IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
1) An experimental study tested the shear performance of hybrid bridge girders with ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) in the critical shear spans near supports and normal high-strength concrete (HSC) with steel stirrups in the midspan.
2) Two hybrid beams were constructed with UHPC in the critical shear spans without transverse reinforcement and HSC with steel stirrups in the midspan.
3) The hybrid beams were tested at varying shear span-to-depth ratios and showed higher ultimate shear resistance and energy absorption compared to beams with steel or carbon fiber reinforced polymer stirrups. The hybrid design allowed for optimal use of expensive UHPC.
The document summarizes research testing the effect of steel fiber volume fraction on the flexural strength of high-strength concrete beams. 25 beams were tested with steel fiber volumes from 0.5-4%. Testing showed flexural strength increased with higher fiber volumes. As fiber content increased, the failure mode transitioned from shear to flexure. Load-deflection curves showed higher maximum loads and deflections for beams with more fibers. In conclusion, adding steel fibers increases flexural strength of beams, especially at lower fiber volumes.
Effect of width and layers of GFRP strips on deflection of Reinforced Concret...inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Study on flexural strengthening of RC beams using ferrocement laminates with ...IRJET Journal
This document reviews 17 articles on strengthening reinforced concrete beams with ferrocement laminates containing Recron-3S fibers. The articles studied parameters like the type and number of wire meshes in the laminates, mortar mix ratios, and fiber usage. Several studies found that adding 2-3 layers of wire mesh laminates containing 2.35% mesh reinforcement and 30% steel slag increased the load capacity and ductility of strengthened beams compared to control beams. Other studies concluded that bottom layers of ferrocement provided better strengthening than side layers alone. Overall, the document evaluates research on using ferrocement laminates containing fibers to flexurally strengthen reinforced concrete beams.
SHEAR PERFORMANCE OF FIBER REINFORCED SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE DEEP BEAMSIAEME Publication
The self-compacting concrete (SCC) is the newest innovating category of high performance concrete. The shear behavior of Fiber Reinforced Self-Compacted Concrete (FRSCC) deep beams was investigated. The experimental program consisted of twelve simply supported beams tested up to failure under four-point load. The key parameters covered in this investigation were steel fibers ratios (0.0, 0.50, 0.75 & 1.00%) and the effective shear span to depth ratio; a/d that varied from 0.6 to 1.0. Also, the main flexure reinforcement ratio was variable (1.0, 1.60 and 2.20 percent). In addition, vertical and horizontal web reinforcement effect was investigated. The mid-span deflection, cracks, reinforcement and concrete strains of the tested beams were recorded and compared. Test results pointed out that the steel fibers enhanced the cracking load, ultimate capacity, displacement and energy absorption of the tested FRSCC deep beams.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Scienceresearchinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
The document summarizes an experimental study on the cracking behavior of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) beams without stirrups and with varying span-to-depth (a/D) ratios. Eight SFRC beams with different depths were tested under two-point or center-point loading. The study found that beams with a/D ratios less than 1 failed in brittle shear mode, beams with ratios from 1-2.5 failed in both shear and flexure, and beams over 2.5 failed in flexure. Crack patterns, propagation, and failure modes were observed to understand the behavior of SFRC beams under different loading conditions. The objective was to provide a systematic study on cracking behavior for varying a/D
1) An experimental study tested the shear performance of hybrid bridge girders with ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) in the critical shear spans near supports and normal high-strength concrete (HSC) with steel stirrups in the midspan.
2) Two hybrid beams were constructed with UHPC in the critical shear spans without transverse reinforcement and HSC with steel stirrups in the midspan.
3) The hybrid beams were tested at varying shear span-to-depth ratios and showed higher ultimate shear resistance and energy absorption compared to beams with steel or carbon fiber reinforced polymer stirrups. The hybrid design allowed for optimal use of expensive UHPC.
The document summarizes research testing the effect of steel fiber volume fraction on the flexural strength of high-strength concrete beams. 25 beams were tested with steel fiber volumes from 0.5-4%. Testing showed flexural strength increased with higher fiber volumes. As fiber content increased, the failure mode transitioned from shear to flexure. Load-deflection curves showed higher maximum loads and deflections for beams with more fibers. In conclusion, adding steel fibers increases flexural strength of beams, especially at lower fiber volumes.
Effect of width and layers of GFRP strips on deflection of Reinforced Concret...inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Study on flexural strengthening of RC beams using ferrocement laminates with ...IRJET Journal
This document reviews 17 articles on strengthening reinforced concrete beams with ferrocement laminates containing Recron-3S fibers. The articles studied parameters like the type and number of wire meshes in the laminates, mortar mix ratios, and fiber usage. Several studies found that adding 2-3 layers of wire mesh laminates containing 2.35% mesh reinforcement and 30% steel slag increased the load capacity and ductility of strengthened beams compared to control beams. Other studies concluded that bottom layers of ferrocement provided better strengthening than side layers alone. Overall, the document evaluates research on using ferrocement laminates containing fibers to flexurally strengthen reinforced concrete beams.
SHEAR PERFORMANCE OF FIBER REINFORCED SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE DEEP BEAMSIAEME Publication
The self-compacting concrete (SCC) is the newest innovating category of high performance concrete. The shear behavior of Fiber Reinforced Self-Compacted Concrete (FRSCC) deep beams was investigated. The experimental program consisted of twelve simply supported beams tested up to failure under four-point load. The key parameters covered in this investigation were steel fibers ratios (0.0, 0.50, 0.75 & 1.00%) and the effective shear span to depth ratio; a/d that varied from 0.6 to 1.0. Also, the main flexure reinforcement ratio was variable (1.0, 1.60 and 2.20 percent). In addition, vertical and horizontal web reinforcement effect was investigated. The mid-span deflection, cracks, reinforcement and concrete strains of the tested beams were recorded and compared. Test results pointed out that the steel fibers enhanced the cracking load, ultimate capacity, displacement and energy absorption of the tested FRSCC deep beams.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Scienceresearchinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
The document summarizes an experimental study on the cracking behavior of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) beams without stirrups and with varying span-to-depth (a/D) ratios. Eight SFRC beams with different depths were tested under two-point or center-point loading. The study found that beams with a/D ratios less than 1 failed in brittle shear mode, beams with ratios from 1-2.5 failed in both shear and flexure, and beams over 2.5 failed in flexure. Crack patterns, propagation, and failure modes were observed to understand the behavior of SFRC beams under different loading conditions. The objective was to provide a systematic study on cracking behavior for varying a/D
“Strengthening Of PCC Beams by Using Different Types of Wire Mesh Jacketing”IJMER
This paper presents the effect of the use of different types of wire mesh jacketing to the PCC
beams. The experimental work is mainly concerned with the study of flexural strength of concrete by
different types of wire mesh jacketing. This study brings out the importance of use of strengthening of
existing structure technology by using locally available wire mesh. In this paper, the beams of plain
cement concrete are bonded with locally available wire mesh to strengthen of structural member for
increase its strength. The method mention in this paper is most suited for strengthening and retrofitting
due to their easy availability, economy and their property of being cast to any shape without needing
significant formwork.
This study investigated the compressive strength of reinforced concrete columns wrapped with different hybrid fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) configurations. Four 150x380mm concrete columns were tested: one unconfined control column and three wrapped with different combinations of glass, basalt, and jute FRP. The column wrapped with two layers each of basalt, glass, and jute FRP (CBGJ) achieved the highest compressive strength, reaching 1000kN and exceeding the unconfined column's strength by 25%. Analysis of the load-displacement and load-strain behaviors showed that the CBGJ wrapping configuration resulted in higher displacement and strain values compared to the other specimens. The results indicate that hybrid FRP wrapping can significantly
Experimental study on Torsion behavior of Flange beam with GFRPIJSRD
The Study deals with experimental study using glass fiber polymers in civil science. Repairing represents an important aspect of the construction industry and its importance is increasing due to surrounding conditions or geoenvironmental degradations, increased service loads, reduced ability (to hold or do something) due to (old/allowing to get old/getting older), worsening because of poor construction materials and work quality’s and need for seismic-related have demanded the need for repair and rehabilitation of existing structures. Fiber reinforced polymers has been utilized effectively as a part of numerous applications such as low weight, high quality and capacity to last. Numerous past examination chips away at torsion strengthening were centered on strong rectangular RC Beams with distinctive strip designs and diverse sorts of fiber. Distinctive models were produced to torsion test for strengthening of RC beams and effectively utilized for approval of the test works.In the present work test study was done with a specific end goal to have a superior comprehension the conduct of torsion reinforcing of strong RC flanged T-Beam. A RC T-beam is deliberately examined and intended for torsion like a RC rectangular beam; the impact of cement on flange is disregarded by codes. In the present study impact of width in changing so as to oppose torsion is concentrated on flange width of controlled bars. Alternate specification considered is reinforcing and fiber orientations.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Punching Shear Strength of High Strength Fibre Reinforced Concrete SlabsIJMER
The experimental study of punching shear behavior of High Strength fiber reinforced
concrete slabs is carried out in the present work. Each of 24 square slabs was simply supported along
four edges and loaded to failure under a concentrated load over a square area at the center. The test
parameters were the effective span to depth aid ratio, volume fraction of 3 types of steel fibers, slab
thickness h, concrete strength fck, and size of load-bearing plate r. Test results indicate that the load
This document summarizes a study that investigated using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) strips to strengthen timber beams. Five deodar wood beams were tested: one unreinforced control beam and four beams strengthened with CFRP strips of varying widths applied to the bottom surface in tension. The CFRP strengthening significantly improved the beams' load-carrying capacity, with increases in maximum flexural strength ranging from 18% to 71%. Testing showed that combining CFRP reinforcement for both flexure and shear led to the greatest improvements in beam strength and represented an effective technique for reinforcing or rehabilitating existing timber structures.
Finite Element Analysis of Composite Deck Slab Using Perfobond Rib as Shear C...IJERA Editor
Nowadays, the composite decks are very common to use in composite or steel construction. In this case of study
the composite slabs have been investigated numerically by Finite Element Method (FEM). Five composite slabs
were analyzed using finite element software LUSAS. The deflection of each model were obtained and compared
with experimental test. Results showed a good agreement with the experimental data and indicate that the
perfobond rib is appropriate shear connector for the bridges decks.
Effect of prism height on strength of reinforced hollow concrete block masonryeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
This document presents an experimental and analytical study comparing the structural behavior of composite concrete slabs with profiled steel decking. 18 full-scale slab specimens were tested under different shear span lengths to evaluate the longitudinal shear bond strength between the concrete and steel deck. The experimental results were compared to analytical calculations using the m-k method and partial shear connection method from Eurocode 4. The m-k method was found to provide a more conservative estimate of load-carrying capacity than the partial shear connection method, with generally good agreement between experimental and analytical values.
This document reviews the behavior of reinforced concrete deep beams. Deep beams are defined as having a shear span to depth ratio of less than 5. The response of deep beams differs from regular beams due to the influence of shear deformations and stresses. Failure modes include flexure, flexural-shear, and diagonal cracking. Previous studies investigated factors affecting shear strength such as concrete strength, reinforcement, and loading conditions. Equations have been proposed to predict shear strength based on test results.
1) The document describes an experimental investigation of glass fibre reinforced plastic (GFRP) bridge deck panels subjected to static and fatigue loading.
2) Testing of prototype GFRP composite bridge deck panels was conducted under simulated wheel loads, with two rectangular patch loads applied symmetrically.
3) The results showed that under buckling criteria, panels failed at 123.6 kN with a deflection of 7.538mm, and under local shear criteria panels failed at 113.8 kN with a deflection of 4.057mm. Panels also resisted up to 5 million fatigue cycles.
Strengthening of reinforced concrete beam using steel fiber at different dept...eSAT Journals
Abstract
This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation for enhancing the shear and ultimate strength capacities of reinforced concrete (RC) beams using steel fiber at different depths. Ultimate loads, load-deflection curves, cracking and crushing patterns have been compared with those of the RC beams without steel fiber henceforth noted as controlled beam. A total of four sets of experiments each having three concrete beams, one set control beam and three sets with randomly distributed discrete steel fiber at different depths henceforth noted as fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) beam, were performed to determine the most economical structure in the perspective of ultimate strength and shear capacity. From the test results, it was found that incorporation of steel fiber in RC beams have shown to be effective in enhancing the shear strength capacity. It has also been observed that the strength increases with the use of varying depth of steel fiber. Beam strengthened using this scheme has shown 20% increase in shear strength and ultimate load in comparison to controlled beam.
Key Words: Reinforced Concrete Beams, High Strength Concrete, Steel fibers, strengthening
This document summarizes an article that discusses the behavior of hollow circular steel tubes under axial and eccentric compression loading, both with and without glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) jacketing. Twelve steel tube specimens were tested under different loading conditions. Finite element analysis was also conducted using ANSYS software. The results showed that GFRP jacketing effectively arrested elephant foot buckling in steel tubes under both loading conditions. It also enhanced the stiffness, ultimate load capacity, and ductility of unwrapped tubes. However, more than two layers of GFRP wrapping led to undesirable inward buckling of the tubes.
Comparative Study of Concrete Prisms Confined with G-FRP Wrapping Under Compr...IRJET Journal
- The document presents the results of an experimental study on the compressive behavior of concrete prisms confined with glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) wrapping.
- The prisms had varying edge details like sharp edges, rounded corners with radii of 13mm and 19mm, and chamfered edges of 13mm and 19mm.
- The results show that GFRP confinement significantly improved the ultimate compressive strength and failure strain of the prisms compared to unconfined prisms. Prisms with rounded corners and chamfered edges performed better than those with sharp edges.
IRJET-Experimental behavior of Concrete under Compression Load with Steel Fib...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on the experimental behavior of concrete under compression load when partially replacing cement with steel fiber and ferrocement. The research involved casting and testing cylinders and cubes of M25 grade concrete with different mixes - some with steel fiber and ferrocement additions and others without. The results showed that concrete with a 0.5% addition of steel fiber and no ferrocement layers had the highest ultimate strain and a 16% increase in compressive strength compared to plain concrete cubes. The research concluded that steel fiber and ferrocement additions can improve the performance and properties of concrete under compression loads.
Analysis of Concrete Filled Double Skin Steel Tube (CFDST) column with FRP wr...IRJET Journal
1. The document analyzes the behavior of concrete-filled double skin steel tube (CFDST) columns wrapped with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) under axial loads through finite element modeling.
2. Eighteen CFDST column models were created with variations in FRP type (carbon or glass), number of FRP layers, spacing between layers, and column length.
3. The analysis found that deformation decreased with closer FRP spacing, more layers, and longer columns. Stress also decreased with more layers but increased with closer spacing and longer columns. Carbon FRP confined columns better than glass FRP.
Effect of Wire Mesh Orientation on Strength of Beams Retrofitted using Ferroc...CSCJournals
The document discusses an experimental study on the effect of wire mesh orientation in ferrocement jackets used to retrofit under-reinforced concrete beams. Eight prototype beams were tested, with two control beams and six beams stressed to 75% of the control capacity and then retrofitted. Ferrocement jackets with wire mesh at 0, 45, and 60 degrees were used. Testing found load capacity increased 45.87-52.29% for retrofitted beams. Beams with 45 degree wire mesh showed the highest increase in energy absorption, followed by 60 and 0 degrees. Ductility increased most for 0 degree wire mesh retrofitted beams. The 45 degree orientation provided the best balance of increased load capacity and energy absorption.
Experimental Study of Strength Parameters of Hybrid Fibre Reinforced C...IRJET Journal
The document presents results from an experimental study investigating the strength parameters of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete (HFRC). Concrete mixtures were created with combinations of polypropylene fibers and hooked steel fibers ranging from 0.5-2% by volume. Testing found that HFRC has higher impact strength, split tensile strength, and pullout strength compared to conventional concrete, with only marginal improvements in compressive strength. The optimum mixture was found to be 0.8% steel fiber and 0.3% polypropylene fiber for workability and strength without superplasticizer, and 1.4% steel fiber and 0.3% polypropylene fiber with superplasticizer.
Green cast demonstration of innovative lightweight construction components ma...eSAT Publishing House
This document describes the GREEN CAST project which aims to develop an innovative, sustainable construction material made from recycled fly ash as an alternative to autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC). The material is produced using a geopolymer process with fly ash activated in an alkaline solution and foaming agent. Testing found the material has similar mechanical, thermal and acoustic properties as AAC but with lower environmental impact. Two full-scale demonstrator buildings were constructed using the new material and AAC blocks to compare performance, finding the new material performs similarly as an insulating material.
Effect of soft segment chain length on tailoring the propertieseSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Study of cigarette butts extract as corrosiveinhibiting agent in j55 steel ma...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
“Strengthening Of PCC Beams by Using Different Types of Wire Mesh Jacketing”IJMER
This paper presents the effect of the use of different types of wire mesh jacketing to the PCC
beams. The experimental work is mainly concerned with the study of flexural strength of concrete by
different types of wire mesh jacketing. This study brings out the importance of use of strengthening of
existing structure technology by using locally available wire mesh. In this paper, the beams of plain
cement concrete are bonded with locally available wire mesh to strengthen of structural member for
increase its strength. The method mention in this paper is most suited for strengthening and retrofitting
due to their easy availability, economy and their property of being cast to any shape without needing
significant formwork.
This study investigated the compressive strength of reinforced concrete columns wrapped with different hybrid fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) configurations. Four 150x380mm concrete columns were tested: one unconfined control column and three wrapped with different combinations of glass, basalt, and jute FRP. The column wrapped with two layers each of basalt, glass, and jute FRP (CBGJ) achieved the highest compressive strength, reaching 1000kN and exceeding the unconfined column's strength by 25%. Analysis of the load-displacement and load-strain behaviors showed that the CBGJ wrapping configuration resulted in higher displacement and strain values compared to the other specimens. The results indicate that hybrid FRP wrapping can significantly
Experimental study on Torsion behavior of Flange beam with GFRPIJSRD
The Study deals with experimental study using glass fiber polymers in civil science. Repairing represents an important aspect of the construction industry and its importance is increasing due to surrounding conditions or geoenvironmental degradations, increased service loads, reduced ability (to hold or do something) due to (old/allowing to get old/getting older), worsening because of poor construction materials and work quality’s and need for seismic-related have demanded the need for repair and rehabilitation of existing structures. Fiber reinforced polymers has been utilized effectively as a part of numerous applications such as low weight, high quality and capacity to last. Numerous past examination chips away at torsion strengthening were centered on strong rectangular RC Beams with distinctive strip designs and diverse sorts of fiber. Distinctive models were produced to torsion test for strengthening of RC beams and effectively utilized for approval of the test works.In the present work test study was done with a specific end goal to have a superior comprehension the conduct of torsion reinforcing of strong RC flanged T-Beam. A RC T-beam is deliberately examined and intended for torsion like a RC rectangular beam; the impact of cement on flange is disregarded by codes. In the present study impact of width in changing so as to oppose torsion is concentrated on flange width of controlled bars. Alternate specification considered is reinforcing and fiber orientations.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Punching Shear Strength of High Strength Fibre Reinforced Concrete SlabsIJMER
The experimental study of punching shear behavior of High Strength fiber reinforced
concrete slabs is carried out in the present work. Each of 24 square slabs was simply supported along
four edges and loaded to failure under a concentrated load over a square area at the center. The test
parameters were the effective span to depth aid ratio, volume fraction of 3 types of steel fibers, slab
thickness h, concrete strength fck, and size of load-bearing plate r. Test results indicate that the load
This document summarizes a study that investigated using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) strips to strengthen timber beams. Five deodar wood beams were tested: one unreinforced control beam and four beams strengthened with CFRP strips of varying widths applied to the bottom surface in tension. The CFRP strengthening significantly improved the beams' load-carrying capacity, with increases in maximum flexural strength ranging from 18% to 71%. Testing showed that combining CFRP reinforcement for both flexure and shear led to the greatest improvements in beam strength and represented an effective technique for reinforcing or rehabilitating existing timber structures.
Finite Element Analysis of Composite Deck Slab Using Perfobond Rib as Shear C...IJERA Editor
Nowadays, the composite decks are very common to use in composite or steel construction. In this case of study
the composite slabs have been investigated numerically by Finite Element Method (FEM). Five composite slabs
were analyzed using finite element software LUSAS. The deflection of each model were obtained and compared
with experimental test. Results showed a good agreement with the experimental data and indicate that the
perfobond rib is appropriate shear connector for the bridges decks.
Effect of prism height on strength of reinforced hollow concrete block masonryeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
This document presents an experimental and analytical study comparing the structural behavior of composite concrete slabs with profiled steel decking. 18 full-scale slab specimens were tested under different shear span lengths to evaluate the longitudinal shear bond strength between the concrete and steel deck. The experimental results were compared to analytical calculations using the m-k method and partial shear connection method from Eurocode 4. The m-k method was found to provide a more conservative estimate of load-carrying capacity than the partial shear connection method, with generally good agreement between experimental and analytical values.
This document reviews the behavior of reinforced concrete deep beams. Deep beams are defined as having a shear span to depth ratio of less than 5. The response of deep beams differs from regular beams due to the influence of shear deformations and stresses. Failure modes include flexure, flexural-shear, and diagonal cracking. Previous studies investigated factors affecting shear strength such as concrete strength, reinforcement, and loading conditions. Equations have been proposed to predict shear strength based on test results.
1) The document describes an experimental investigation of glass fibre reinforced plastic (GFRP) bridge deck panels subjected to static and fatigue loading.
2) Testing of prototype GFRP composite bridge deck panels was conducted under simulated wheel loads, with two rectangular patch loads applied symmetrically.
3) The results showed that under buckling criteria, panels failed at 123.6 kN with a deflection of 7.538mm, and under local shear criteria panels failed at 113.8 kN with a deflection of 4.057mm. Panels also resisted up to 5 million fatigue cycles.
Strengthening of reinforced concrete beam using steel fiber at different dept...eSAT Journals
Abstract
This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation for enhancing the shear and ultimate strength capacities of reinforced concrete (RC) beams using steel fiber at different depths. Ultimate loads, load-deflection curves, cracking and crushing patterns have been compared with those of the RC beams without steel fiber henceforth noted as controlled beam. A total of four sets of experiments each having three concrete beams, one set control beam and three sets with randomly distributed discrete steel fiber at different depths henceforth noted as fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) beam, were performed to determine the most economical structure in the perspective of ultimate strength and shear capacity. From the test results, it was found that incorporation of steel fiber in RC beams have shown to be effective in enhancing the shear strength capacity. It has also been observed that the strength increases with the use of varying depth of steel fiber. Beam strengthened using this scheme has shown 20% increase in shear strength and ultimate load in comparison to controlled beam.
Key Words: Reinforced Concrete Beams, High Strength Concrete, Steel fibers, strengthening
This document summarizes an article that discusses the behavior of hollow circular steel tubes under axial and eccentric compression loading, both with and without glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) jacketing. Twelve steel tube specimens were tested under different loading conditions. Finite element analysis was also conducted using ANSYS software. The results showed that GFRP jacketing effectively arrested elephant foot buckling in steel tubes under both loading conditions. It also enhanced the stiffness, ultimate load capacity, and ductility of unwrapped tubes. However, more than two layers of GFRP wrapping led to undesirable inward buckling of the tubes.
Comparative Study of Concrete Prisms Confined with G-FRP Wrapping Under Compr...IRJET Journal
- The document presents the results of an experimental study on the compressive behavior of concrete prisms confined with glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) wrapping.
- The prisms had varying edge details like sharp edges, rounded corners with radii of 13mm and 19mm, and chamfered edges of 13mm and 19mm.
- The results show that GFRP confinement significantly improved the ultimate compressive strength and failure strain of the prisms compared to unconfined prisms. Prisms with rounded corners and chamfered edges performed better than those with sharp edges.
IRJET-Experimental behavior of Concrete under Compression Load with Steel Fib...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on the experimental behavior of concrete under compression load when partially replacing cement with steel fiber and ferrocement. The research involved casting and testing cylinders and cubes of M25 grade concrete with different mixes - some with steel fiber and ferrocement additions and others without. The results showed that concrete with a 0.5% addition of steel fiber and no ferrocement layers had the highest ultimate strain and a 16% increase in compressive strength compared to plain concrete cubes. The research concluded that steel fiber and ferrocement additions can improve the performance and properties of concrete under compression loads.
Analysis of Concrete Filled Double Skin Steel Tube (CFDST) column with FRP wr...IRJET Journal
1. The document analyzes the behavior of concrete-filled double skin steel tube (CFDST) columns wrapped with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) under axial loads through finite element modeling.
2. Eighteen CFDST column models were created with variations in FRP type (carbon or glass), number of FRP layers, spacing between layers, and column length.
3. The analysis found that deformation decreased with closer FRP spacing, more layers, and longer columns. Stress also decreased with more layers but increased with closer spacing and longer columns. Carbon FRP confined columns better than glass FRP.
Effect of Wire Mesh Orientation on Strength of Beams Retrofitted using Ferroc...CSCJournals
The document discusses an experimental study on the effect of wire mesh orientation in ferrocement jackets used to retrofit under-reinforced concrete beams. Eight prototype beams were tested, with two control beams and six beams stressed to 75% of the control capacity and then retrofitted. Ferrocement jackets with wire mesh at 0, 45, and 60 degrees were used. Testing found load capacity increased 45.87-52.29% for retrofitted beams. Beams with 45 degree wire mesh showed the highest increase in energy absorption, followed by 60 and 0 degrees. Ductility increased most for 0 degree wire mesh retrofitted beams. The 45 degree orientation provided the best balance of increased load capacity and energy absorption.
Experimental Study of Strength Parameters of Hybrid Fibre Reinforced C...IRJET Journal
The document presents results from an experimental study investigating the strength parameters of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete (HFRC). Concrete mixtures were created with combinations of polypropylene fibers and hooked steel fibers ranging from 0.5-2% by volume. Testing found that HFRC has higher impact strength, split tensile strength, and pullout strength compared to conventional concrete, with only marginal improvements in compressive strength. The optimum mixture was found to be 0.8% steel fiber and 0.3% polypropylene fiber for workability and strength without superplasticizer, and 1.4% steel fiber and 0.3% polypropylene fiber with superplasticizer.
Green cast demonstration of innovative lightweight construction components ma...eSAT Publishing House
This document describes the GREEN CAST project which aims to develop an innovative, sustainable construction material made from recycled fly ash as an alternative to autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC). The material is produced using a geopolymer process with fly ash activated in an alkaline solution and foaming agent. Testing found the material has similar mechanical, thermal and acoustic properties as AAC but with lower environmental impact. Two full-scale demonstrator buildings were constructed using the new material and AAC blocks to compare performance, finding the new material performs similarly as an insulating material.
Effect of soft segment chain length on tailoring the propertieseSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Study of cigarette butts extract as corrosiveinhibiting agent in j55 steel ma...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
This document discusses optimizing content-based image retrieval in peer-to-peer systems. It summarizes previous work on content-based image retrieval using multi-instance queries in peer-to-peer networks. The authors propose two optimizations to previous work: 1) clustering peers to reduce search time, and 2) constructing a search index at cluster heads to avoid searching each peer. Their experiments show the proposed approach reduces search time compared to previous work, with some reduction in accuracy that improves as more nodes are added. The authors plan future work to analyze performance with different cluster sizes and representations for faster search.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Performance of blended corrosion inhibitors for reinforced concreteeSAT Publishing House
This document discusses the performance of blended corrosion inhibitors for reinforced concrete. It summarizes the results of experiments conducted to evaluate the effect of a blend of calcium nitrite and calcium hypophosphite corrosion inhibitors on the physical properties and corrosion resistance of cement and concrete. The experiments found that the corrosion inhibitor blend did not adversely affect the setting time, pH, or compressive strength of cement or concrete. Electrochemical tests also showed that the corrosion inhibitor blend reduced the corrosion current density, demonstrating its potential to control corrosion initiation and propagation in reinforced concrete.
Performance evaluation of rapid and spray and-wait dtn routing protocols unde...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Cooperative ad hoc networks for energy efficient improve connectivityeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Structure, microstructure and dielectric study of (ba0.6 sr0.4)(zr0.6ti0.4)o3...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Performance investigation of electricial power supply to owerri for higher pr...eSAT Publishing House
This document investigates the performance of electrical power supply to Owerri, Nigeria by analyzing data collected from the Enugu Electricity Distribution Company and customers. It finds that major issues include inadequate available megawatts, obsolete equipment, network overloads, poor funding, and lack of maintenance. On average, power is supplied for only 29-46% of the time needed. While privatization aims to address challenges, issues remain like technical faults, heat losses during transmission, and supplying only 85 megawatts daily against demand. Recommendations include equipment upgrades, cooperation between government, private sectors and customers, and smart metering to ensure proper billing.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
This document describes a proposed distributed power factor correction system and an automated power factor correction system design using a microcontroller.
The proposed distributed system would install small power factor correction devices at the user level rather than just at substations. This would inject reactive power closer to the load to improve efficiency. The design uses an ATmega16 microcontroller to measure the phase angle between voltage and current using a zero crossing detector. It also measures the load current using an current sensor and ADC. Based on these measurements, it calculates the required capacitance and controls a capacitor bank to improve the power factor.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
A novel approach on a robot for the blind people which can trained and operat...eSAT Publishing House
This document describes a proposed robot system to assist blind people. The robot would use a camera to capture images of objects in front of it. A non-expert user could then train the robot to identify new objects by entering the object name. When recall is requested, the robot would identify objects in its database and announce the name via earphone to the blind person. This allows a non-expert to continuously update the robot's knowledge of household objects, unlike existing systems which require expert training. The proposed system uses an ARM11 processor, camera, earphone, and OpenCV for image processing and object recognition.
This document describes a proposed mobile application that would allow users to report hazardous objects to the appropriate authorities. The application would use the device's GPS to tag photos, videos, or audio recordings with location data. This media would then be uploaded to a central server and displayed on a map for relevant government departments to view. The goal is to create a single platform for citizens to report issues and hazards, so authorities can better understand problems and locations that require attention. Key features would include media capture, GPS integration, and displaying reported incidents on a map via the Google Maps API.
This document discusses computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of flow over an airfoil integrated with spikes at supersonic speeds. It presents the results of CFD simulations using ANSYS Fluent software to analyze the effect of adding either a sharp spike or hemispherical spike to a NACA 651-412 airfoil at Mach numbers over 1. The study found that the addition of spikes modifies the flow field over the airfoil and changes the aerodynamic lift and drag coefficients. Spikes help reduce problems like higher heating and separation that occur during supersonic flight.
Experimental behavior of circular hsscfrc filled steel tubular columns under ...eSAT Journals
This document summarizes an experimental study that tested circular concrete-filled steel tube columns with varying parameters. 45 specimens were tested with different fiber percentages (0-2%), tube diameter-to-wall-thickness ratios (D/t from 15-25), and length-to-diameter (L/d) ratios (from 2.97-7.04). The results found that columns filled with fiber-reinforced concrete exhibited higher stiffness, equal ductility, and enhanced energy absorption compared to those filled with plain concrete. The load carrying capacity increased with fiber content up to 1.5% but not at 2.0%. The analytical predictions of failure load closely matched the experimental values.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Experimental behavior of circular hsscfrc filled steel tubular columns under ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
This paper presents an outlook on experimental behavior and a comparison with predicted formula on the behaviour of circular
concentrically loaded self-consolidating fibre reinforced concrete filled steel tube columns (HSSCFRC). Forty-five specimens were
tested. The main parameters varied in the tests are: (1) percentage of fiber (2) tube diameter or width to wall thickness ratio (D/t
from 15 to 25) (3) L/d ratio from 2.97 to 7.04 the results from these predictions were compared with the experimental data. The
experimental results) were also validated in this study.
Keywords: Self-compacting concrete; Concrete-filled steel tube; axial load behavior; Ultimate capacity.
Study Of High Strength Fibre Reinforced Concrete Beams With Fibre Reinforced ...IRJET Journal
1) The document studies the use of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) laminates to strengthen steel fiber reinforced high strength concrete beams.
2) Previous research has found that FRP sheets can increase the fatigue life and load capacity of reinforced concrete beams.
3) This study aims to examine how FRP laminates impact the flexural capacity, deformation characteristics, and ductility of steel fiber reinforced high strength concrete beams under loading. Tests will be conducted on concrete cubes, cylinders and prisms to determine material properties.
Finite Element Analysis of Composite Deck Slab Using Perfobond Rib as Shear C...IJERA Editor
Nowadays, the composite decks are very common to use in composite or steel construction. In this case of study
the composite slabs have been investigated numerically by Finite Element Method (FEM). Five composite slabs
were analyzed using finite element software LUSAS. The deflection of each model were obtained and compared
with experimental test. Results showed a good agreement with the experimental data and indicate that the
perfobond rib is appropriate shear connector for the bridges decks
This document presents a thesis on the structural behavior of hybrid and ductal decked bulb T-beams constructed with ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) and prestressed with carbon fiber composite cables (CFCC). The thesis introduces these innovative beam designs which aim to 1) reduce construction costs by optimizing the use of UHPC and FRP materials, 2) eliminate transverse reinforcement, 3) prevent sudden shear and flexural failures, 4) accelerate onsite construction, 5) reduce maintenance costs, and 6) allow for easier inspection. An experimental program evaluated the shear and flexural behavior of hybrid beams with UHPC in the shear spans and high-strength concrete in the middle span, and ductal beams with optimized UHPC
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Precast construction techniques have gained huge popularity in the recent times
due to rapid construction, excellent quality control, lesser site labour costs and more
overall savings. In the current scenario, the most advanced type of prestressed
construction is the manufacture of prestressed hollow core slab construction, which
essentially consists of huge prestressed concrete panel units cast to the required slab
dimensions. The construction is associated with the requirement of huge machinery
for transportation, hoisting and placing operations. In the present study, a partially
prestressed slab of dimensions 4000 mm × 600 mm × 120 mm was designed and cast.
An RCC slab was also designed for comparing the behaviour of the prestressed
hollow slab. The present study discussed about the flexural behaviour of pretensioned
prestressed concrete hollow slab. The slab which was designed for this study
consisted of three hollow cores, each having a diameter of three centimeters. A
special mould was designed for casting, which was capable of withstanding huge
prestressing forces. The hollow core provided within the specimen is an excellent
method to improve material savings, thermal and sound insulation properties, besides
being a provision for mechanical runs. The slab was cast and experimentally tested by
subjecting it to uniformly distributed loads using sand bags to study the flexural
behaviour of the slab.
Fiber reinforced polymer reinforcement for construction state of the art revieweSAT Journals
Abstract
Development of civil engineering is intimately connected to innovation in structural material. To full fill the requirement of advance infrastructure in India, modern technologies and innovative materials has started to makes its way. Structures with bar corrosion and other distresses requires repair, rehabilitation and retrofits for increase strength, durability and much more life span. Fiber reinforce plastic (FRP) reinforcements provides solution for such work due to its non-corrosive and non-magnetic nature also high strength and low weight ratio. Now a day FRP materials are used for internal reinforcement for RC structures worldwide.
Keywords: Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP), strength, durability, shear and flexure, fire endurance
This document summarizes an experimental study on the flexural behavior of ferrocement slabs compared to reinforced concrete slabs under cyclic loading. Fourteen slab panels were tested to measure cracking loads, collapse loads, and deflections. It was found that ferrocement slabs exhibited more ductile behavior and higher loads than equivalent reinforced concrete slabs. Theoretical moment capacities calculated using different methods were also compared to experimental results. The study concluded that ferrocement slabs demonstrated superior flexural behavior to reinforced concrete slabs.
- The study experimentally tested the flexural behavior of ferrocement slabs and reinforced concrete (RCC) slabs under cyclic loading.
- Fourteen slab panels (twelve ferrocement, two RCC) were cast and tested to determine cracking loads, collapse loads, and deflections.
- The results showed that ferrocement slabs cracked at higher loads and exhibited more ductile behavior than comparable RCC slabs. Ferrocement slabs also demonstrated better load-carrying capacity and crack-closing properties.
MODELS FOR CONFINED CONCRETE COLUMNS WITH FIBER COMPOSITESIAEME Publication
Many studies have been done to find a convenient representation of physical behavior Fiber Reinforced Polymers for strengthening or retrofitted techniques which can enhance stress-strain performance of existing reinforced concrete structures. FRP composites are used for strengthening applications mainly due to the lightweight, high compressive strength, resistance to corrosion, speed and ease of application and formed on site. Conceptually, the s tress strain relation of concrete as a non-homogenous and nonlinear composite material is not unique that depends on the many variables.
NONLINEAR FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE SLABS UNDER PUNCHIN...IAEME Publication
This paper presents an implementation of a three-dimensional nonlinear finite element model for evaluating the behavior of reinforced concrete slabs under centric load. The concrete was idealized by using eight-nodded solid elements. While flexural reinforcement and the shear were modeled as line elements, a perfected bond between solid elements and line elements was assumed. The nonlinear behavior of concrete in compression is simulated by an elasto-plastic work-hardening model, and in tension a suitable post-cracking model based on tension stiffening and shear retention models are employed. The steel was simulated using an elastic-full plastic model. The validity of the theoretical formulations and the program used was verified through comparison with available experimental data, and the agreement has proven to be good. A parametric study has been also carried out to investigate the influence of the slab thickness on column-slab connection response
This document summarizes an experimental investigation on using ferrocement to repair reinforced concrete beams. Three sets of RC beams were tested to failure and then repaired with different ferrocement layer configurations. Beams in set 1 were repaired with a 0.5 inch layer on three sides. Set 2 beams had two 1 inch layers on the bottom and one 1 inch layer on two sides. Set 3 beams had a total of 1 inch layer on three sides. The repaired beams were re-tested and their cracking loads, ultimate loads, and deflections were compared to the original beams. Test results showed that beams with two bottom layers of ferrocement overlay performed comparatively better in strengthening the beams. The study demonstrated that ferrocement layers can
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Investigation of the use of textile carbon yarns as sustainable shear reinfor...Shakerqaidi
This document summarizes an investigation into using textile carbon yarns as sustainable shear reinforcement in concrete beams as an alternative to traditional steel stirrups. Eight concrete beams were tested with varying parameters of the carbon yarn reinforcement, including overlap length, spacing, inclination angle, and addition of steel fibers. The results showed that beams with 100% overlap length, 90mm spacing, 45° inclination angle, and addition of steel fibers had the highest shear capacity, deflection, and best cracking behavior compared to the reference beams and other test beams. This indicates that textile carbon yarns can effectively replace steel stirrups as shear reinforcement in concrete beams.
IJERD(www.ijerd.com)International Journal of Engineering Research and Develop...IJERD Editor
The document summarizes an experimental study on the flexural behavior of ferrocement slabs reinforced with polyvinyl chloride (PVC)-coated steel weld mesh. Ferrocement slabs of size 700mm x 200mm x 15mm thick were cast with 1, 2, and 3 layers of PVC-coated mesh and galvanized iron (GI)-coated mesh. Flexural tests were conducted to determine load-deflection behavior and cracking. Results showed that as the number of mesh layers increased from 1 to 3, the flexural load capacity and ductility of the slabs improved significantly. Slabs with PVC-coated mesh achieved 90% of the load capacity of slabs with GI-coated mesh
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development is an international premier peer reviewed open access engineering and technology journal promoting the discovery, innovation, advancement and dissemination of basic and transitional knowledge in engineering, technology and related disciplines.
We follow "Rigorous Publication" model - means that all articles appear on IJERD after full appraisal, effectiveness, legitimacy and reliability of research content. International Journal of Engineering Research and Development publishes papers online as well as provide hard copy of Journal to authors after publication of paper. It is intended to serve as a forum for researchers, practitioners and developers to exchange ideas and results for the advancement of Engineering & Technology.
Cost Comparative Study On Steel Frame Folded Plate Roofing System Vs Conventi...IJERA Editor
Due to ever-increasing of construction materials, it becomes the foremost duty of a civil engineer to design economical and durable structures. In this project an attempt has been made to compare the cost of two types of roofing systems viz. conventional truss roofing system and steel frame folded plate roofing system. The steel frame folded plate roofing system, though found to be economical, is not widely practiced in India due to lack of knowledge regarding its analysis and design. On contrary to it, the conventional truss roofing system still remains as the widely adopted method of roofing for different types of buildings due to the available literature on its analysis, design and construction. The analysis and design of conventional truss roofing system and folded plate roofing system have been carried out for various spans. The analysis is carried out in STAAD.Pro 2004, which is based on stiffness method. Load calculations and design done manually, based on IS:875-1987, IS:800-1984 & SP:38(1987)
Similar to Shear and flexural behavior of ferro cement deep (20)
Hudhud cyclone caused extensive damage in Visakhapatnam, India in October 2014, especially to tree cover. This will likely impact the local environment in several ways: increased air pollution as trees absorb less; higher temperatures without tree canopy; increased erosion and landslides. It also created large amounts of waste from destroyed trees. Proper management of solid waste is needed to prevent disease spread. Suggested measures include restoring damaged plants, building fountains to reduce heat, mandating light-colored buildings, improving waste management, and educating public on health risks. Overall, changes are needed to water, land, and waste practices to rebuild the environment after the cyclone removed green cover.
Impact of flood disaster in a drought prone area – case study of alampur vill...eSAT Publishing House
1) In September-October 2009, unprecedented heavy rainfall and dam releases caused widespread flooding in Alampur village in Mahabub Nagar district, a historically drought-prone area.
2) The flood damaged or destroyed homes, buildings, infrastructure, crops, and documents. It displaced many residents and cut off the village.
3) The socioeconomic conditions and mud-based construction of homes in the village exacerbated the flood's impacts, making damage more severe and recovery more difficult.
The document summarizes the Hudhud cyclone that struck Visakhapatnam, India in October 2014. It describes the cyclone's formation, rapid intensification to winds of 175 km/h, and landfall near Visakhapatnam. The cyclone caused extensive damage estimated at over $1 billion and at least 109 deaths in India and Nepal. Infrastructure like buildings, bridges, and power lines were destroyed. Crops and fishing boats were also damaged. The document then discusses coping strategies and improvements needed to disaster management plans to better prepare for future cyclones.
Groundwater investigation using geophysical methods a case study of pydibhim...eSAT Publishing House
This document summarizes the results of a geophysical investigation using vertical electrical sounding (VES) methods at 13 locations around an industrial area in India. The VES data was interpreted to generate geo-electric sections and pseudo-sections showing subsurface resistivity variations. Three main layers were typically identified - a high resistivity topsoil, a weathered middle layer, and a basement rock. Pseudo-sections revealed relatively more weathered areas in the northwest and southwest. Resistivity sections helped identify zones of possible high groundwater potential based on low resistivity anomalies sandwiched between more resistive layers. The study concluded the electrical resistivity method was useful for understanding subsurface geology and identifying areas prospective for groundwater exploration.
Flood related disasters concerned to urban flooding in bangalore, indiaeSAT Publishing House
1. The document discusses urban flooding in Bangalore, India. It describes how factors like heavy rainfall, population growth, and improper land use have contributed to increased flooding in the city.
2. Flooding events in 2013 are analyzed in detail. A November rainfall caused runoff six times higher than the drainage capacity, inundating low-lying residential areas.
3. Impacts of urban flooding include disrupted daily life, damaged infrastructure, and decreased economic activity in affected areas. The document calls for improved flood management strategies to better mitigate urban flooding risks in Bangalore.
Enhancing post disaster recovery by optimal infrastructure capacity buildingeSAT Publishing House
This document discusses enhancing post-disaster recovery through optimal infrastructure capacity building. It presents a model to minimize the cost of meeting demand using auxiliary capacities when disaster damages infrastructure. The model uses genetic algorithms to select optimal capacity combinations. The document reviews how infrastructure provides vital services supporting recovery activities and discusses classifying infrastructure into six types. When disaster reduces infrastructure services, a gap forms between community demands and available support, hindering recovery. The proposed research aims to identify this gap and optimize capacity selection to fill it cost-effectively.
Effect of lintel and lintel band on the global performance of reinforced conc...eSAT Publishing House
This document analyzes the effect of lintels and lintel bands on the seismic performance of reinforced concrete masonry infilled frames through non-linear static pushover analysis. Four frame models are considered: a frame with a full masonry infill wall; a frame with a central opening but no lintel/band; a frame with a lintel above the opening; and a frame with a lintel band above the opening. The results show that the full infill wall model has 27% higher stiffness and 32% higher strength than the model with just an opening. Models with lintels or lintel bands have slightly higher strength and stiffness than the model with just an opening. The document concludes lintels and lintel
Wind damage to trees in the gitam university campus at visakhapatnam by cyclo...eSAT Publishing House
1) A cyclone with wind speeds of 175-200 kph caused massive damage to the green cover of Gitam University campus in Visakhapatnam, India. Thousands of trees were uprooted or damaged.
2) A study assessed different types of damage to trees from the cyclone, including defoliation, salt spray damage, damage to stems/branches, and uprooting. Certain tree species were more vulnerable than others.
3) The results of the study can help in selecting more wind-resistant tree species for future planting and reducing damage from future storms.
Wind damage to buildings, infrastrucuture and landscape elements along the be...eSAT Publishing House
1) A visual study was conducted to assess wind damage from Cyclone Hudhud along the 27km Visakha-Bheemli Beach road in Visakhapatnam, India.
2) Residential and commercial buildings suffered extensive roof damage, while glass facades on hotels and restaurants were shattered. Infrastructure like electricity poles and bus shelters were destroyed.
3) Landscape elements faced damage, including collapsed trees that damaged pavements, and debris in parks. The cyclone wiped out over half the city's green cover and caused beach erosion around protected areas.
1) The document reviews factors that influence the shear strength of reinforced concrete deep beams, including compressive strength of concrete, percentage of tension reinforcement, vertical and horizontal web reinforcement, aggregate interlock, shear span-to-depth ratio, loading distribution, side cover, and beam depth.
2) It finds that compressive strength of concrete, tension reinforcement percentage, and web reinforcement all increase shear strength, while shear strength decreases as shear span-to-depth ratio increases.
3) The distribution and amount of vertical and horizontal web reinforcement also affects shear strength, but closely spaced stirrups do not necessarily enhance capacity or performance.
Role of voluntary teams of professional engineers in dissater management – ex...eSAT Publishing House
1) A team of 17 professional engineers from various disciplines called the "Griha Seva" team volunteered after the 2001 Gujarat earthquake to provide technical assistance.
2) The team conducted site visits, assessments, testing and recommended retrofitting strategies for damaged structures in Bhuj and Ahmedabad. They were able to fully assess and retrofit 20 buildings in Ahmedabad.
3) Factors observed that exacerbated the earthquake's impacts included unplanned construction, non-engineered buildings, improper prior retrofitting, and defective materials and workmanship. The professional engineers' technical expertise was crucial for effective post-disaster management.
This document discusses risk analysis and environmental hazard management. It begins by defining risk, hazard, and toxicity. It then outlines the steps involved in hazard identification, including HAZID, HAZOP, and HAZAN. The document presents a case study of a hypothetical gas collecting station, identifying potential accidents and hazards. It discusses quantitative and qualitative approaches to risk analysis, including calculating a fire and explosion index. The document concludes by discussing hazard management strategies like preventative measures, control measures, fire protection, relief operations, and the importance of training personnel on safety.
Review study on performance of seismically tested repaired shear wallseSAT Publishing House
This document summarizes research on the performance of reinforced concrete shear walls that have been repaired after damage. It begins with an introduction to shear walls and their failure modes. The literature review then discusses the behavior of original shear walls as well as different repair techniques tested by other researchers, including conventional repair with new concrete, jacketing with steel plates or concrete, and use of fiber reinforced polymers. The document focuses on evaluating the strength retention of shear walls after being repaired with various methods.
Monitoring and assessment of air quality with reference to dust particles (pm...eSAT Publishing House
This document summarizes a study on monitoring and assessing air quality with respect to dust particles (PM10 and PM2.5) in the urban environment of Visakhapatnam, India. Sampling was conducted in residential, commercial, and industrial areas from October 2013 to August 2014. The average PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were within limits in residential areas but moderate to high in commercial and industrial areas. Exceedance factor levels indicated moderate pollution for residential areas and moderate to high pollution for commercial and industrial areas. There is a need for management measures like improved public transport and green spaces to combat particulate air pollution in the study areas.
Low cost wireless sensor networks and smartphone applications for disaster ma...eSAT Publishing House
This document describes a low-cost wireless sensor network and smartphone application system for disaster management. The system uses an Arduino-based wireless sensor network comprising nodes with various sensors to monitor the environment. The sensor data is transmitted to a central gateway and then to the cloud for analysis. A smartphone app connected to the cloud can detect disasters from the sensor data and send real-time alerts to users to help with early evacuation. The system aims to provide low-cost localized disaster detection and warnings to improve safety.
Coastal zones – seismic vulnerability an analysis from east coast of indiaeSAT Publishing House
This document summarizes an analysis of seismic vulnerability along the east coast of India. It discusses the geotectonic setting of the region as a passive continental margin and reports some moderate seismic activity from offshore in recent decades. While seismic stability cannot be assumed given events like the 2004 tsunami, no major earthquakes have been recorded along this coast historically. The document calls for further study of active faults, neotectonics, and implementation of improved seismic building codes to mitigate vulnerability.
Can fracture mechanics predict damage due disaster of structureseSAT Publishing House
This document discusses how fracture mechanics can be used to better predict damage and failure of structures. It notes that current design codes are based on small-scale laboratory tests and do not account for size effects, which can lead to more brittle failures in larger structures. The document outlines how fracture mechanics considers factors like size effect, ductility, and minimum reinforcement that influence the strength and failure behavior of structures. It provides examples of how fracture mechanics has been applied to problems like evaluating shear strength in deep beams and investigating a failure of an oil platform structure. The document argues that fracture mechanics provides a more scientific basis for structural design compared to existing empirical code provisions.
This document discusses the assessment of seismic susceptibility of reinforced concrete (RC) buildings. It begins with an introduction to earthquakes and the importance of vulnerability assessment in mitigating earthquake risks and losses. It then describes modeling the nonlinear behavior of RC building elements and performing pushover analysis to evaluate building performance. The document outlines modeling RC frames and developing moment-curvature relationships. It also summarizes the results of pushover analyses on sample 2D and 3D RC frames with and without shear walls. The conclusions emphasize that pushover analysis effectively assesses building properties but has limitations, and that capacity spectrum method provides appropriate results for evaluating building response and retrofitting impact.
A geophysical insight of earthquake occurred on 21 st may 2014 off paradip, b...eSAT Publishing House
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Shear and flexural behavior of ferro cement deep
1. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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SHEAR AND FLEXURAL BEHAVIOR OF FERRO CEMENT DEEP
BEAMS
Md Ihtesham Hussain1
,Vaijanath Halhalli2
, P.M.B Raj kiran Nanduri3
1, 3
Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, Adama Science and Technological University, ETHIOPIA
2
Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, PDA College of Engineering Gulbarga
ihtesham89@gmail.com, vaijanathhalhalli@yahoo.com, rajkiran.n1987@gmail.com
Abstract
The recent application of Ferro cement includes prefabricated roofs elements, load bearing panels, bridge decks and others. However
there have been many structural applications in different parts of the world especially in eastern hemisphere considerable efforts have
been made by many individuals and research organization around the world to study the engineering of Ferro-cement. This present
study deals with the behavior of Ferro cement deep beams under central point load. A total of 27 rectangular deep beams have been
casted of dimension 125 x 250mm and the lengths of beams have been varied along with the variation of wire mesh and mortar
strength. Before testing, the top surfaces of these beams were white washed, to get a clear picture of crack pattern. Along with these
beams 27 cubes have been casted with the dimensions 7.06 cm x 7.06 cm x 7.06 cm. the compressive strength of mortar is determined.
Keywords: Admixture, Deep Beams, Ferro cement, Shear Span.
--------------------------------------------------------------------***----------------------------------------------------------------------
1. INTRODUCTION
Ferrocement, a composite comprising cement mortar as the
matrix and fine wire mesh as the reinforcement, has been
regarded as a highly versatile construction material. The closer
distribution and uniform dispersion of reinforcement
transform the otherwise brittle matrix into a composite that
exhibits superior performance over conventional reinforced
concrete with respect to cracking, tensile strength, ductility
and impact resistance.
Being thin-walled in nature Ferrocement has found to be most
suited for structures like shells and folded plates, where the
applied load is primarily carried through the action of in-plane
shear and axial stress. When the out-of-plane action becomes
predominant, Ferro cement in its traditional form behaves
rather poorly because of its low flexural rigidity. Efforts have
been made to increase the flexural performance of
Ferrocement by introducing ribs and hollow cores, or resorting
to a sandwich-type construction. Other alternatives include the
use of thin-walled structural sections, typically employed for
steel or fibre-reinforced polymer like box, channel, T- and I-
sections. The uniform distribution and high surface area to
volume ratio of its reinforced results in better crack arrest
mechanism i.e. the propagation of cracks are arrested resulting
in high tensile strength of the material.
Deep beam is a beam having large clear span to depth ratio
and shear span depth ratio less than 2.5 for concentrated load
and less than 5.0 for distributed load. It is a reinforced
concrete member in which the total span or shear span is
exceptionally small in relation to its depth. Deep beams play a
very significant role in design of mega and as well as small
structures. Some times for architectural purposes buildings are
designed without using any column for a very large span.
CIRIA is the Construction Industry Research and Information
Association; it is non-profit distributing organization carrying
out on Research work of behalf of its members. The CIRIA
Guide simple rules for designing reinforced concrete deep
beams of span/depth ratio below 2 for single span or 2.5 for
multi-span The Guide has been prepaid by a team of designers
and has been approve by a panel of assessors as authoritative
statements of the art and of good practice in designing
reinforced concrete deep beams.
Al-Kubaisy and Ned Well [1] studied on the location of the
diagonal crack in ferrocement rectangular beams. The
variables covered in the study were, a/d volume fraction and
compressive strength of the mortar ‘fcu’. The effect of the
volume fraction, Vf on the location critical diagonal crack is
not well defined. It is also concluded that the ACI-ASCE
committee 326 expression for predicting the location of the
diagonal crack in conventional reinforced concrete beams
underestimates the location for ferrocement beams with a/d =
1.0 and over estimates the location for beams with a/d > 1.5.
Mansur, M.A. and Ong, K.C.G. 1987 [2] conducted shear tests
on the ferrocement beam sections and concluded that, the
behavior of these structural sections is similar to that of
structural reinforced ferrocement beams. It is also mentioned
that the ferrocement beams exhibit numerous cracks and
2. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology
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sections are serviceable up to 90% of the ultimate load.
Naaman and Shah’s [3] (1974) work indicated that the stress
level at which the first crack appeared and the crack spacing
were a function of the specific surface of reinforcement. The
ultimate load of the ferrocement specimen was the same as the
load carrying capacity of the reinforcement in that direction.
Desayi [4] proposed a semi empirical formula for predicting
the shear strength of ferrocement elements.
Paramasivam (1986) [5] proposed a method to predict the
ultimate strength of ferrocement in flexure based on the
concept of plastic analysis where ferrocement is
a homogenous perfectly elastic-plastic material. It was found
that the ultimate moment increase with increasing matrix
grade (decreasing water cement ratio) and increasing vol
fraction of reinforcement.
Till today no codal formula is available to assess the shear
strength of ferrocement elements. Thus there is a need to
verify, where the shear resistance equations given by existing
codes of practice for reinforced concrete can be extended to
ferrocement also?
2. EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAMME
2.1 Objectives
1. The aim is to study the shear and flexural beh
ferrocement deep beams and to study the effect of the
following parameter.
a) Volume fraction of reinforcement (V
b) Shear span to overall depth
c) Cube compressive Strength (f
2. To study the load – deflection relationship and shear
behavior.
3. To compare the test ultimate load (Vu) with the design
code (ACI 318-83) and CIRIA guide.
4. To compare the test cracking shear stress (
design code (ACI 318-83) and CIRIA guide
generate a linear empirical equation for predicting the
ultimate strength of ferro-cement deep beams.
3. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION
The experimental investigation includes casting and testing of
27 rectangular deep beams and cubes.
specimens were casted. In Group-A nine beams of size
120mm x 250mm were tested. The parameter considered in
this group is varying shear span to depth ratio (a/h) while the
wire mesh (N) and mortar strength (fcu) were kept constant. In
Group –B, again nine beams of same size were tested. The
parameter considered in this group is varying mortar strength
(fcu) while the shear span to depth ratio (a/h) and wire mesh
(N) were kept constant. In the third group nine beams of size
120mm x 250mm were tested. The parameter considered in
Group-C is number of wire mesh(N) while keeping other
parameters unvaried.
IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319
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2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org
sections are serviceable up to 90% of the ultimate load.
Naaman and Shah’s [3] (1974) work indicated that the stress
level at which the first crack appeared and the crack spacing
ific surface of reinforcement. The
ultimate load of the ferrocement specimen was the same as the
load carrying capacity of the reinforcement in that direction.
Desayi [4] proposed a semi empirical formula for predicting
ements. Mansur and
Paramasivam (1986) [5] proposed a method to predict the
ultimate strength of ferrocement in flexure based on the
concept of plastic analysis where ferrocement is considered as
plastic material. It was found
that the ultimate moment increase with increasing matrix
grade (decreasing water cement ratio) and increasing volume
Till today no codal formula is available to assess the shear
strength of ferrocement elements. Thus there is a need to
verify, where the shear resistance equations given by existing
codes of practice for reinforced concrete can be extended to
EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAMME
1. The aim is to study the shear and flexural behavior of
study the effect of the
Volume fraction of reinforcement (Vf)
Shear span to overall depth ration (a/h)
Cube compressive Strength (fcu)
deflection relationship and shear
) with the design
To compare the test cracking shear stress (τ u) with the
CIRIA guide and too
generate a linear empirical equation for predicting the
cement deep beams.
3. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION
casting and testing of
Three groups of
A nine beams of size
120mm x 250mm were tested. The parameter considered in
this group is varying shear span to depth ratio (a/h) while the
) were kept constant. In
B, again nine beams of same size were tested. The
parameter considered in this group is varying mortar strength
) while the shear span to depth ratio (a/h) and wire mesh
In the third group nine beams of size
The parameter considered in
(N) while keeping other
4. MIX PROPORTIONS
After deciding all the parameters and water cement ratio,
dosage of super-plasticizers
program the cement to sand ratio was varied from 1:1 to 1:2
and w/c ratio from 0.25 to 0.4 based upon the mortar strength
required and to obtain the desired workability a super
plasticizer (HRWA) was used in all the mixes.
5. TEST PROCEDURE:
All beams are simply supported on t
were tested under concentrated single point load.
setup is shown in the Figure
corresponding applied loads were
displacement intervals.
Fig 1 Test setup to determine shear and flexural strength
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86
4. MIX PROPORTIONS
After deciding all the parameters and water cement ratio,
plasticizers was fixed. Throughout the whole
program the cement to sand ratio was varied from 1:1 to 1:2
and w/c ratio from 0.25 to 0.4 based upon the mortar strength
required and to obtain the desired workability a super-
was used in all the mixes.
TEST PROCEDURE:
All beams are simply supported on two edges. All specimens
were tested under concentrated single point load. The test
Figure 1. The deflections and the
corresponding applied loads were recorded at the specified
Test setup to determine shear and flexural strength
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6. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Beam
designation
Parameter to be
investigated
A1
a/hA2
A3
B1
fcuB2
B3
C1
NC2
C3
6.1 Load Deflection Relationship:
Fig 2
Fig
IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319
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Table 1: Details of test specimens
Shear span to
depth ratio
(a/d)
No. of layers of
wire mesh (N)
Total volume
fraction of mesh
reinforcement (V
0.6 3 1.964
0.65 3 1.964
7.0 3 1.964
0.65 3 1.964
0.65 3 1.964
0.65 3 1.964
0.65 1 1.816
0.65 2 1.883
0.65 4 2.026
2 Load-Deflection Behavior of Beams of Group-A
3 Load deflection behavior of beams of Group-B
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Total volume
fraction of mesh
reinforcement (Vf)
Cube
compressive
strength of motar
(fcu)
N/mm2
60
60
60
85
60
40
60
60
60
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Fig
6.2 Cracking Behavior and Modes of Failure
In all specimens, flexural cracks occurred first irrespective of
the study parameters of the present study. As the load was
increased, additional vertical cracks appeared on beam
surface, followed by the formation of diagonal cracks. In the
present study, diagonal tension cracks in the specimens with
a/h> 0.65 generally originated as vertical fle
extended from the tensile surface of the beam to slightly above
the level of the bottom layer of wire mesh then became
inclined and propagated towards the nearer concentrated load.
In cases of beams with shorter shear span (a/h < 0.65).
Diagonal tension cracks originated at about mid
beam and then progressed towards nearer concentrated load
and tensile reinforcement.
The other type of failure occurred in beams with a/h=0.7. This
was typically shear compression failure
crushing of the mortar near the concentrated load.
6.3 Effect of study parameters on the ultimate shear
strength
The figure5 shows that with the increase in the volume
fraction of reinforcement increases the shear strength of
ferrocement beams when the dimensions of the beam and
mortar grade aren’t varied.
IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319
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4 Load deflection behavior of beams of Group-C
Cracking Behavior and Modes of Failure
In all specimens, flexural cracks occurred first irrespective of
present study. As the load was
increased, additional vertical cracks appeared on beam
surface, followed by the formation of diagonal cracks. In the
present study, diagonal tension cracks in the specimens with
a/h> 0.65 generally originated as vertical flexural cracks that
extended from the tensile surface of the beam to slightly above
the level of the bottom layer of wire mesh then became
inclined and propagated towards the nearer concentrated load.
In cases of beams with shorter shear span (a/h < 0.65).
iagonal tension cracks originated at about mid-depth of the
beam and then progressed towards nearer concentrated load
The other type of failure occurred in beams with a/h=0.7. This
was typically shear compression failure characterized by
crushing of the mortar near the concentrated load.
Effect of study parameters on the ultimate shear
shows that with the increase in the volume
fraction of reinforcement increases the shear strength of
beams when the dimensions of the beam and
Fig5 Comparison of test parameter volume fraction of
reinforcement (V
The figure 6 shows that with the decrease in a/h ratio increases
the ultimate shear strength of ferrocement deep beams that
means the length of the beam is only varied and other
parameters such as number of mesh layers and grade of mortar
are kept constant.
Fig 6 Test parameter shear span to depth ratio (a/h)
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Comparison of test parameter volume fraction of
reinforcement (Vf) and (
bh
Vu
)
shows that with the decrease in a/h ratio increases
ultimate shear strength of ferrocement deep beams that
means the length of the beam is only varied and other
parameters such as number of mesh layers and grade of mortar
Test parameter shear span to depth ratio (a/h)
bh
V
sv u
/
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The figure7 below shows that with the increase in the mortar
strength the ultimate strength of ferrocement deep beams
increases and the other test parameters are kept unvaried
during this analysis. The graph shows a linear variation of
shear strength with mortar grade.
Fig 7 Test parameter mortar strength (f
Fig 8 Regression between the parameters
bh
Vu
IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319
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The figure7 below shows that with the increase in the mortar
strength the ultimate strength of ferrocement deep beams
increases and the other test parameters are kept unvaried
during this analysis. The graph shows a linear variation of
(fcu) v/s
bh
Vu
a
hVf
and
bh
fcuu
Fig 9 Comparison of Test and Predicted ultimate shear
6.4 Comparison of experimental ultimate load with
design codes:
The codal provision for the ultimate strength of ferrocement
deep beam given in ACI 318
analysis.
cuuc fbd16.0V =
Where
Vcr = Cracking load in KN
p = Reinforcement ratio = A
Mcr = Bending moment N
6.5 CIRIA Guide:
According to CIRIA Guide:
([ VVV msx1uc +×= βλ
Where
h = depth of beam
concrete.
Vx = concrete shear parameter as tabulated in table
of the CIRIA guide.
Vms = Main steel shear stress parameter as tabulated in
Table -6 of the CIRIA guide.
Vwh = Horizontal web steel as tabulated in table
the CIRIA guide
Vwv = Vertical web steel as tabulated in table
CIRIA guide
β = 1 for deformed bars.
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89
R2
=0.590
R = 0.768
Comparison of Test and Predicted ultimate shear
stresses
Comparison of experimental ultimate load with
The codal provision for the ultimate strength of ferrocement
deep beam given in ACI 318-83 is considered in the present
cr
2
cr
cu
M
dbpV
2.17+ ………….. (1)
Cracking load in KN
Reinforcement ratio = Ast / bd
moment N-mm
According to CIRIA Guide:
)] bhVV wvohms ×++ ………. (2)
depth of beam 44.01 =λ for normal weight
concrete shear parameter as tabulated in table – 4
Main steel shear stress parameter as tabulated in
6 of the CIRIA guide.
Horizontal web steel as tabulated in table – 7 of
the CIRIA guide
Vertical web steel as tabulated in table – 8 of the
deformed bars.
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6.6 Comparison of test ultimate shear stress ( uτ )
with design code:
1) As per ACI 318-83
The available equations for predicting the cracking shear
stress ucτ .
cucr
cr
cu
uc
fM
dpV
2.1716.0
fbd
V
+= …………. (3)
Where
Vcr = Cracking load in KN
p = Reinforcement ratio = Ast / bd
Ast = Area of steel in mm2
Mc r = Bending moment N-mm
2) As per CIRIA Guide:
( )wvohmsx1
uc
VVVV
bh
V
+++×= βλ ………. (4)
Where
44.01 =λ for normal weight concrete.
Vx = concrete shear parameter as tabulated in table – 4
of the CIRIA guide.
Vms = Main steel shear stress parameter as tabulated in
Table -6 of the CIRIA guide.
Vwh = Horizontal web steel as tabulated in table – 7 of
the CIRIA guide
Vwv = Vertical web steel as tabulated in table – 8 of the
CIRIA guide
β = 1 for deformed bars.
6.7 Proposed equation by Mau & Hsu:
The ultimate shear strength is given by
'f3.0)]03.0(4)03.0(K)03.0(K[f
2
1
V cv
2
h
2
hcn ≤+++++= ωωω
…… (5)
With the limitations 26.0'f/f cyhh ≤= ρω and
2.0'f/f cyv ≤ρ . The coefficient K, representing the shear
span effect, is given by.
5.0h/a0for
h
d
2K v
≤<=
0.2h/a5.0for
h3
a2
3
4
a
h
h
d
K v
≤<
−=
0.2h/afor0K >=
6.8 Empirical formula for the ultimate strength of
ferrocement deep beams:
The ultimate strength depends upon the following parameters.
a. Mortar strength (fcu).
b. Ratio of shear span to the depth (a/h)
c. Volume fraction of reinforcement (Vf)
From the earlier discussion it is clear that, a separate formula
for predicting the diagonal cracking strength of ferrocement
elements is necessary.
Shear resistance of ferrocement elements is mainly due to the
contribution of mortar matrix and longitudinal reinforcement.
The results of the present tests are compared. It shows that
there is large difference between the experimental values with
the code values. The ACI code formula Eq. (1) greatly
underestimates the diagonal cracking strength for most of the
beams. In an attempt to develop an expression which might
predict more closely the diagonal cracking strength of beams
over the entire range of parameters covered in this
investigation, the following expression, which is similar to the
one proposed by Zsutty, was selected.
n
fcu
u
a
h
VfK
bh
V
= ……… (6)
Where K and n are constant and fcu is expressed in N/mm2
. A
multiple regression analysis was carried out using the results
of the present tests, which yields K = 2.227 and n = 0.80.
80.0
fcu
u
a
h
Vf227.2
bh
V
= ………. (7)
This is the required expression for estimating the ultimate
shear capacity of ferrocement deep beams. Using this equation
the shear stress of the tested beams are computed and
compared with observed and proposed value. The average of
the observed to the proposed values is 1.631 with S.D. of
0.548 and that of observed to the predicted values is 0.97 with
S.D of 0.268. The correlation coefficient for the present test is.
0.768.
CONCLUSIONS
The diagonal cracking strength of ferrocement increases as the
a/h ratio is decreased or volume fraction of reinforcement and
strength of the mortar are increased. Ferro cement deep beams
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demonstrate excellent crack control characteristics. The
empirical formula
8.0
fcu
u
a
h
Vf227.2
bh
V
(
= ) proposed
here in terms of h and Vf provide good predictions of the
diagonal cracking strength for the entire range of variables
considered in this study.
REFERENCES
[1]. Al-Kubaisy. M.A., and Nedwell, P.J., Location of Critical
Diagonal Crack in Ferrocement Beams, Journal of
Ferrocement, 28 (1998)
[2]. Mansur, M.A. and Ong, K.C.G. 1987. Shear strength of
ferrocement beams. ACI Structural Journal 84(1): 10-17.
[3]. Naaman, A.E.; and Shah, S.P., “Tensile Tests of
Ferrocement,” ACI Journal, Proceeding V.68, No. 9, Sept.
1971, pp. 693-698.
[4]. Desayi, P., and Nandakumar, N., A semi-empirical
approach to predict shear strength of ferrocement, Cement
and Concrete Composities, 17(1995) 207-218.
[5]. Mansur M.A., Paramasivam, P., 1986. Study of Sandwich
Wall Panels Journal of Ferro cement 16(3): 295-313.