Stem cells are cells that can differentiate into other cell types and can self-renew to produce more stem cells. There are several types of stem cells including totipotent stem cells found in early embryos, pluripotent stem cells found in blastocysts that can form any cell type, and multipotent adult stem cells that can form a limited number of cell types. Induced pluripotent stem cells are adult cells that have been genetically modified to behave like embryonic stem cells. While stem cells show promise for research and medical applications, growing entire organs from stem cells remains a challenge.

1. SRI JAYDEV
COLLEGE OF
EDUCATION AND
TECHNOLOGY
Seminar on
STEM CELL
Presented by:-
Manish Ku. Dash
+3 3rd yr. Sc. (Zool.)
Roll:- BS-12-004

2.  Stem cells can be defined simply as cells which
are not specialized in any tissue or organ.
 In other words, stem cells have not differentiated
into other cell types to form tissues or organ.
 They are the basic cells to develop into cells
which specialized in certain functions.
 Another distinguishing characteristics of stem cells
is their ability to undergo division, giving rise to
more stem cells.

4. Types
Stem cell
type Description Examples
Totipotent
Each cell can develop
into a new individual
Cells from early
(1-3 days)
embryos
Pluripotent
Cells can form any
(over 200) cell types
Some cells of
blastocyst (5 to
14 days)
Multipotent
Cells differentiated,
but can form a
number of other
tissues
Fetal tissue,
cord blood, and
adult stem cells

6. These cells have the potential to develop into any cell found in
the human body.
In human the zygote divides numerous times and forms cells that
are the precursors to the trillions of cells that will eventually
constitute the human body.
Totipotent stem cells

7. Pluripotent Stem Cells –make cells
from all the three germ layers

9. Multipotent stem cells
These are
committed to give
rise to cells that
have a specific
function
Eg - Blood stem cells

10. • Skin
• Fat Cells
• Bone marrow
• Brain
• Many other organs &
tissues
Adult Stem Cells (tissue specific stem cell)
Adult stem cells are undifferentiated cells, found throughout the
body after development, that multiply by cell division to replenish
dying cells and regenerate damaged tissues.

11. Mutations can lead to leukemia
Problems with Adult Stem Cells

12. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPS)
It is the cell taken from any
tissue that has been
genetically modified to
behave like an embryonic
stem cell

15. Fact And Fiction
 All stem cells can give rise to every cell in the
body.
Fiction:- Only Pluripotent stem cells can make any
cell in the body.
These includes:-embryonic stem cells, iPS cells &
embryonic stem cells made using SCNT (Somatic
cell nuclear transfer)
*Tissue(adult) stem cells are multipotent & can
usually only make the tissue from which they are
derived.

16.  All stem cell research destroys embryos.
Fiction. Only the acquisition of hESC results in
the destruction of embryos. Embryonic stem
cells made from both excess IVF embryos and
those made via SCNT result in the destruction
of an embryo, which is legal under license in
Australia.

17.  A pluripotent stem cell can give rise to every
cell in the body, except for placental cells.
Fact. An example of pluripotent stem cells are
hESC.

18.  Tissue stem cells come only from adults.
Fiction. Adult or tissue stem cells come from
specialised tissue. Children also have specialised
tissues which contain adult stem cells. These stem
cells are often referred to as multipotent stem cells as
they have a more restricted ability to grow into other
cell types.

19.  IVF embryos cannot be made just to produce
stem cells.
Fact. The creation of a human embryo is to be for
the express purpose of making a life and assisting a
couple to have a baby. IVF embryos that are no
longer required by a couple for infertility treatment
can be donated to research. Australian scientists
have been able to use donated IVF embryos for
stem cell generation since 2002.

20.  Spare organs can be grown in a dish.
Fiction. Although this sounds useful for research and
transplant purposes, this currently cannot be done.
Organs are very complex structures made up of
many different types of cells. At present scientists
are trying to better understand how to grow each
type of cell from stem cells and are yet to be able to
coordinate the complex development required to
make an organ.