INTRODUCTION OF COVID-19, ORIGIN OF COVID-19, STRUCTURE OF COVID-19, CAUSES OF CORON VIRUS, SYMPTOMS OF COVID-19, TYPICAL SYMPTOMS OF COVID-19, MODE OF TRANSMISSION, PEOPLE WHI ARE AT HIGHER RISK, WHY COVID-19 IS SAID T BE AS THE PANDEMIC BY WHO?, PREVENTION, WHAT TO DO, WHAT NOT TO DO, MYTHS AND FACTS OF COVID-19 SPREADING, SOME OTHER CONSEQUENCES OF COVID-19, MOST IMPORTANT POINTS OF COVID-19, COVID-19 VACCINES INTRODUCTION, TYPES OF VACCINES , COVAXIN, COVISHIELD, COVID VACCINE REGISTERATION, WHO CAN REGISTER, WHO SHOULDNT TAKE VACCINE SHOTS, STEP BY STEP GUIDE FOR REGISTERATION, COMPARISON BETWEEN COVAXIN AND COVISHIELD,

1. Prepared By: Vipin Kr. Shukla
Assistant Lecturer
Presentation on COVID-19

2. Introduction of COVID-19:
 It is the infectious and communicable disease caused by the
newly developed virus CORONA (COVID-19), which is
characterized by flu, cough, sore throat, fever, severe acute
respiratory syndrome and pneumonia.
 COVID-19 is a disease caused by a type of corona virus called
“ Sars Cov2”.
 The name corona came from its crown like structure called
“Spike Protein”.
 The Virus uses the spike protein to infect human cells.

3. Contd….
 Corona viruses (CoV) are a large family of viruses that cause
illness ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases
such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome.
 (MERS-CoV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
(SARS-CoV).
 A novel corona virus (nCoV) is a new strain that has not been
previously identified in humans

4. Origin
Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China.

5. STRUCTURE OF SARS-COV2:

6. Causes:
 The main cause of this disease is newly developed virus
CORONA, COVID-19 virus.
 The name corona virus comes from the Latin word corona,
meaning crown or halo.
 Under an electron microscope, the looks like it is surrounded
by a solar corona.
 First time COVID-19 discovered in a seafood and poultry
market in the Chinese city of Wuhan in 2019.

7. Symptoms of (COVID-19):

9. Mode of transmission:
 COVID-19 transmitted through respiratory droplet and 2-14
days estimated incubation period.
 Humans first get a corona virus from contact with animals.
Then, it can spread from human to human.
 Health officials do not know what animal caused COVID -19
 The COVID-19 virus can be spread through contact with
certain body fluids, such as droplets in cough.
 It might also be caused by touching something an infected
person has touched and then touching your hand to your
mouth, nose or eyes.

10. MODES OF TRANSMISSION:

11. People who are at higher risk:
 People aged 65 years and older.
 People who live in a nursing home or long-term care facility.
 Other high-risk conditions could include:
 People with chronic lung disease or moderate to severe asthma
 People who have serious heart conditions
 People who are immuno-compromised including cancer
treatment, smoking, bone marrow or organ.
 transplantation, immune deficiencies, poorly controlled HIV or
AIDS, and prolonged use of corticosteroids and other immune
weakening medications.

12. WHY IT IS TERMED AS PANDEMIC??
On March 11, 2020 WHO announced
COVID- 19 as a pandemic which
indicated that the spread of this
novel virus has become a worldwide
phenomenon, which has infected
almost 200 countries and territories
around the world including INDIA
and there are almost 2,407,699
confirmed cases of coronavirus
COVID-19.

13. PREVENTION--- WHAT TO DO???
 Wash your hands often with soap and
water for 20 seconds.
 Use a hand sanitizer (at least 70%
alcohol based) if soap and water are
not available and cover all the
surfaces of your hands.
 DO USE a handkerchief or a tissue
to cover your face while coughing or
sneezing.
 DO THROW the used tissue
immediately into a closed dustbin.

14. Do cover your sneeze
into your bent arm in
case you are not
carrying a tissue or a
handkerchief.
Do wash hands
immediately after you
have covered your
sneeze or cough with
your hands.

15. Stay at home
unless absolutely
necessary.
Keep a distance of
at least one meter
between yourself
and another
person.

16. WHAT NOT TO DO???
Do not touch your eyes, nose
and mouth with unwashed
hands.
Do not touch surfaces like
door knobs, door bells,
elevator button, handrails etc.
Do not spit in open, always
use a spittoon or wash basin
for spitting.
Do not go to crowded places
like markets, shopping, fairs,
parties.
Do not use public transport.
Do not hold events where
people have to gather.

17. High Risk:
People who have
underlying medical
conditions like:
• Diabetes.
• Heart Disease.
• Lung Disease.
• Kidney Disease.
• Cancer Medication
Pregnant Women
(as we don’t
know
the impact of the
disease on
Pregnancy, it is
better to take
care

18. MYTHS AND FACTS…
 Statement: With the summers coming up, the Corona virus will
be killed.
 FACT: COVID-19 has been detected in ALL AREAS,
including areas with hot and humid weather. The best way to
protect yourself against COVID- 19 is by frequently washing
your hands with soap and water, covering your coughs and
sneezes and avoiding crowded places.
 Statement: Having a bath with hot water will kill the virus.
 FACT: The virus lives inside the body where the temperature
is maintained at 37ºC and is not affected by a hot water bath
that you have.
 Statement: Getting the pneumonia vaccine will protect you
against the virus.
 FACT: While vaccines for Pneumonia will certainly protect
you against other organisms that cause pneumonia, The vaccine
for Novel Corona virus is under development.

19. Contd….
 Statement: Regularly rinsing the nose with saline will prevent
the infection.
 FACT: Rinsing nose with saline has in few cases helped in
containing common cold, but has no evidence to suggest it is
effective against the Novel Corona virus infection.
 Statement: Corona virus can be passed through chicken and
meat.
 FACT: No! There is no such evidence of Corona virus
spreading through meat and poultry products. However it is
always advised to have properly cooked meat and chicken.

20. Contd….
 Statement: Eating raw garlic, sesame seeds will protect you
against the virus.
 FACT: Garlic is a healthy food that has other benefits but does
not protect you against the Corona virus.
 Statement: You can get COVID-19 through mosquito bites.
 FACT: The Corona virus cannot be spread through the bite of a
mosquito. It is spread thorough droplets spread when an
infected person sneezes or coughs.

21. Some other consequences of COVID-19:
 STIGMA
 DISCRIMINATION
 DEPRESSION

22. Why there is stigma??
 The level of stigma associated with COVID-19 is based on three
main factors:
 COVID-19 is a new disease about which many things are still being
discovered.
 When something is unknown people are worried which leads to
fear.
 Rumors or fake news give wrong information and spreads the fear.

23. WHAT DOES STIGMA DO???

24. It is the time not to be
afraid but need to get
aware…
Follow all the advices
either prescribed by the
health department or
by the government…
Be a responsible citizen.
Stay At Home, Stay Safe,
Stay Healthy and
Happy…

25. Most Important Points….
 Always Be Positive.
 Do not preach or give news that is not confirmed.
 Always be polite. Anyone can get the infection. Do
not discriminate, shout, or use rude language.
 Stay away from watching negative things on TV and
also fake news.
 Engage in relaxing activities like indoor games,
reading, gardening, home-cleaning etc.
 Do Meditation, pray to GOD and spend some time
with yourself also.

26. Some great persons said…
So powerful is the
light of unity that
it can illuminate
the whole earth.
Even the weak
become strong
when they are
united.
So to beat this worldwide
pandemic, we all have to come
together and fulfill our respective
responsibilities.

27. Covid Vaccine :

28. Recent news on vaccine:
 India has so far approved three vaccines against the deadly COVID-19
to be used for its inoculation drive which started on January 16.
 The three vaccines approved by the Health Ministry are Serum Institute
of India's (SII) Covishield, Bharat Biotech's Covaxin and Russia's
Sputnik V.
 While Covaxin and Covishield are available since the vaccination drive
started in January, Russia's Sputnik V got the government's approval last
week and will now be distributed by Dr Reddy’s Laboratories in India.
With this, Sputnik V also became the second most expensive COVID-19
vaccine available in the country.

29. ….
 University and pharma major AstraZeneca, the Covaxin has been
developed by India's Bharat Biotech in association with the Indian
Council of Medical Research (ICMR).
 The Sputnik V has been developed by Moscow-based Gamaleya
Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, and like most
vaccines, it also needs to be administered in two doses.
 As the world's biggest vaccination drive is underway, there is a lot of
buzzes that surrounds the use of the vaccines, it's efficacy and possible
side effects.
 We at Jagran English bring you some noteworthy differences between
the three vaccines available in India you must be aware of.

30. Introduction:
 A COVID-19 vaccine is a vaccine intended to
provide acquired immunity against severe acute respiratory
syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus
causing corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
 Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, there was an established
body of knowledge about the structure and function of corona
viruses causing diseases like severe acute respiratory
syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory
syndrome (MERS), which enabled accelerated development of
various vaccine technologies during early 2020.

31. Contd….
 On 10 January 2020, the SARS-CoV-2 genetic sequence data
was shared through GISAID and by 19 March, the global
pharmaceutical industry announced a major commitment to
address COVID-19.
 Since January 2020, vaccine development has been expedited
via unprecedented collaboration in the multinational
pharmaceutical industry and between governments.

32. Contd….
 According to the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI),
 the geographic distribution of COVID-19 vaccine development puts North American
entities having about 40% of the activity compared to 30% in Asia and Australia, 26% in
Europe, and a few projects in South America and Africa.
 As of January 2021, nine different technology platforms – with the technology of
numerous candidates remaining undefined – are under research and development to
create an effective vaccine against COVID-19.
 Most of the platforms of vaccine candidates in clinical trials are focused on the corona
virus spike protein and its variant as the primary antigen of COVID-19 infection.
 Platforms being developed in 2020 involved nucleic acid technologies (nucleoside-
modified messenger RNA and DNA non-replicating viral vectors, peptides, recombinant
proteins, live attenuated viruses, and inactivated viruses.

33. Types of Vaccines:
 An RNA vaccine contains RNA which, when introduced into a
tissue, acts as messenger RNA (mRNA) to cause the cells to
build the foreign protein and stimulate an adaptive immune
response which teaches the body how to identify and destroy
the corresponding pathogen or cancer cells.
 RNA vaccines often, but not always, use nucleoside-modified
messenger RNA.
 The delivery of mRNA is achieved by a co formulation of the
molecule into lipid nanoparticles which protect the RNA
strands and help their absorption into the cells.

34. Comparison Between Covaxin & Covishield:

37. COVID VACCINE REGISTRATION:

38. WHO CAN REGISTER?
 Senior Citizens
(age 60+).
 People with co-
morbidities (age
45 to 59).
 18+ Individuals.

39. WHAT’S THE COST?
 People walking in private health
facilities – INR 250/-
 includes syringe.
 Needle.
 Fees for National Health
Accounts Govt of India.
 Govt Centers: Free of Cost.

40. Contd….
 PRE-REQUISITES:
 Co-Win App
 Aarogya Setu App
 Way to logon to cowin.gov.in
 Doctors certificate in case of Co-morbidities

41. Step By Step Guide for Registration:
 Open one of the below
 Co-Win App.
 Aarogya Setu App.
 visit www.cowin.gov.in.
 Enter your mobile number.
 You will receive OTP i.e. One Time Password on your mobile.
 Create account using OTP.
 Fill below details:
 Name.
 Age.
 Gender.
 Identification proof.
 Doctors certificate in case of co-morbidities & age 45 to 59.
 Choose your vaccine centre & Date.

44. Covishield Vs Covaxin:
 The interval between 1st and 2nd
doses is 12-16 weeks.
 Efficacy after the second dose can
vary from 70-90%.
 People above 18 years of age can
opt for this vaccine.
 Covishield is less expensive. SII is
selling this vaccine at INR 300
(government) and INR 600 (private
centers).
 Covishield is more easily available
 The interval between the 2 doses
is 4-6 weeks.
 This vaccine can be 78-100%
effective after the second dose.
 This vaccine can be injected into
younger people as well (12 years
and above).
 Covaxin is more expensive and
is being sold at INR 400
(government) and INR 1200
(private facilities).
 Fewer hospitals and healthcare
centers are stocking Covaxin