flanged T-Beam. A RC T-beam is deliberately examined and intended for torsion like a RC rectangular beam; the impact of cement on flange is disregarded by codes. In the present study impact of width in changing so as to oppose torsion is concentrated on flange width of controlled bars. Alternate specification considered is reinforcing and fiber orientations.
This document summarizes research on strengthening reinforced concrete beams using fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets. It discusses how FRP strengthening has become a popular technique worldwide due to advantages like high strength, light weight, corrosion resistance, and easy installation. The document reviews literature on strengthening both simply supported and continuous beams. It outlines different FRP strengthening methods and discusses factors that influence the behavior and failure of strengthened beams, such as surface preparation, adhesive type, and concrete strength. The document also discusses design considerations and challenges for FRP strengthening, as well as disadvantages like lack of design codes and fire risk.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Study Of High Strength Fibre Reinforced Concrete Beams With Fibre Reinforced ...IRJET Journal
1) The document studies the use of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) laminates to strengthen steel fiber reinforced high strength concrete beams.
2) Previous research has found that FRP sheets can increase the fatigue life and load capacity of reinforced concrete beams.
3) This study aims to examine how FRP laminates impact the flexural capacity, deformation characteristics, and ductility of steel fiber reinforced high strength concrete beams under loading. Tests will be conducted on concrete cubes, cylinders and prisms to determine material properties.
Effect of Wire Mesh Orientation on Strength of Beams Retrofitted using Ferroc...CSCJournals
The document discusses an experimental study on the effect of wire mesh orientation in ferrocement jackets used to retrofit under-reinforced concrete beams. Eight prototype beams were tested, with two control beams and six beams stressed to 75% of the control capacity and then retrofitted. Ferrocement jackets with wire mesh at 0, 45, and 60 degrees were used. Testing found load capacity increased 45.87-52.29% for retrofitted beams. Beams with 45 degree wire mesh showed the highest increase in energy absorption, followed by 60 and 0 degrees. Ductility increased most for 0 degree wire mesh retrofitted beams. The 45 degree orientation provided the best balance of increased load capacity and energy absorption.
An Analytical Study on Static and Fatigue Analysis of High Strength Concrete ...Stephen Raj
In recent years FRP stands as a better alternative to restore and upgrade deficient structures. The deficiency may be due to change in design standards, improper construction practices (or) adverse environmental conditions. Under such circumstances, adoption of appropriate technique for restoring the structure becoming challenging task. The objective of this thesis work is to evaluate the static and fatigue response of HSC beams with externally bonded FRP laminates using ANSYS software. The modeling and analysis is done using the software for HSC beam. The beams were strengthened with FRP laminates. The models are provided with carbon types of Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) laminates. The available experimental data of HSC beam in flexure behavior is the source material of this analysis work. All the relevant data are taken from that source material. The static and fatigue load cases are applied and the results are discussed. The comparison is made between the available experimental results of HSC beam with analytical based results of HSC beam.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IRJET- An Experimental Study on Strengthening of RCC Beam using Waste PVC Fle...IRJET Journal
The document presents the results of an experimental study that tested reinforced concrete (RCC) beams strengthened with different materials to increase their flexural strength. 12 RCC beams were prepared and tested under flexure. Some beams were wrapped with waste PVC flex banners, some were wrapped with chicken mesh and flex banners, and some were wrapped with weld mesh and flex banners. The materials were bonded to the beams using different adhesives. It was found that beams wrapped with just flex banners saw a 6% increase in load capacity. Beams with chicken mesh and flex banners saw a 21% increase. Beams with weld mesh and flex banners saw the greatest increase of 147%. The study showed that commonly available waste materials can significantly
A Study on Effect of Sizes of aggregates on Steel Fiber Reinforced ConcreteIJERD Editor
Plain, unreinforced concrete is a brittle material, with a low tensile strength, limited ductility and
little resistance to cracking. In order to improve the inherent tensile strength of concrete there is a need of
multidirectional and closely spaced reinforcement, which can be provided in the form of randomly distributed
fibers. Steel fiber is one of the most commonly used fibers The present experimental study considers the effect
of aggregate size and steel fibers on the modulus of elasticity of concrete. Crimped steel fibers at volume
fraction of 0%.0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% were used. Study on effect of volume fraction of fibers and change of
aggregate size on the modulus of elasticity of concrete was also deemed as an important part of present
experimental investigation. This work aims in studying the mechanical behavior of concrete in terms of modulus
of elasticity with the change of aggregate size reinforced with steel fibers of different series for M30 and M50
grade concretes. The results obtained show that the addition of steel fiber improves the modulus of elasticity of
concrete. It was also analyzed that by increasing the fiber volume fraction from 0%, to 1.5% there was a healthy
effect on modulus of elasticity of Steel Fiber Reinforced concrete.
Experimental performance of flexural creep behavior of ferrocement slabeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
This study examined the tensile behavior of ferrocement composite panels with varying numbers of wire mesh layers and inclusion of steel fibers. 36 panels were cast and tested under direct tension. Panels were divided into groups based on number of mesh layers (1 to 6 layers) and use of steel fibers. Testing found that ultimate load, elongation and tensile strength increased with additional mesh layers due to higher reinforcement volume fraction. Panels with steel fibers exhibited 10-17% higher strength than non-fiber panels. Failure occurred through cracking perpendicular to the load direction. The study concluded that ferrocement properties directly correlate to the number of reinforcing mesh layers.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Beam column joints in concrete framed structure have been identified as critical member for transferring forces and bending moments between beams and columns. The change of moments in beam and columns across the joint region, under loadings, induces high shear force and stresses as compared with other adjacent members. The shear failure caused is often brittle in nature which is not an acceptable structural performance. Retrofitting enhances the moment carrying capacity of joint. Often beam column joints need to be strengthened. Author proposes use of ferrocement for retrofitting as wrapping technique, cost effective alternative to costly FRP wrapping technique. In this present research study, modelling & comparison of Beam-Column joint with and without ferrocement jacket is carried out by finite element method using software ANSYS APDL. The comparison shows enhanced performance of the jacketed model over Non jacketed in terms of stresses, ultimate load carrying capacity.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Shear and flexural behavior of ferro cement deep beamseSAT Journals
Abstract
The recent application of Ferro cement includes prefabricated roofs elements, load bearing panels, bridge decks and others. However
there have been many structural applications in different parts of the world especially in eastern hemisphere considerable efforts have
been made by many individuals and research organization around the world to study the engineering of Ferro-cement. This present
study deals with the behavior of Ferro cement deep beams under central point load. A total of 27 rectangular deep beams have been
casted of dimension 125 x 250mm and the lengths of beams have been varied along with the variation of wire mesh and mortar
strength. Before testing, the top surfaces of these beams were white washed, to get a clear picture of crack pattern. Along with these
beams 27 cubes have been casted with the dimensions 7.06 cm x 7.06 cm x 7.06 cm. the compressive strength of mortar is determined.
Keywords: Admixture, Deep Beams, Ferro cement, Shear Span.
Ferrocement is a thin-walled construction material made of cement mortar reinforced with wire mesh. The document reports on an experimental investigation that tested various steel wire mesh configurations for constructing ferrocement water tanks. Specimens were cast and tested to determine material properties and panel strength. Compression testing of cement cubes showed increasing strength from 19 MPa at 3 days to 32 MPa at 28 days. Flexural testing found that a sandwich panel with double wire mesh layers had the highest cracking and ultimate loads, demonstrating ferrocement's potential for durable, low-cost water tanks.
1. The document discusses strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) beams with externally bonded glass fiber reinforced polymers (GFRPs).
2. Shear failure of RC beams is identified as a disastrous failure mode, and GFRP composites have become a popular technique for shear strengthening due to advantages like high strength and corrosion resistance.
3. The document reviews several studies that have examined using GFRP wraps, strips, and grids for shear strengthening RC beams, finding they can increase shear capacity significantly.
Effects of Hybrid Steel Fibers on the Mechanical Properties of Steel Fiber Re...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on the effects of adding different types of steel fibers on the mechanical properties of steel fiber reinforced concrete. Three types of steel fibers were investigated: straight steel fibers, hooked steel fibers, and crimped steel fibers. Concrete cubes, cylinders, and prisms containing varying percentages (1%, 2%, 3%) of each fiber type were tested to determine their compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength at different ages. The results showed that compressive strength increased up to 2% fiber content for all fiber types compared to plain concrete. Specifically, the compressive strength of concrete with 2% crimped steel fibers exhibited a 16.92% increase over the control concrete and other fiber mixtures
Behaviour of Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete Beam under Cyclic LoadingIOSR Journals
Abstract: This paper describes the influence of steel fibre distribution on the ultimate strength of concrete
beams. An experimental & analytical investigation of the behaviour of concrete beams reinforced with
conventional steel bars and steel fibres under cyclic loading is presented. It is now well established that one of
the important properties of steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC) is its superior resistance to cracking and
crack propagation. As a result of this ability to arrest cracks, fibre composites possess increased extensibility
and tensile strength, both at first crack and at ultimate load and the fibres are able to hold the matrix together
even after extensive cracking. The net result of all these is to impart to the fibre composite pronounced post –
cracking ductility which is unheard of in ordinary concrete. The transformation from a brittle to a ductile type
of material would increase substantially the energy absorption characteristics of the fibre composite and its
ability to withstand repeatedly applied, shock or impact loading. Tests on conventionally reinforced concrete
beam specimens, containing steel fibres in different proportions, have been conducted to establish loaddeflection
curves. It was observed that SFRC beams showed enhanced properties compared to that of RC beams
with steel fibres. The experimental investigations are validated with the analytical studies carried out by finite
element models using ANSYS.
Keywords: Steel fiber, concrete, properties, crack, ductility, technology.
IRJET- Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Beams using Fiber Reinforced Poly...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on strengthening reinforced concrete beams with fiber reinforced polymer composites. It reviews 11 previous studies that investigated using glass or carbon fiber reinforced polymer sheets to strengthen beams against flexural or shear failure. The document then describes an experimental study involving two sets of beams: one set weakened in flexure and strengthened with glass fiber sheets, and one set weakened in shear and strengthened with glass fiber sheets. The effects of fiber orientation and layering were examined. Beams strengthened in flexure had increased load capacity but were prone to shear-flexure failure. Beams strengthened in shear exhibited flexure failure with more warning. Bonding of fibers was intact until beam failure. Analytical models underpredicted load capacity compared to experiments
IRJET- Effect of Fiber Addition on Mechanical Properties of ConcreteIRJET Journal
The document discusses the effect of adding different types and amounts of steel fibers and glass fibers on the mechanical properties of concrete. Tests were conducted on concrete specimens with 0%, 1%, 2%, and 3% volume fractions of steel fibers to measure their compressive strength and split tensile strength after 28 days. The results showed that compressive strength and split tensile strength increased as the steel fiber content increased, with the 3% fiber volume fraction specimens exhibiting the highest strengths. Similar tests also examined the effect of 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6% glass fiber volume fractions. Both steel and glass fibers improved the mechanical properties of concrete compared to normal concrete without fibers.
Comprehensive study of high strength fiber rienforced concrete under pull out...IAEME Publication
This document presents a study on the pullout strength of high-strength steel fiber reinforced concrete. Concrete cubes containing steel fibers ranging from 0.5% to 5% by weight of cement were tested. The following key points are discussed:
1) Workability decreases with higher fiber content, so superplasticizer was used. Steel fibers increase the ductility and bond strength of concrete.
2) New expressions for predicting pullout strength as a function of fiber volume fraction and bond strength were proposed based on regression analysis.
3) Maximum fiber content was found to be dependent on concrete strength. The inclusion of steel fibers provided a significant improvement in pullout strength.
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF HIGH STRENGTH FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE UNDER PULL OUT...IAEME Publication
The present work deals with an experimental investigation and results obtained on the high strength steel fiber reinforced concrete. The effects of these fibers on workability, density, and on various strengths of high strength concrete (M60 grade concrete) are studied. Present paper emphasises on the Pullout strength of concrete. The fiber content varied from 0.5 to 5% by weight of cement at the interval of 0.5 %. Concrete cubes of 150x150x150 mm with 16mm tor bar embedded
in concrete at the centre of the cube were casted. All the specimens are water cured and tested at the age of 7 and 28 days. Workability of wet mix is found to be reduced with increased fiber content. Super plasticizer is used to increase workability.
Similar to Study on flexural strengthening of RC beams using ferrocement laminates with Recron-3S fibre – A Review (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.