More Related Content
What's hot
What's hot (20)
Similar to Sterilization
Similar to Sterilization (20)
More from Anupkumar Sharma
More from Anupkumar Sharma (20)
Recently uploaded
Recently uploaded (20)
Sterilization
- 1. STERILIZATION Mr. A.T. Sharma Assistant Professor Dept. of Pharmaceutics Nanded Pharmacy College, Nanded
- 2. Sterilization • Definition • Methods 1. Physical methods 2. Chemical methods
- 4. Dry Heat Sterilization • Sun light and drying • Red heat • Flaming • Incineration • Hot air oven
- 5. Moist Heat Sterilization • Temperature below 100⁰C Pasteurization: - Holder method - Flash method • Temperature at 100⁰C Tyndallization/ Intermittent or Fractional sterilization • Temperature above 100⁰C Autoclave
- 6. Radiation • Non-ionizing radiations (UV Radiations) • Ionizing radiations (Cold sterilization) - X-rays - Gamma rays - Cathode rays (Electron beam radiations)
- 7. Non-ionizing Radiations • UV in region 2537A⁰ • UV radiation - Electromagnetic spectrum between wavelength of 150-3900A⁰ • Aseptic areas and rooms, hospital OT, aseptic filling rooms, sterile product preparation, food and dairy industries, biological fluids like blood, vaccines • Less penetration power – only surface sterilization • UV lamps • Absorbed by NA of cells – produce abnormal nucleotides – interfere DNA replication
- 8. Ionizing Radiations • X-rays, gamma rays, cathode rays • Lethal to DNA • High penetration power and energy • Oxygen, protective compounds, sensitizing agents, pH, freezing, moisture X-rays: Expensive, difficult to utilize - used to produce microbial mutants
- 9. Gamma rays: • Similar to X-rays • High energy and short wavelength • Radio isotopes of 60Co • Radiant energy hits DNA – ionization – death • Sterilization of packaged food, medical instruments Cathode rays: • A high voltage potential established between a cathode and an anode in an evacuated tube, cathode emits a beam of electrons – cathode rays/electron beams • Instrument – Electron accelerator • Drugs, surgicals, antibiotics, vitamins, vaccines
- 10. Filters • Asbestos filters/ Seitz filters • Sintered glass filters (Fritted glass filter/Morton filter) • Filter candles (Ceramic/ Berkefield filter) • Membrane filter (Millipore/ Ultra filter)
- 11. Seitz Filter
- 13. Filters Candles
- 14. Membrane Filter • Millipore grade, HA: 0.45µm ± 0.02µm (65ml/min/sq.cm) • Millipore grade, GS: 0.22µm ± 0.02µm (22ml/min/sq.cm)
- 16. Gaseous Sterilization • A chemical in gaseous or vapour state • Materials which can not be sterilized by heat • Toxic, unpleasant side effects • Ethylene oxide • Formaldehyde • β-Propiolactone
- 17. Formaldehyde (HCHO) • Conc. Solution of formaldehyde heated • Formalin contains 37-40% formaldehyde • 150 gm of pot. Permanganate in 280ml of formalin – Every 1000 cu. Feet of room volume • Close doors for 48 hours, RH – 70%, Temp. 22⁰C • Combines vital organic nitrogen compounds – Proteins and NA • Poor penetrating power • OT, hospital rooms, aseptic area, microbiology lab
- 18. β-Propiolactone • Heterocyclic ring compound, colourless liquid, b.p. – 155⁰C • 25 times – Formaldehyde • 4000 times – Ethylene oxide • 50000 – Methyl bromide • Conc. 2-5mg/litre • Irritant, carcinogenic
- 19. Ethylene Oxide • Colourless liquid, b.p. 10.8⁰C • Highly inflammable, explosive when mixed with air (more than 3% conc.) • Non-inflammable – mixture with carbon dioxide and fluorinated hydrocarbons (Freons) • Effect – conc. Of gas, temp., moisture, time, accessibility of MO • Alkylation of amino, carboxyl, hydroxyl, sulphdryl groups in enzymes and proteins • Reacts with DNA and RNA • Ethylene oxide ring splits and attaches with enzyme
- 20. Uses: • Heat and moisture sensitive materials • Medical and biological preparations, catgut, plastic equipments, antibiotics, plaster bandages, culture media, hospital beddings, food stuff, heavy equipments, books, clothings, soil
- 21. Terms Used for Expression of Resistance • D-value: Time in minutes at any defined temperature to destroy 90% viable micro-organisms. - D115⁰C , D121⁰C - Indicates efficiency of sterilization process • Z-value: The number of degrees of temperature change required to produce a 10-fold change in D- value. - Relates heat resistance of a micro-organism to changes in temperature
- 22. • F-value: The number of minutes required to kill a known population of MO in a given material under specified conditions. - Usually set at 12 D-values to give a 12 log cycle reduction in microbial count • Q10-value: The increase in reaction rate (killing rate) brought about by a rise in temperature of 10⁰C. - Moist heat: 14, Dry heat: 4, Chemicals: 2 • Inactivation Factor: The degree to which the viable population of organisms is reduced by the treatment applied. - Obtained by dividing the initial viable count by the final viable count IF = 10t/D
- 23. Sterilization Monitors/Indicators Physical Indicators: • Moist heat – MPR/BPR • Dry heat – Temp. record chart – Master temp. Record • Radio sterilization – Plastic dosimeters • Gaseous method – Temp. probe, routine leak test, gas conc., weight of gas, pressure, humidity • Filtration – Bubble point pressure test
- 24. Chemical Indicators: • Browne’s tube • Witness tube • Heat sensitive tapes • Royce sachet • Chemical dosimeters Biological Indicators: • Micro-organisms with suitable carrier distributed through load