Evaluation of Bactericidal and Bacteriostatic (Disinfectant). PHARMACEUTICAL ...Ms. Pooja Bhandare
PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY (BP303T)Unit-III Part-5 Evaluation of Bactericidal and Bacteriostatic (Disinfectant). The common methods used for evaluation of a disinfectant are as follows,
Tube Dilution Method.
Agar Plate Method.
Filter Paper & Cup Plate Method.
Ditch-Plate Method.
Phenol Coefficient Method.
The official phenol coefficient tests include,
Rideal-Walker Test (RW Test).
Chick-Martin Test.
United States FDA Test for Phenol Coefficient. (FDA Test)
The US Association of Official Agricultural Chemists Test (FDA Test)
A. Rideal-Walker Test:
Kelsey Sykes Method
Evaluation of Bactericidal and BacteriostaticRajsingh467604
What are disinfectants?
As per the definition given by WHO ( World health organization ) : a disinfectant is a chemical agent, which destroys or inhibits growth of pathogenic microorganisms in the non-sporing or vegetative state.
Why Evaluation?
Evaluation of disinfectants is used to check the ability or efficacy of any disinfectant against specific microorganisms to establish its effectiveness.
Evaluation tests of bactericide.
1. RIDEAL WALKER TEST
This test is also known as the phenol coefficient test,in which any chemical is compared with phenol for its antimicrobial activity.
The result is shown in the form of phenol coefficient.
▪ If a phenol coefficient of a given test disinfectant is less than 1, it means that disinfectant is less effective than phenol.
▪ If a phenol coefficient of a given test disinfectant is more than 1, it means that disinfectant is more effective than phenol.
Procedure
1.1 Different dilutions of the test disinfectant and phenol are prepared and 5 ml of each dilution is inoculated with 0.5ml of the 24 hour growth culture of the organisms.
1.2 All tubes(Disinfectant + organisms & phenol + organisms) are placed in a water bath ( at 17.5° C)
1.3 Subcultures of each reaction mixture are taken and transferred to 5ml sterile broth at an interval of 2.5 minutes from zero to 10 mintues.
1.4 Broth tubes are incubated at 37° C for 2 to 3 days & examined for the presence or absence of the growth.
1.5 Then the Rideal Walker coefficient is calculated :
2. CHICK MARTIN TEST.
CHICK MARTIN test is performed in the much similar way as the RIDEAL Walker test but with a little variation.
Principle : This test is carried out in the presence of organic matter like 3% human feces or dried yeast.
Procedure
2.1 Serial dilutions of test solution and phenol is prepared in distilled water.
2.2 To this 3% yeast suspension is also added.
2.3 To this solution the S. typhi is added
2.4 After contact time of 30 mins the above mixture is transferred to the freshly prepared 10 ml of broth.
2.5 The test tubes are incubated at 37°C for 48 hours.
2.6 Presence or absence of the growth is calculated.
Evaluation tests of Bacteriostatic.
1. Tube dilution & Agar plate Method
1.1 The chemical agent is incorporated into nutrient broth or agar medium and inoculated with test micro-organisms.
1.2 These tubes are incubated at 30° TO 35°C for 2 to 3 days and then the results in the form of turbidity or colonies are observed.
1.3 The results are recorded and the activity of the given disinfectant is compared.
2. Cup plate method
2.1 Agar is melted and cooled at 45° Celsius.
2.2 Then inoculated with test micro-organisms and poured into a sterile petri plate.
2.3 In the cup plate method, when the inoculated agar has solidified, holes around 8mm in diameter are cut in the medium with a steel cork borer.
2.4 Now the antimicrobial agents are directly placed in the holes.
Preservation of pharmaceutical products using antimicrobial agents. PHARMACEU...Ms. Pooja Bhandare
PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY (BP303T)Unit-VPart-3
Preservation of pharmaceutical products using antimicrobial agents.
Introduction. Ideal Properties of Preservatives:
Antimicrobial Chemical Preservatives
Development of a Preservative System.
Factors affecting efficacy of a preservative: 1. Interaction With components of the formulation
2. Properties of the Preservatives:
3) Effect of Containers.
4) Type of microbes:
5) Influence of pH:
Challenge Test: Efficacy Test of Preservative : Medium used, Choice of test organism:
Preparation of the inoculum:
Procedure:
Interpretation of Results:
PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY (BP303T) Unit-III Part-1 Study of morphology, cla...Ms. Pooja Bhandare
PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY (BP303T)Unit-IIIPart-1Study of morphology, classification, reproduction/replication and cultivation of fungi, Introduction fungi. Morphological Characteristics of fungi, CLASSIFICATION: Depending on cell morphology, fungi can be divided into 4 classes:
Moulds Yeasts ,Yeast like fungi and
Dimorphic fungi
Depending on their sexual spores formation fungi are divided into 4 classes:
Zygomycetes Ascomycetes
Basidiomycetes Dueteromycetes
Reproduction and sporulation;Vegetative, Asexual
and Sexual
Vegetative reproduction: Fragmentation ,Fission, budding, Sclerotia Rhizomorphs
Asexual reproduction: Zoospores
Sporangiospore, Conidia
Oidia Uredospores ,Basidiospores
Sexual reproduction:Planogametic copulation: Isogamy Heterogamy
Gametangial contact
Gametangial copulation Spermatization Somatogamy CULTIVATION OF FUNGI: Brain Heart Infusion (BHT) agar
Czapek’s agar
Mycobiotic agar Inhibitory mold agar (IMA)
Potato dextrose agar
Sabouraud’s dextrose agar (SDA):
Sabouraud’s heart infusion (SABHI) agar
Potato Flake agar
Potato dextrose-yeast extract agar (PDYA)
. Cornmeal agar
Malt extract agar (MEA)
Evaluation of the efficiency of sterilization methods.Sterility indicatorsMs. Pooja Bhandare
Evaluation of the efficiency of sterilization methods.Sterility indicators
Sterility criteria: Bioburden ,Sensitivity of microorganisms
Death rate or Survivor curve,D- Value or Decimal reduction time,Z- value or Thermal reduction time, f- value, Q10 Value or Temperature Coefficient, Inactivation Factor:
STERILITY INDICATORS : Physical Indicators, Chemical Indicators
Biological Indicators
1. Physical Indicators: i) Moist heat Indicator ii) Dry heat iii) Radio sterilization iv) Gaseous methods v) Filtration 2.CHEMICAL INDICATORS : I) Browne’s tubes II) WITTNESS TUBES IV) Royce Sachet V) Chemical Dosimeter 3.BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS
VIRUS PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY (BP303T)Unit-IIIPart-2Study of morphology, ...Ms. Pooja Bhandare
PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY (BP303T)Unit-IIIPart-2Study of morphology, classification, reproduction/replication and cultivation of Virus. Introduction, Def General characteristics of Viruses: small size characteristic shapes, obligate intracellular parasites no built-in metabolic machinery no ribosomes
only one type of nucleic acid
do not grow in size. Morphology of Virus: Helical, Polyhedral (Icosahedral) Viral Envelop, Complex virus, Classification of virus. Viral Replication LIFE CYCLE OF BACTIRIOPHAGES Lytic cycle: Attachment, Penetration, Biosynthesis, Maturation and Release of progeny Phage Particles. The Lysogenic Cycle, Cultivation of virus : Animal inoculation, Embryonated eggs or chick embryo method and Tissue culture or cell culture: Organ cultures Explant culture and Cell culture. Types of cell culture
1.Primary cell culture: 2. Diploid cell culture (Semi-continuous cell lines):3. Heteroploid cultures (Continuous cell lines):
MULTIPLICATION OF HUMAN VIRUS:1. Attachment of Viral Particles 2. Penetration 3. Uncoating 4. Replication Of Viral Nucleic Acids And Translation Of The Genome 5) Maturation Or Assembly Of Virions. ) 6. Release Of Virions Into The Surrounding Environment
Evaluation of Bactericidal and Bacteriostatic (Disinfectant). PHARMACEUTICAL ...Ms. Pooja Bhandare
PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY (BP303T)Unit-III Part-5 Evaluation of Bactericidal and Bacteriostatic (Disinfectant). The common methods used for evaluation of a disinfectant are as follows,
Tube Dilution Method.
Agar Plate Method.
Filter Paper & Cup Plate Method.
Ditch-Plate Method.
Phenol Coefficient Method.
The official phenol coefficient tests include,
Rideal-Walker Test (RW Test).
Chick-Martin Test.
United States FDA Test for Phenol Coefficient. (FDA Test)
The US Association of Official Agricultural Chemists Test (FDA Test)
A. Rideal-Walker Test:
Kelsey Sykes Method
Evaluation of Bactericidal and BacteriostaticRajsingh467604
What are disinfectants?
As per the definition given by WHO ( World health organization ) : a disinfectant is a chemical agent, which destroys or inhibits growth of pathogenic microorganisms in the non-sporing or vegetative state.
Why Evaluation?
Evaluation of disinfectants is used to check the ability or efficacy of any disinfectant against specific microorganisms to establish its effectiveness.
Evaluation tests of bactericide.
1. RIDEAL WALKER TEST
This test is also known as the phenol coefficient test,in which any chemical is compared with phenol for its antimicrobial activity.
The result is shown in the form of phenol coefficient.
▪ If a phenol coefficient of a given test disinfectant is less than 1, it means that disinfectant is less effective than phenol.
▪ If a phenol coefficient of a given test disinfectant is more than 1, it means that disinfectant is more effective than phenol.
Procedure
1.1 Different dilutions of the test disinfectant and phenol are prepared and 5 ml of each dilution is inoculated with 0.5ml of the 24 hour growth culture of the organisms.
1.2 All tubes(Disinfectant + organisms & phenol + organisms) are placed in a water bath ( at 17.5° C)
1.3 Subcultures of each reaction mixture are taken and transferred to 5ml sterile broth at an interval of 2.5 minutes from zero to 10 mintues.
1.4 Broth tubes are incubated at 37° C for 2 to 3 days & examined for the presence or absence of the growth.
1.5 Then the Rideal Walker coefficient is calculated :
2. CHICK MARTIN TEST.
CHICK MARTIN test is performed in the much similar way as the RIDEAL Walker test but with a little variation.
Principle : This test is carried out in the presence of organic matter like 3% human feces or dried yeast.
Procedure
2.1 Serial dilutions of test solution and phenol is prepared in distilled water.
2.2 To this 3% yeast suspension is also added.
2.3 To this solution the S. typhi is added
2.4 After contact time of 30 mins the above mixture is transferred to the freshly prepared 10 ml of broth.
2.5 The test tubes are incubated at 37°C for 48 hours.
2.6 Presence or absence of the growth is calculated.
Evaluation tests of Bacteriostatic.
1. Tube dilution & Agar plate Method
1.1 The chemical agent is incorporated into nutrient broth or agar medium and inoculated with test micro-organisms.
1.2 These tubes are incubated at 30° TO 35°C for 2 to 3 days and then the results in the form of turbidity or colonies are observed.
1.3 The results are recorded and the activity of the given disinfectant is compared.
2. Cup plate method
2.1 Agar is melted and cooled at 45° Celsius.
2.2 Then inoculated with test micro-organisms and poured into a sterile petri plate.
2.3 In the cup plate method, when the inoculated agar has solidified, holes around 8mm in diameter are cut in the medium with a steel cork borer.
2.4 Now the antimicrobial agents are directly placed in the holes.
Preservation of pharmaceutical products using antimicrobial agents. PHARMACEU...Ms. Pooja Bhandare
PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY (BP303T)Unit-VPart-3
Preservation of pharmaceutical products using antimicrobial agents.
Introduction. Ideal Properties of Preservatives:
Antimicrobial Chemical Preservatives
Development of a Preservative System.
Factors affecting efficacy of a preservative: 1. Interaction With components of the formulation
2. Properties of the Preservatives:
3) Effect of Containers.
4) Type of microbes:
5) Influence of pH:
Challenge Test: Efficacy Test of Preservative : Medium used, Choice of test organism:
Preparation of the inoculum:
Procedure:
Interpretation of Results:
PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY (BP303T) Unit-III Part-1 Study of morphology, cla...Ms. Pooja Bhandare
PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY (BP303T)Unit-IIIPart-1Study of morphology, classification, reproduction/replication and cultivation of fungi, Introduction fungi. Morphological Characteristics of fungi, CLASSIFICATION: Depending on cell morphology, fungi can be divided into 4 classes:
Moulds Yeasts ,Yeast like fungi and
Dimorphic fungi
Depending on their sexual spores formation fungi are divided into 4 classes:
Zygomycetes Ascomycetes
Basidiomycetes Dueteromycetes
Reproduction and sporulation;Vegetative, Asexual
and Sexual
Vegetative reproduction: Fragmentation ,Fission, budding, Sclerotia Rhizomorphs
Asexual reproduction: Zoospores
Sporangiospore, Conidia
Oidia Uredospores ,Basidiospores
Sexual reproduction:Planogametic copulation: Isogamy Heterogamy
Gametangial contact
Gametangial copulation Spermatization Somatogamy CULTIVATION OF FUNGI: Brain Heart Infusion (BHT) agar
Czapek’s agar
Mycobiotic agar Inhibitory mold agar (IMA)
Potato dextrose agar
Sabouraud’s dextrose agar (SDA):
Sabouraud’s heart infusion (SABHI) agar
Potato Flake agar
Potato dextrose-yeast extract agar (PDYA)
. Cornmeal agar
Malt extract agar (MEA)
Evaluation of the efficiency of sterilization methods.Sterility indicatorsMs. Pooja Bhandare
Evaluation of the efficiency of sterilization methods.Sterility indicators
Sterility criteria: Bioburden ,Sensitivity of microorganisms
Death rate or Survivor curve,D- Value or Decimal reduction time,Z- value or Thermal reduction time, f- value, Q10 Value or Temperature Coefficient, Inactivation Factor:
STERILITY INDICATORS : Physical Indicators, Chemical Indicators
Biological Indicators
1. Physical Indicators: i) Moist heat Indicator ii) Dry heat iii) Radio sterilization iv) Gaseous methods v) Filtration 2.CHEMICAL INDICATORS : I) Browne’s tubes II) WITTNESS TUBES IV) Royce Sachet V) Chemical Dosimeter 3.BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS
VIRUS PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY (BP303T)Unit-IIIPart-2Study of morphology, ...Ms. Pooja Bhandare
PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY (BP303T)Unit-IIIPart-2Study of morphology, classification, reproduction/replication and cultivation of Virus. Introduction, Def General characteristics of Viruses: small size characteristic shapes, obligate intracellular parasites no built-in metabolic machinery no ribosomes
only one type of nucleic acid
do not grow in size. Morphology of Virus: Helical, Polyhedral (Icosahedral) Viral Envelop, Complex virus, Classification of virus. Viral Replication LIFE CYCLE OF BACTIRIOPHAGES Lytic cycle: Attachment, Penetration, Biosynthesis, Maturation and Release of progeny Phage Particles. The Lysogenic Cycle, Cultivation of virus : Animal inoculation, Embryonated eggs or chick embryo method and Tissue culture or cell culture: Organ cultures Explant culture and Cell culture. Types of cell culture
1.Primary cell culture: 2. Diploid cell culture (Semi-continuous cell lines):3. Heteroploid cultures (Continuous cell lines):
MULTIPLICATION OF HUMAN VIRUS:1. Attachment of Viral Particles 2. Penetration 3. Uncoating 4. Replication Of Viral Nucleic Acids And Translation Of The Genome 5) Maturation Or Assembly Of Virions. ) 6. Release Of Virions Into The Surrounding Environment
Types of spoilage, factors affecting the microbial spoilage of pharmaceutical...Ms. Pooja Bhandare
PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY (BP303T)Unit-V Part-1
Types of spoilage, factors affecting the microbial spoilage of pharmaceutical products, source and type of contaminants. Introduction: Defintion Types of Microbial Spoilage:
1. Infection induced due to contaminated pharmaceutical products: Table no. 1.1 Common pathogens spoiling pharmaceutical products:
2. Physicochemical spoilage –
i) Viable growth ii) Gas production
iii) Colouration / Decolouration
iv) Odour formation
v) Taste change
3. Physical Spoilage:
Cracking of emulsion:
Odor changes
4. Biological spoilage:
Microbial Toxins
Microbial Metabolites
5. Chemical spoilage: Table 1.2 Susceptibility of pharmaceutical ingredients to microbial contamination
Factors affecting microbial spoilage
Size of contaminant inoculum
Nutritional factors
Moisture content
pH
Storage temperature
Redox potential
Packaging design
Sources and Types Of Contamination:
Personnel,
Poor facility design,
Incoming ventilation air,
Machinery and other equipment for production,
Raw material and semi-finished material,
Packaging material,
Utilities,
Different media used in the production process as well as for cleaning and Cleanroom clothing.
Disinfectant - Pharmaceutical microbiology (Second year b.pharm) (3rd semester)Kiran Shinde
Prof.Mr.Kiran K. Shinde (M.Pharm), Assistant professor (VNIPRC)
Pharmaceutical microbiology (Second year b.pharm) (3rd semester)
Introduction
Classification & mode of action of disinfectant
Factors affecting disinfectant, antiseptics & their evaluation
Evaluation of bacteriostatic & bactericidal
Factors affecting action of Disinfectants and Factors Affecting Choice Of Ant...Ms. Pooja Bhandare
PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY (BP303T)Unit-III. Factors affecting action of Disinfectants and Factors Affecting Choice Of Antimicrobial Agent: Concentration of the disinfectant.
Chemical Structure of the disinfectant.
Formulation of the disinfectant.
Interfering substances in the environment.
pH of the surrounding.
Potentiation and antagonism of the disinfectants.
Surface Tension.
Temperature.
Time of Contact.
Type and no. of microbes present.
FACTORS AFFECTING CHOICE OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT:
Properties of chemical agents
Environment
Types of microorganisms
Intended application
Toxicity agents
Culture state
Classification and mode of action of disinfectants PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOG...Ms. Pooja Bhandare
PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY (BP303T)Unit-III Classification and mode of action of disinfectants. DISINFECTANT
Definition: Ideal properties of disinfectants: CLASSIFICATION OF DISINFECTANTS: Based on consistency 1. Liquid (E.g., Alcohols, Phenols) 2.Gaseous (Formaldehyde vapor, Ethylene oxide). Based on spectrum of activity 1. High level disinfectant
2. Intermediate level disinfectant
3. Low level disinfectant .Based on mechanism of action: 1.Action on membrane2.Denaturation of cellular proteins 3.Damage to nucleic acids 4.Oxidation of essential sulfhydryl groups of enzymes 5.Alkylation of amino-, carboxyl- and hydroxyl group. MODE OF ACTION AND APPICATION OF DISINFECTANT
Acid and alkalies
Halogens
Heavy metals
Phenols and its derivatives
Alcohol
Aldehydes
Dyes:
Quaternary ammonium compounds
Detergents and soaps.
The presentation focuses on theoretical aspect of size separation of pharmaceutical materials. It also includes the principle, construction, working, uses, advantages & disadvantages of equipments like sieves, sieve shaker, cyclone separator, air separator, bag filter etc.
Disinfection, Definition, classification,Mode of action, factors affecting & ...someshwar mankar
Disinfection, Definition, classification,Mode of action, factors affecting & Evaluation of disinfectant as per bacteriostatic & Bacteriocidal action
Department of Pharmaceutics,PRCOP,Loni
Terminology
Introduction of Disinfectants
Classification of Disinfectants
Mode of action of Disinfectants
Factors affecting Disinfection
Evaluation of Anti-microbial agents and Disinfectants
Morphology, Classification, Cultivation and Reproduction of FungiKrutika Pardeshi
This presentation is Useful for B. Pharmacy SEM III Students to study the Topic Fungi According to PCI Syllabus.
It Consist of Morpholoy of Fungi, Cultivation , Reproduction and Classification of Fungi.
Microbiological Assay of Vitamin & Amino acid Assessment of a New Antibiotic...Ms. Pooja Bhandare
PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY (BP303T) Unit-IV Part-3
Microbiological Assay of Vitamin & Amino acid Assessment of a New Antibiotic: Introduction:
Principle
Microbiological Assay of Cynocobalamin (Vitamin B12):
Tritrimetric Method.
Turbidimetric Method.
Preparation of Standard Cynocobalmine stock solution:
Preparation of Basal Medium Stock Solution:
Test Solution of the material to be assayed Preparation of inoculum: Procedure of Titrimetric method: Turbidimetric Method: Microbiological assay of Amino acids. Assessment of a New Antibiotic.
Introduction:
MIC of an antibiotic is tested either by one of the following ways,
Liquid Dilution Method.
Solid Dilution Method
Principles and methods of different microbiological assay, methods for standa...Ms. Pooja Bhandare
PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY (BP303T)Unit-IV Part-2 Principles and methods of different microbiological assay, methods for standardization of antibiotics.
Introduction: Principles Advantages of Microbial Assay: Disadvantages of Microbial Assay: MICROBIOLOGICAL ASSAY OF ANIBIOTICS PRINCIPLE Media used for antibiotics assay Standard Preparation. Buffer Solutions Preparation of the Sample Solution: Test Organisms Preparation of inoculum: Methods of preparation of test organism suspension: Assay Methods: Method A: Cup-plate or Cylinder Plate Method.
Method B: Turbidimetric or Tube assay Method
SUBJECT:-Pharmaceutical engineering 1
CONTENTS
-general study of composition
-properties
factors affecting the selection of material of pharmaceutical plant
-construction with special reference to S.S and glass
Types of spoilage, factors affecting the microbial spoilage of pharmaceutical...Ms. Pooja Bhandare
PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY (BP303T)Unit-V Part-1
Types of spoilage, factors affecting the microbial spoilage of pharmaceutical products, source and type of contaminants. Introduction: Defintion Types of Microbial Spoilage:
1. Infection induced due to contaminated pharmaceutical products: Table no. 1.1 Common pathogens spoiling pharmaceutical products:
2. Physicochemical spoilage –
i) Viable growth ii) Gas production
iii) Colouration / Decolouration
iv) Odour formation
v) Taste change
3. Physical Spoilage:
Cracking of emulsion:
Odor changes
4. Biological spoilage:
Microbial Toxins
Microbial Metabolites
5. Chemical spoilage: Table 1.2 Susceptibility of pharmaceutical ingredients to microbial contamination
Factors affecting microbial spoilage
Size of contaminant inoculum
Nutritional factors
Moisture content
pH
Storage temperature
Redox potential
Packaging design
Sources and Types Of Contamination:
Personnel,
Poor facility design,
Incoming ventilation air,
Machinery and other equipment for production,
Raw material and semi-finished material,
Packaging material,
Utilities,
Different media used in the production process as well as for cleaning and Cleanroom clothing.
Disinfectant - Pharmaceutical microbiology (Second year b.pharm) (3rd semester)Kiran Shinde
Prof.Mr.Kiran K. Shinde (M.Pharm), Assistant professor (VNIPRC)
Pharmaceutical microbiology (Second year b.pharm) (3rd semester)
Introduction
Classification & mode of action of disinfectant
Factors affecting disinfectant, antiseptics & their evaluation
Evaluation of bacteriostatic & bactericidal
Factors affecting action of Disinfectants and Factors Affecting Choice Of Ant...Ms. Pooja Bhandare
PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY (BP303T)Unit-III. Factors affecting action of Disinfectants and Factors Affecting Choice Of Antimicrobial Agent: Concentration of the disinfectant.
Chemical Structure of the disinfectant.
Formulation of the disinfectant.
Interfering substances in the environment.
pH of the surrounding.
Potentiation and antagonism of the disinfectants.
Surface Tension.
Temperature.
Time of Contact.
Type and no. of microbes present.
FACTORS AFFECTING CHOICE OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT:
Properties of chemical agents
Environment
Types of microorganisms
Intended application
Toxicity agents
Culture state
Classification and mode of action of disinfectants PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOG...Ms. Pooja Bhandare
PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY (BP303T)Unit-III Classification and mode of action of disinfectants. DISINFECTANT
Definition: Ideal properties of disinfectants: CLASSIFICATION OF DISINFECTANTS: Based on consistency 1. Liquid (E.g., Alcohols, Phenols) 2.Gaseous (Formaldehyde vapor, Ethylene oxide). Based on spectrum of activity 1. High level disinfectant
2. Intermediate level disinfectant
3. Low level disinfectant .Based on mechanism of action: 1.Action on membrane2.Denaturation of cellular proteins 3.Damage to nucleic acids 4.Oxidation of essential sulfhydryl groups of enzymes 5.Alkylation of amino-, carboxyl- and hydroxyl group. MODE OF ACTION AND APPICATION OF DISINFECTANT
Acid and alkalies
Halogens
Heavy metals
Phenols and its derivatives
Alcohol
Aldehydes
Dyes:
Quaternary ammonium compounds
Detergents and soaps.
The presentation focuses on theoretical aspect of size separation of pharmaceutical materials. It also includes the principle, construction, working, uses, advantages & disadvantages of equipments like sieves, sieve shaker, cyclone separator, air separator, bag filter etc.
Disinfection, Definition, classification,Mode of action, factors affecting & ...someshwar mankar
Disinfection, Definition, classification,Mode of action, factors affecting & Evaluation of disinfectant as per bacteriostatic & Bacteriocidal action
Department of Pharmaceutics,PRCOP,Loni
Terminology
Introduction of Disinfectants
Classification of Disinfectants
Mode of action of Disinfectants
Factors affecting Disinfection
Evaluation of Anti-microbial agents and Disinfectants
Morphology, Classification, Cultivation and Reproduction of FungiKrutika Pardeshi
This presentation is Useful for B. Pharmacy SEM III Students to study the Topic Fungi According to PCI Syllabus.
It Consist of Morpholoy of Fungi, Cultivation , Reproduction and Classification of Fungi.
Microbiological Assay of Vitamin & Amino acid Assessment of a New Antibiotic...Ms. Pooja Bhandare
PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY (BP303T) Unit-IV Part-3
Microbiological Assay of Vitamin & Amino acid Assessment of a New Antibiotic: Introduction:
Principle
Microbiological Assay of Cynocobalamin (Vitamin B12):
Tritrimetric Method.
Turbidimetric Method.
Preparation of Standard Cynocobalmine stock solution:
Preparation of Basal Medium Stock Solution:
Test Solution of the material to be assayed Preparation of inoculum: Procedure of Titrimetric method: Turbidimetric Method: Microbiological assay of Amino acids. Assessment of a New Antibiotic.
Introduction:
MIC of an antibiotic is tested either by one of the following ways,
Liquid Dilution Method.
Solid Dilution Method
Principles and methods of different microbiological assay, methods for standa...Ms. Pooja Bhandare
PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY (BP303T)Unit-IV Part-2 Principles and methods of different microbiological assay, methods for standardization of antibiotics.
Introduction: Principles Advantages of Microbial Assay: Disadvantages of Microbial Assay: MICROBIOLOGICAL ASSAY OF ANIBIOTICS PRINCIPLE Media used for antibiotics assay Standard Preparation. Buffer Solutions Preparation of the Sample Solution: Test Organisms Preparation of inoculum: Methods of preparation of test organism suspension: Assay Methods: Method A: Cup-plate or Cylinder Plate Method.
Method B: Turbidimetric or Tube assay Method
SUBJECT:-Pharmaceutical engineering 1
CONTENTS
-general study of composition
-properties
factors affecting the selection of material of pharmaceutical plant
-construction with special reference to S.S and glass
Pharmacology of commonly used antisep, disinfect, insecticideMr. Dipti sorte
Slides are prepared as per INC Syllabus Unit III Antiseptics & Disinfectants and it is most benefited for B sc Nursing students and faculty of the subject
Sanitizer Application for Postharvest Waterawszelak
Discover the options that are out there, the pros and cons of commonly used sanitizers, the National Organic Program standards for postharvest sanitizers, interpreting sanitizer labels, how to monitor their concentrations and more.
Cleaning agents are available in liquid and powder form and come in different sizes. They are also available as mildly alkaline or alkaline. The mildly alkaline cleaning agents are ideal for soiling such as blood and protein. Alkaline cleaning agents are suitable for a variety of soiling and for stubborn soiling. Liquid agents are particular easy to handle when dispensed via dispenser pumps.
A detailed summary of all the possible chemical disinfectants used in hospital sterilization procedures. Innovative pictures and brief explanations of all important topics clearly illustrated.........
MULTIDISCIPLINRY NATURE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES.pptxAnupkumar Sharma
The presentation focuses on the multidisciplinary and diverse nature of the environmental science. It describes definitions of an environment and environmental science, scope of environmental science, renewable and nonrenewable natural resources. It also describes various aspects of forest resources like Forest Coverage Status in India, Forest Distribution in India, Over Usage of Forests, Consumption Status of Wood in India, Causes & Solutions for Deforestation.
MICROBIAL BIOTRANSFORMATION & ITS APPLICATIONS.pptxAnupkumar Sharma
The presentation focuses on the method of microbial biotransformation and various reactions involved in the process. It also describes the various applications of microbial biotransformation.
The presentation focuses on various modes of genetic recombination in bacteria like conjugation, transduction, transformation. It describes Hfr and F- Cross, F+ and F- Cross, specialized and generalized transduction, transformation. It also an idea about plasmids and transposons with their applications.
CONCEPT OF MUTATION AND ITS CLASSIFICATION .pptxAnupkumar Sharma
The presentation focuses on the concept of mutation and its different types of classifications.
It describes the different types of mutagens, classification of mutations based on its transmission, based on its effect on encoded protein and based on its effect on the functions of proteins.
PRINCIPLE & APPLICATIONS OF IMMUNO BLOTTING TECHNIQUES.pptxAnupkumar Sharma
The presentation focuses on the ELISA and immunoblotting techniques like southern blotting, western blotting etc.
It describes principle, method, advantages and disadvantages and applications of different types of ELISA, steps involves and applications of western blotting and southern blotting techniques.
MECHANISMS OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF HYPERSENITIVITY REACTIONS.pptxAnupkumar Sharma
The presentation focuses on the various types of hypersensitivity reactions. It describes various points like definition and classification of hypersensitivity reactions, general description, symptoms, mechanisms and examples of Type-I, Type-II, Type-III and Type-IV hypersensitivity reactions.
Production of Monoclonal Antibodies by Hybridoma Technology.pptxAnupkumar Sharma
The presentation includes the information about the production of monoclonal antibodies by hybridoma technology. The slides focus on the points like monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, steps involved in hybridoma technology and its analytical, diagnostic, therapeutic and some miscellaneous applications. It also includes some marketed products of monoclonal antibodies.
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2. Disinfectants
• Definition
• Antiseptics
• Properties of an ideal disinfectant:
Broad spectrum
Non toxic
Fast acting
Odourless
Surface compatibility
Economical
Easy to use
Solubility and miscibility
Not affected by physical factors
Stable on storage
3. Classification
• Acids and alkalies
• Halogens
• Heavy metals
• Phenol and its derivatives
• Alcohols
• Aldehydes
• Quaternary ammonium compounds
• Dyes
• Detergents and soaps
4. Acids and Alkalies
• H+ and OH- ion concentrations
• Strong as well as weak acids
• Alakalies like NaOH, NH4OH
Halogens
• Cl, Br, I, F
Chlorine:
• Organic, inorganic, gas
• Formation of hypochlorous acid
Cl2 + H2O → HCl + HClO
2 HClO → 2HCl + O2
5. • Oxygen – Oxidising agent
• Clorine combines with proteins and enzymes
• Calcium hypochlorite and sodium hypochlorite
• Open wounds, athelete’s foot
Iodine:
o Sporicidal, fungicidal, virucidal
o Weak Iodine Solution BP, Aqueous Iodine
Solution BP
o Iodophores
o Oxidising agent – Innactivates metabolic
compounds
6. Heavy Metals
• Mercury, silver, copper
• Combine with cellular components
Enzyme
• Coagulate cytoplasmic proteins
8. Phenol and its derivatives
• Distillation of coal tar
• Lister (1867) – Antiseptic surgery
• Evaluation Standard
• Cresol with soap solution and an alkali (Lysol)
• Hexylresorcinol – mouth washes, gargles,
cough drops
• Disruption of cells, precipitation of cell
proteins, inactivation of enzymes, leakage of
amino acids
14. Dyes
• Acridine dyes
o Acriflavine, Proflavine, Enflavine
o Effecitve against Gram positive bacteria
o Impair DNA complexes
o Burns, ophthalmic applications, bladder irrigation
• Triphenylmethane dyes
o Brilliant green, Malachite green, Crystal violet
o Inhibit Gram positive bacteria
o Crystal violet – fungicide
o Interfere with cellular oxidation processes
16. Detergents and Soaps
• SAA, wetting agents, emulsifiers
• Cationic (SAA) – Quat. Amm. Compounds
e.g. cetrimide, benzalkonium chloride
• Anionic compounds – e.g. Sodium lauryl
sulphate, soaps
• Non-ionic detergents - not used
• Amphoteric compounds – detergents +
disinfectants
e.g. Tego Compounds ( AA of high mol. wt.)
17. Factors affecting Disinfectant Action
• Concentration of disinfectant
• Temperature
• Time of contact
• pH of environment
• Surface tension
• Formulation of disinfectant
• Chemical structure of disinfectant
• Type and number of micro-organisms
• Interfering substances
• Potentiation, synergism, antagonism of disinfectants
20. Time of Contact
• Sufficient time
• Principle of First order kinetics
21. pH of Environment
• Change in pH – rate of growth, potency of
disinfectant, ability to combine
• pH 6-8 – optimum
Surface Tension
• Surfactant property improves contact
• Adsorption, wetting, spreading
• Soap with crude phenol
22. Formulation of Disinfectant
• Chlorhexidine and QUATS – 70% alcohol
• Iodine – alcohol/ KI
• Iodine with SAA
• Concentrated solution – convenient, economic
Chemical Structure of Disinfectant
• Substitution of an alkyl group up to 6 carbons
– para position to phenolic –OH group
• Halogenation of phenol
• Nitration of phenol
23. Type and No. of MO
• Bacterial spores
• Aldehyde – sporicidal
• Aldehydes and halogens + β-propiolactone – Virucidal
• Iodine, formaldehyde, alcohol, phenolic compounds –
acid fast bacteria
Interfering Substances
• Blood, body fluids, pus, milk, food residues,
colloidal proteins
• Adsorption/ chemical reaction/ shielding
• Oils/ fats
25. Evaluation of Disinfectants
• Tube dilution and agar plate method
• Filter paper and cup plate method
• Ditch-plate method
• Phenol coefficient method
• Kelsey Sykes method
26. Tube dilution and agar plate method
(Serial dilution method)
• Chemical agent added in to nutrient broth/
agar medium
• Inoculation
• Incubation
• Turbidity/ colonies
• Activity compared
28. Cup plate/ Cylinder plate/filter paper disc method
• Agar inoculated with MO poured in petri dish
• Solidified, holes of 9mm diameter
• Antimicrobial agent placed
• Incubated
• Diameter of zone of inhibition observed
29. Ditch-plate method
• Ditch prepared in agar plate
• Antimicrobial solution added
• Test MO streaked
• Width of zone of inhibition – relative activity
30. Phenol Coefficient Test
• Phenol as a reference
• MO added in rising dilutions of phenol and disinfectant
• U.K. – Salmonella typhi
• U.S.A. – S. typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas
aeruginosa
o Rideal-Walker test (RW Test)
o Chick- Martin test (CM Test)
o United States Food and Drug Administration Test (FDA
Test)
o The US Association of Official Agricultural Chemist
Test (AQAC Test)
31. RW Test
• Rideal-Walker broth, S. typhi
• Dilutions of phenol and disinfectant prepared
• 5ml dilution inoculated with 0.5ml of culture
• TT placed in water bath (17.5⁰C)
• Transferred to 5ml sterile bath after 2.5, 5, 7.5,
10 minutes
• Incubated at 37⁰C for 48 to 72 hrs
• Examined
34. Advantages:
• Inexpensive, quick
• Reproducible
• Eliminate useless products
• Standard for crude preparations
Disadvantages:
• Only one MO
• One concentration, fixed death time, temperature
• Organic matter
• Tissue toxicity
• Sampling errors
• Effect of dilution
• Phenolic disinfectants only
35. Kelsey – Sykes method
• S. aureus, P. vulgaris, E. coli, P. aeruginosa
• Clear/ dirty conditions
• Final concentration – 109/ml
Result:
o No growth occurs in 2 or more of 5 tubes of
18 min samples
o Not more than 5 colonies from 5 drops
36. Time (Min) Procedure
0
8
10
18
20
28
3ml of Disinfectant + 1ml of bact. Suspension, Shake
Transfer 1 drop to each 5 tubes with liquid medium or 5 drops
to agar plate
Add 1ml of bact. Suspension, shake
Transfer 1 drop to each 5 tubes with liquid medium or 5 drops
to agar plate
Add 1ml of bact. Suspension, shake
Transfer 1 drop to each 5 tubes with liquid medium or 5 drops
to agar plate