The document outlines the steps of the scientific method which are used to systematically gather knowledge about the world. It explains that the scientific method involves making observations, asking questions, forming hypotheses, performing experiments, analyzing data, and drawing conclusions. Key aspects of the method include identifying independent and dependent variables, stating testable hypotheses, designing experiments to test hypotheses, carefully collecting and analyzing results, and determining if the conclusions drawn from data support or contradict the original hypotheses. The overall goal of using this process is to improve understanding of phenomena through empirical investigation.

1. Mr. Marudhar

2.  The scientific method is a series of processes
that people can use to gather knowledge about
the world around them, improve that
knowledge, and attempt to explain why and/or
how things occur.
 This method involves making observations,
forming questions, making hypotheses, doing an
experiment, analyzing the data, and forming a
conclusion.
 Every scientific experiment performed is an
example of the scientific method in action, but
it is also used by non-scientists in everyday
situations.

4.  The first step of the scientific method is to
make an observation about the world Before
hypotheses can be made or experiments can
be done, one must first notice and think
about some sort of phenomena occurring.
 The scientific method is used when one does
not know why or how something is occurring
and wants to uncover the answer.

5.  Next, one must ask a question based on their
observations.
 Sometimes this step is listed first in the
scientific method, with making an observation
listed as second. In reality, both making
observations and asking questions tend to
happen around the same time.
 One can see a confusing occurrence and
immediately think, “why is it occurring?”
 When observations are being made and questions
are being formed, it is important to do
experiment to see if others have already
answered the question or uncovered information
that may help you shape your question.

6.  The elements that change in an experiment
are called variables.
 A variable is any factor, trait, or condition
that can exist in differing amounts or types.
 An experiment usually has two kinds
of variables:
 independent,
 dependent,.

7.  A hypothesis is an educated guess to explain the
phenomena occurring based on prior
observations.
 It answers the question posed in the previous
step.
 Hypotheses can be specific or more general
depending on the question being asked, but all
hypotheses must be testable by gathering
evidence that can be measured.
 If a hypothesis is not testable, then it is
impossible to perform an experiment to
determine whether the hypothesis is supported
by evidence.

8.  Define all variables to be measured
 Sketch the experimental setup
 State what equipment and supplies will be
needed
 State the method for data analysis
 Describe the experimental protocol

9.  Make sure record everything. This may
include all variable which related to your
experiment .
 It is a good idea to do some of your data
analysis while you are performing the
experiment to make sure that the data are in
the right ball park. This will help you find
errors in the experimental protocol and
elsewhere.

10.  After performing an experiment and
collecting data, one must analyze the data.
 Research experiments are usually analyzed
with statistical software in order to
determine relationships among the data.
 In the case of a simpler experiment, one
could simply look at the data and see how
they correlate with the change in the
independent variable.

11.  The last step of the scientific method is to
form a conclusion.
 If the data support the hypothesis, then the
hypothesis may be the explanation for the
phenomena.
 However, multiple trials must be done to
confirm the results, and it is also important
to make sure that the sample size—the
number of observations made—is big enough
so that the data is not skewed by just a few
observations.

12.  If the data do not support the hypothesis,
then more observations must be made, a new
hypothesis is formed, and the scientific
method is used all over again.
 When a conclusion is drawn, the research can
be presented to others to inform them of the
findings and receive input about the validity
of the conclusion drawn from the research.