STEM CELLS ARE THE UNDIFFERENTIATED CELLS LATER THEIR DIFFERENTIATION TAKES PLACE WHICH LET THEM TO CONVERT INTO SPECIALIZED CELLS CALLED AS STEM CELLS.
This slide is about the potential uses of stem cells. It describes how they are useful and also puts froward the extraction process and the ares in which stem cells prove to be extremely useful. This slide also lists the various from of cells and the difference between stem cells and the normal differentiated cells. It is also richly supplied with photos and content which would altogether increase the quality of the slide. Hope you enjoy and learn. Please do like and follow. Share with your friends who might benefit from this.
youtube link : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=da69DB6dU58&lc=z13osnvyfnnryny2z22qh3y4rs2bd3h2d
Stem cells can be defined simply as cells which are not specialized in any specific tissue or organs.
In other words, stem cells have not differentiated into other cell types to form tissues and organs.
They are the base or foundational cells to develop into cells which specialized in certain functions.
Another distinguishing characteristics of stem cells is their ability to undergo division, giving rise to more stem cells.
The significance of stem cells in their application to the human body and human health boils down to the two important characteristics of differentiation and self-regeneration.
Imagine how powerful they can be if stems cells can be developed into heart cells, especially when someone’s heart is doomed to fail Or, for someone with damaged brain cells or nerve cells, wouldn’t it be extremely great news if stem cells can develop new brain cells or nerve cells for the person.
Indeed, the potential and possibilities of exploiting stem cells for medical science and health science are enormous.
Many untreatable diseases and ailments may in the near future become curable.
Stem cells are classified into various types based on their ability to undergo differentiation into different cell types.
In other words, their classification, and hence their name, is derived from their potential to develop into one, two or several other cell types.
In my presentation I’ll discuss the principals of formation the stem cell and its applications .
This slide is about the potential uses of stem cells. It describes how they are useful and also puts froward the extraction process and the ares in which stem cells prove to be extremely useful. This slide also lists the various from of cells and the difference between stem cells and the normal differentiated cells. It is also richly supplied with photos and content which would altogether increase the quality of the slide. Hope you enjoy and learn. Please do like and follow. Share with your friends who might benefit from this.
youtube link : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=da69DB6dU58&lc=z13osnvyfnnryny2z22qh3y4rs2bd3h2d
Stem cells can be defined simply as cells which are not specialized in any specific tissue or organs.
In other words, stem cells have not differentiated into other cell types to form tissues and organs.
They are the base or foundational cells to develop into cells which specialized in certain functions.
Another distinguishing characteristics of stem cells is their ability to undergo division, giving rise to more stem cells.
The significance of stem cells in their application to the human body and human health boils down to the two important characteristics of differentiation and self-regeneration.
Imagine how powerful they can be if stems cells can be developed into heart cells, especially when someone’s heart is doomed to fail Or, for someone with damaged brain cells or nerve cells, wouldn’t it be extremely great news if stem cells can develop new brain cells or nerve cells for the person.
Indeed, the potential and possibilities of exploiting stem cells for medical science and health science are enormous.
Many untreatable diseases and ailments may in the near future become curable.
Stem cells are classified into various types based on their ability to undergo differentiation into different cell types.
In other words, their classification, and hence their name, is derived from their potential to develop into one, two or several other cell types.
In my presentation I’ll discuss the principals of formation the stem cell and its applications .
Blood production agency. all types of blood cellls are produced in it. to understand it is the need of this era. it also will help in the physiology of blood making mechanism.
Stem cell therapy is the use of stem cells to treat or prevent a disease or condition. Bone marrow transplant is the most widely used stem cell therapy, but some therapies derived from umbilical cord blood are also in use.
A stem cell is a "blank" cell that can give rise to multiple tissue types such as a skin, muscle, or nerve cell.
Under certain physiologic or experimental conditions, they can be induced to become tissue- or organ-specific cells with special functions.
Blood production agency. all types of blood cellls are produced in it. to understand it is the need of this era. it also will help in the physiology of blood making mechanism.
Stem cell therapy is the use of stem cells to treat or prevent a disease or condition. Bone marrow transplant is the most widely used stem cell therapy, but some therapies derived from umbilical cord blood are also in use.
A stem cell is a "blank" cell that can give rise to multiple tissue types such as a skin, muscle, or nerve cell.
Under certain physiologic or experimental conditions, they can be induced to become tissue- or organ-specific cells with special functions.
Stem cells
Undifferentiated cells capable of self-renew and to differentiate into different cell types or tissues during embryonic development and throughout adulthood.
Have possibility to become a specialised cell.
Have the ability to divide continuously and develop into various other kinds of cells.
Have immune potential and can help to treat a wide range of medical problems.
Discovery of stem cells lead to a whole new branch of medicine known as Regenerative medicine.
The ISSCR is an independent, nonprofit organization providin.docxoreo10
The ISSCR is an independent, nonprofit
organization providing a global forum for
stem cell research and regenerative medicine.
Stem Cell
Facts
What are stem cells?
Stem cells are the foundation cells for every organ and
tissue in our bodies. The highly specialized cells that make
up these tissues originally came from an initial pool of stem
cells formed shortly after fertilization. Throughout our lives,
we continue to rely on stem cells to replace injured tissues
and cells that are lost every day, such as those in our skin,
hair, blood and the lining of our gut. Stem cells have two
key properties: 1) the ability to self-renew, dividing in a
way that makes copies of themselves, and 2) the ability to
differentiate, giving rise to the mature types of cells that
make up our organs and tissues.
Tissue-specific stem cells
Tissue-specific stem cells, which are sometimes referred to
as “adult” or “somatic” stem cells, are already somewhat
specialized and can produce some or all of the mature
cell types found within the particular tissue or organ in
which they reside. Because of their ability to generate
multiple, organ-specific, cell types, they are described as
“multipotent.” For example, stem cells found within the
adult brain are capable of making neurons and two types of
glial cells, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes.
Tissue-specific stem cells have been found in several organs
that need to continuously replenish themselves, such as the
blood, skin and gut and have even been found in other, less
regenerative, organs such as the brain. These types of stem
cells represent a very small population and are often buried
deep within a given tissue, making them difficult to identify,
isolate and grow in a laboratory setting.
Neuron – Dr. Gerry Shaw, EnCor Biotechnology Inc.
Astrocyte – Abcam Inc.
Oligodendrocyte – Dhaunchak and Nave (2007).
Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104:17813-8
www.isscr.org
Embryonic stem cells
Embryonic stem cells have been derived from a variety
of species, including humans, and are described as
“pluripotent,” meaning that they can generate all the
different types of cells in the body. Embryonic stem cells
can be obtained from the blastocyst, a very early stage
of development that consists of a mostly hollow ball of
approximately 150-200 cells and is barely visible to the
naked eye. At this stage, there are no organs, not even
blood, just an “inner cell mass” from which embryonic stem
cells can be obtained. Human embryonic stem cells are
derived primarily from blastocysts that were created by
in vitro fertilization (IVF) for assisted reproduction but
were no longer needed.
The fertilized egg and the cells that immediately arise in the
first few divisions are “totipotent.” This means that, under
the right conditions, they can generate a viable embryo
(including support tissues such as the placenta). Within a
matter of days, however, these cells transition to become
pluripote ...
Stem cell technology | Presented by pranjali V. Bhadanepranjali bhadane
This presentation is related to biological topic stem cell technology. stem cell technology plays an important role in life science. stem cell technology is most important for future researchers on personal genomics, personal drug and Complex Disease Research...
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it is also said to be as the Invitro Technique.We have seen an photocopy machine in an office, by which we can copy several pages. So, is the PCR machine in a molecular biology laboratory.
PCR is DNA raplication ina test tube.
Dr Kary Mullis developed PCR.
To amplify lot of double stranded DNA molecules with same size and sequence by enzymatic method and cycling condition.
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4. Stem Cell History
1998 - James Thomson’s lab isolates the first human
embryonic stem cells.
1999 - First Successful human transplant of insulin-
making cells from cadavers.
2000- President Bill Clinton allowed funding of
research on cells derived from aborted human fetuses,
but not from embryonic cells.
5. Continued…..
2001 - President Bush restricts federal funding for
embryonic stem-cell research.
2002 - California ok stem cell research.
2004 - Harvard researchers grow stem cells from embryos
using private funding.
2004 - Ballot measure for $3 Billion bond for stem cells.
6. Stem Cell – Definition
Stem cells are undifferentiated mass of cells that has the
ability to continuously divide and differentiate (develop)
into various other kind(s) of cells/tissues.
The human body has a variety of 220 different cells types.
Stem cells are master cells that act as foundation cells for
every organ, tissue and cell in the body..
They are considered as a blank microchip that can be
programmed to perform particular tasks. They serve as a
repair machine for the body.
7. Stem Cell Characteristics
‘Blank cells’ (unspecialized).
Capable of dividing and renewing themselves for
long periods of time (proliferation and renewal).
Have the potential to give rise to specialized cell
types (differentiation.
8. CLASSIFICATION OF STEM CELLS
Stem cells can be classified into four broad categories,
based on their ability to differentiate:
Totipotent stem cells: are found only in early
embryos. Each cell can form a complete organism (1-
3 days) .
Pluripotent stem cells :exist in the undifferentiated
inner cell mass of the blastocyst (5 to 14 days) and
can form any of the over 200 different cell types
found in the body. stem cells can form most or all cell
types in the adult.
Multipotent stem cells: blood, and adult stem cell are
derived from fetal tissue, cords. These cells are
differentiated, but can form a number of other tissues.
9. Stem cells can form multiple types of
cell and tissue types:
Unipotent : able to contribute to only one mature
cell type but have the property of self-renewal
which distinguishes them from non-stem cells
14. EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS
Cells found early (less than 2 wks.) in the
development of an Embryo.
Embryonic stem cells are the most versatile because
they can become any cell in the body including fetal
stem cells and adult stem cells.
Embryonic stem (ES) cells are taken from inside the
blastocyst, a very early stage embryo.
15. Continued…..
The blastocyst is a ball of about 50-100 cells and it
is not yet implanted in the womb.
It is made up of an outer layer of cells, a fluid-
filled space and a group of cells called the inner
cell mass. ES cells are found in the inner cell mass.
21. Embryonic germ cells
Human embryonic germ cells (EG cells) normally
develop into eggs and sperm. They are derived from a
specific part of the embryo called the gonad ridge, and
are isolated from fetuses older than 8 weeks of
development.
One advantage of embryonic germ cells cells is that
they do not appear to generate tumors when
transferred into the body, as embryonic stem cells do.
22. Continued….
One of the greatest issues facing researchers is
that the derivation of EG cells results from the
destruction of a fetus.
EG cells are isolated from terminated pregnancies
and no embryos or fetuses are created for research
purposes.
23. ADULT STEM CELLS
Adult stem cells are found in the human body and in umbilical
cord blood.
The most well known source of adult stem cells in the body is
bone marrow but they are also found in many organs and
tissues; even in the blood.
Adult stem cells are more specialized since they are assigned to
a specific cell family such as blood cells, nerve cells, etc.
Recently, it was discovered that an adult stem cell from one
tissue may act as a stem cell for another tissue, i.e. blood to
neural.
27. HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS
Hematopoietic stem cells are those cells from where all
blood cells originate.
Discovery of hematopoietic stem cells in cord blood was
made in the year 1974.
In the year 1982 Broxmeyer suggested umbilical cord
blood contained significant amount of hematopoietic stem
cells suitable for transplantation.
Pluripotent :- red cells, white cells and platelets.
High proliferative capacity : 1 cell in a million.
28.
29. Sources of hematopoietic stem cells in
human
Umbilical Cord blood.
Peripheral blood.
Bone marrow
30.
31. Cord Blood
Umbilical cord blood is also known as placental
blood.
It is the blood that flows in the circulation of the
developing fetus in the womb.
After the baby’s birth, the left over blood in the
umbilical cord and placenta is called cord blood.
This blood is a rich source of stem cells.
32. Uses for cord blood stem cells
Today, umbilical cord blood, with its high
concentration of “hematopoietic” stem cells, brings
these types of transplantations into the 21st century.
Cord blood stem cells have been used to treat more
than 45 malignant and genetic diseases. Leukemia is
the most common.
33. Continued……
Stored cord blood stem cells from a child is the perfect
match for that child. This allows for an autologous
transplant if needed, with no risk of Graft-vs- Host
Disease(GVHD).
GVHD is where the body rejects the donor’s stem cells
and may prevent engraftment from occurring.
Cord blood stem cells are a close match for siblings or
family members in case of need, with low risk of GVHD.
34. Uses of stem cells
Current research shows great promise for the
treatment of heart disease, liver disease, diabetes,
stroke, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease,
Parkinson’s disease, spinal cord injury, and
systemic lupus.
35. Immuno -Markers for Hematopoietic Stem
Cells (HSC)
CD 34
CD 133
C-kit receptor (CD117)
Thy-1+ (CD90)
CD59+
CD110
41. Conclusion
Stem cell research is complicated and rapidly
changing Today’s medicine generally tries to support
or treat injured tissues and organs, but stem cells may
someday simply replace them. Stem cell therapy is
considered as like a soldier with a weapon.
Only if the soldier (experienced doctor ),weapon
(technology) and bullets (stem cells) all are in our
hand than the fight will turn in our favor.