Auxins
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Auxins are a specific group of plant hormones that play an important role in plant growth and development. Some key points about auxins include: - They were the first plant hormone discovered. Common auxins include indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). - Auxins are synthesized in root tips, young leaves, and apical buds, and are involved in processes like stem elongation, root initiation, apical dominance, and fruit development. - Their discovery was made through experiments by Charles Darwin, Peter Boysen-Jensen, and Frits Went in the late 19th/early 20th centuries which demonstrated that a signal substance moved through plants and caused differential growth.
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It is only related growth of flower parts (auxin ) and growth of lateral buds (cytokinins).Auxin can't only perform in growrh of flower parts.
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Auxins and gibberellins would enhance stem elongation and fruit growth.
- Auxins promote cell elongation and division, resulting in stem elongation.
- Gibberellins also promote stem elongation by overcoming the inhibitory effect of other hormones.
- Ethylene and cytokinins generally do not directly promote stem or fruit growth. Cytokinins promote cell division but not elongation. Ethylene inhibits stem elongation.
- Abscisic acid and phytochrome are not directly involved in promoting stem or fruit growth. Abscisic acid inhibits growth and phytochrome regulates photoperiodism.
Therefore, the correct answer is A - Auxins and gibberellins.
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Auxins are a group of plant hormones that play a key role in plant growth and development. They stimulate stem and root elongation, promote apical dominance, influence tissue differentiation and organ formation, and are involved in phototropism and gravitropism. Auxins move from areas of high concentration to low concentration through active transport processes. An increase in auxin concentration on one side of a plant organ causes asymmetric growth and bending towards lower auxin levels in response to stimuli like light and gravity. Many synthetic auxins are used commercially in horticulture to promote rooting of cuttings, prevent fruit drop, induce parthenocarpy, and for selective weed control.
Presentation 18 - Plant Hormones
Plant hormones are chemical messengers that are transported within plants and trigger substantial changes even at minute concentrations. They coordinate growth, development, and responses to stimuli. For example, tropisms like phototropism occur when plant organs curve towards or away from a stimulus like light due to the differential growth of cells on opposite sides caused by the distribution of the plant hormone auxin, as shown through experiments by Darwin and Went.
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Plant growth and development are controlled by internal factors like nutrients and plant hormones. There are two main types of plant hormones - auxins and gibberellins. Auxins were the first hormone discovered and promote growth along the vertical axis. Gibberellins were discovered due to a rice disease and cause excessive stem elongation. Both auxin and gibberellins promote cell division and elongation leading to effects like fruit development and delayed senescence.
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Plant hormones or Plant hormones are Auxin, Cytokinin, Gibberellic acid, Abscisic acid and Ethylene. they are also called as Phytohormones or Plant Growth Regulators which play key role in various stages of plant development such as seed germination, shoot formation, root formation, stem elongation, scenescence, abscision, fruit ripining etc.
Plant hormones
Plant growth regulators, also known as plant hormones, are chemicals that alter plant growth. The main plant hormones are auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, and ethylene. Auxins promote cell elongation and root growth. Gibberellins promote cell elongation and division, leading to stem growth. Cytokinins promote cell division. Abscisic acid inhibits growth and promotes leaf and fruit drop. Ethylene promotes fruit ripening and leaf senescence. These hormones precisely control many aspects of plant growth and development.
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Auxins are a class of plant hormones that play a key role in coordinating plant growth and development. The first auxin discovered was indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), which is produced in plant shoots and promotes growth by inhibiting lateral bud development. Auxins govern plant form and architecture by controlling the growth of roots, shoots, leaves and other organs. They allow plants to bend towards light via differential cell elongation. Auxins have many physiological effects including stimulating root growth, fruit development, cell enlargement and division.
Plant growth regulators
Plant growth regulators are chemicals that alter plant growth and development. The main plant hormones are auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, and ethylene. Auxins promote cell elongation and root growth. Gibberellins promote stem elongation and seed germination. Cytokinins promote cell division. Abscisic acid induces dormancy and leaf senescence. Ethylene promotes fruit ripening and senescence. Together these hormones precisely regulate key processes in the plant life cycle.
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Plant hormones are organic compounds produced by plants that regulate various physiological processes. The main classes of plant hormones are auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, and ethylene. Each hormone has distinct functions like cell elongation, fruit development, and stress responses. They act in very low concentrations and often work together through complex interactions to control plant growth and development.
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This document discusses plant growth regulators, specifically auxins. It defines growth and categorizes growth-controlling substances into growth promoters and inhibitors. Auxins are described as growth-promoting substances that were first discovered through experiments showing they promote growth in coleoptiles and cause curvature. The role of auxins is summarized, noting they promote stem elongation, root growth, apical dominance, fruit development, and tropic movements in plants. Auxins are widely used to enhance growth, induce rooting, delay abscission, and produce parthenocarpic and seedless fruits in agriculture.
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Plant growth regulators are small molecules that promote or inhibit plant growth. Growth promoters include auxins, gibberellins, and cytokinins which promote cell division, enlargement, flowering, fruiting, and seed formation. Growth inhibitors like abscisic acid and ethylene promote responses to stresses and wounding and induce dormancy and abscission. Auxins were the first growth regulators discovered and promote rooting, flowering, and fruit retention. Gibberellins promote elongation and flowering while cytokinins promote shoot growth, chloroplast development, and delay senescence. Ethylene promotes fruit ripening and abscission while abscisic acid inhibits seed germination and promotes dormancy and stress responses.
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This document summarizes plant growth regulators (PGRs), which are chemicals that control plant growth and development. PGRs are classified as either promoters or inhibitors. Promoters include auxins, gibberellins, and cytokinins, which stimulate cell division and elongation. Inhibitors include abscisic acid and ethylene, which inhibit growth. The document describes the discovery and functions of the major PGRs: auxins promote flowering and root growth; gibberellins delay senescence and promote bolting; cytokinins promote bud break and cell division; abscisic acid stimulates stomatal closure and seed maturation; and ethylene induces flowering, ripening, and sen
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Five major classes of plant hormones are mentioned:
1. auxins,
2. cytokinins,
3. gibbereilins,
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This document provides an overview of a seminar on plant hormones and growth regulators. It discusses the five major plant hormones: auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, abscisic acid, and ethylene. For each hormone, it describes their classification, discovery, roles in plant growth and development processes like cell division, fruit ripening, dormancy, and responses to environmental stresses. The document aims to inform attendees about the key functions and effects of different plant hormones.
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Plant growth hormone
Plant hormones, also known as phytohormones, regulate growth and development in plants. There are five major classes of plant hormones: auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene, and abscisic acid. Auxins promote cell elongation and differentiation, as well as apical dominance. Gibberellins promote stem elongation. Cytokinins stimulate cell division and differentiation. Ethylene regulates fruit ripening and inhibits stem elongation. Abscisic acid induces seed dormancy. Plant hormones have potential medical applications, as some can inhibit the growth of cancer cells.
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Dr. Divya Sharma discusses plant growth regulators and their roles in plant growth and development. There are internal and external factors that influence plant growth. Hormones called phytohormones regulate many processes including flowering, stem and leaf formation, fruit ripening, and more. The major classes of plant growth regulators are auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, ethylene, and abscisic acid. Auxins promote cell elongation and root formation while cytokinins stimulate cell division and shoot growth. Gibberellins promote stem elongation and flowering. Together these hormones precisely control plant growth and differentiation.
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Carnivorous plants like pitcher plants and Venus fly traps have evolved traps to capture insects and other small animals for nutrients. Pitcher plants have waxy slippery leaves forming pools that drown insects. Venus fly traps have lobes with trigger hairs that snap shut when touched. Sundew plants secrete sticky nectar on tendrils that ensnare prey. Plant growth is regulated internally by hormones like auxins, gibberellins and cytokinins that promote cell division and elongation. Abscisic acid and ethylene inhibit growth. These hormones precisely control seed germination, flowering, fruit ripening and organ shedding.
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Plant shoots bend towards light sources due to the plant hormone auxin. Experiments by Charles Darwin, his son Francis Darwin, and later Peter Boysen-Jensen and F.W. Went showed that the shoot tip perceives light and communicates with the rest of the shoot chemically to cause bending. Went eventually isolated the hormone auxin, which causes differential cell growth on the light and dark sides of shoots and roots, resulting in phototropism and gravitropism. Auxin also influences other growth processes like apical dominance, rooting of cuttings, and fruit development. Gibberellins and cytokinins were also later identified as important plant growth hormones.
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Auxins
- 1. AUXINS Name: Abdul Faizan Reg#: 556-FBAS/BSBT/S14 Course: Cell and Tissue Culture
- 2. Introduction: • Auxins are specific group of hormones that play important role in plant growth and development. • Synthesized at root tip in the presence of sun light. • The term Auxin is derived from the Greek word “Auxien” means to grow or increase. • This is the first plant hormone discovered. • Developmental processes like stem elongation, root initiation, apical dominance, fruit development are controlled by auxin. • The most common Auxin is IAA ( Indole acetic acid)
- 3. Discovery of Auxins: • Charles Darwin: • Darwin and son his discovered that grass seedlings would not bend towards the light if the tip was removed and covered with an opaque cap. • Peter Boysen-Jensen: • They Demonstrated that the signal was a mobile substance. • They placed a gelatin block between the tip and the rest of the plant and demonstrated that the signal diffused through the gelatin. • Frits Went: • Went extracted the chemical messenger and impregnated agar blocks. • The agar blocks were places on various parts of the plant and the plant bent in the opposite direction from which the agar block was placed. Showed that cells opposite of the elongated causing the stem to bend. • The substance was called auxin and produced growth on the opposite side in which it was concentrated.
- 5. Production: • Embryo of seeds • Youngs leaves • Meristem of apical buds
- 6. Functions of Auxins: • It plays important roles in a number of plant activities, including: • Cell division and elongation • Promote flowering • Tropisms (phototropism and gravitropism) • Prevent abscission of fruits and leaves • Fruit development • Apical dominance. • Root initiation and development
- 7. Applications: • Helps in plant propagation • Use as herbicides • Increasing size of fruits
- 8. Video…
- 9. THANKS