This document provides an overview of sprinkler irrigation systems. It defines sprinkler irrigation as a method of applying irrigation water similar to rainfall by pumping water through pipes and spraying it into the air through sprinkler heads. The key components of a sprinkler system are described as the water source, pumping unit, pipes, risers, sprinklers and nozzles. Different types of sprinkler systems like rotating heads and perforated pipes are discussed. Advantages include flexibility and the ability to irrigate uneven terrain, while limitations include uneven water distribution during wind and potential evaporation losses.

1. welcome

2. SPRINKLER
IRRIGATION
presentation on :-
Subject: -
Micro irrigation system design
Presented by: -
BARIA DIPAK ( PAGEN-091-2012 )
KAUSHAL .V. GADARIYA (PAGEN-097-2012)
CHETAN CHAUHAN (PAGEN-092-2012)

3. WHAT IS SPRINKLER IRRIGATION
• Sprinkler Irrigation is a method of applying
irrigation water which is similar to rainfall.
• Water is distributed through a system of pipes
usually by pumping at pressure above 2 kg/cm2.
• It is then sprayed into the air and irrigated entire
soil surface through spray heads so that it breaks
up into small water drops which fall to the ground.
• Pressurized irrigation through devices called
sprinklers

4. INTRODUCTION
• Water is a key factor in increasing agricultural
production, in such case irrigation is most
important factor.
• One such method of modern irrigation is
sprinkler irrigation system which is becoming
more and more popular among the farmers
across the developed country.

5. SPRINKLER IRRIGATION SYSTEM
• Spraying Water like a natural rainfall.
• Water pressure through Nozzle.
• pressure is provided by a pump.
• Selection of nozzle sizes, operating pressure
and spacing.

7. COMPONENTS OF SPRINKLER
IRRIGATION SYSTEM
• Water source - open well / tube well / bore well /
canal etc.
• Pumping unit - centrifugal, submersible
• Sprinkler - main and lateral pipe lines, riser pipe,
sprinklers (nozzles)

8. Other accessories used in sprinkler irrigation
system : -
1. Reducers
2. Elbows
3. End plug Tees
4. Regulators and Gauges
5. Valves
6. Filters

9. SOIL SUITABILITY
• Suitable for lands and on shallow soils.
• Best suited to coarse sandy terrain.
• Suitable in undulating terrain.
• Adopted in hilly regions.
• all crops are suitable except crops like paddy, jute,
etc.
• The dry crops, vegetables, flowering crops,
orchards, plantation crops like tea, coffee are all
suitable and can be irrigated through sprinklers.
CROPS SUITABILITY

10. SELECTING THE MOST
APPROPRIATE SPRINKLER SYSTEM
While selecting a sprinkler system, the most important
physical parameters to be considered are: -
1) The crop or crops to be cultivated.
2) The shape and size (acres) of the field.
3) The topography of the field.
4) The amount of time and labor to operate
the system.

11. TYPES OF SPRINKLER SYSTEM
There are many types of Sprinkler systems available in the market.
On the basis of the arrangement for spraying irrigation water, sprinkler
systems are classified as :
1. Rotating head system
2. Perforated pipe system

12. Fig: - Perforated pipe system

13. Fig: - rotating head system

14. There are many types of rotating head sprinklers: -

15. IMPACT SPRINKLERS
Impact Arm
Spreader Nozzle
Range (Drive) Nozzle
Bearing
Two-nozzle, bronze impact sprinkler
Trajectory
Angle

16. Pop-up, part-circle impact sprinkler
head

17. - Water jet strikes a plate or
pad.
- Pad spreads the water and
may be smooth or serrated.
- Popular on center pivot
and linear move systems.
Spray Pad devices

18. -Energy in the water turns a
turbine that rotates the nozzle
through a gear train.
- Typically used in large, open
turf/landscape areas
Gear-driven rotors (rotary heads)

19. Centre pivot system
• Center-pivot irrigation (sometimes called central pivot
irrigation), also called waterwheel and circle irrigation, is a
method of crop irrigation in which equipment rotates
around a pivot and crops are watered with sprinklers.
• A circular area centered on the pivot is irrigated, often
creating a circular pattern in crops when viewed from
above (sometimes referred to as crop circles).
• Most center pivots were initially water-powered, and
today most are propelled by electric motors.

21. SPRINKLER PERFORMANCE
- Diameter of Coverage
-- Maximum diameter wetted by the sprinkler at a rate
that is significant for the intended use
-- Depends on operating pressure and sprinkler and
nozzle design (including trajectory angle)
- Sprinkler distribution for at different operating pressure
- Overlapped sprinkler
-Wind problem

22. SPRINKLER DISTRIBUTION FOR AT
DIFFERENT OPERATING PRESSURE

23. Overlapped Sprinklers
Uniform Application:
Overlap  50% of sprinkler
wetted diameter
Non-uniform Application:
Overlap << 50% of
sprinkler wetted diameter

24. Wind problem

25. ADVANTAGES OF SPRINKLER
IRRIGATION SYSTEM
• Sprinkler irrigation does not require surface shaping of
leveling.
• Can be applied to areas of variable topography.
• Flexibility is possible because sprinkler heads are
available in a wide range of discharge capacities.
• cost of laboUr is generally reduced.
• Erosion of soil can be eliminated.
• Chemical and fertilizer applications are easily used with
sprinkler systems.
• No special skills trained personal can operate the system
reasonably well.

26. • Frequent and light irrigation possible giving better
response from the crops.
• Increase in yield and quality, early ripening, water
conservation and alternative value of specific period
saving of labor, machinery, fertilizer and pesticides.
• Soil moisture is maintained at optimum level by sprinkler
irrigation and 20 higher yields are obtained of crops and
the quality of other crops is also good.
advantages contd......

27. LIMITATIONS IN THE APPLICATION OF
SPRINKLER IRRIGATION
1. Uneven water distribution due to high winds.
2. Evaporation loss when opening under high temperatures.
3. Highly impermeable soils are not suitable.
4. Initial cost is high.
5. Proper design.
6. Lack of package of practices.
7. Lack of awareness.
8. Lack of social concern to save natural resources.
9. High water pressure required in sprinkler(>2.5kg/cm2).
10. Difficulty in irrigation during wind in sprinkler.

28. THANK YOU