This document discusses sprinkler irrigation systems. It defines sprinkler irrigation as a method of applying irrigation water similar to natural rainfall by pumping water under pressure through a system of pipes and spraying it into the air above crops. The document describes different types of sprinklers like impact, gun, pop-up, gear-driven, rotor, and turbo sprinklers. It also discusses the advantages of uniform water distribution and flexibility and disadvantages like high costs and sensitivity to wind.

1. MEHMET DEMİR
SPRINKLER IRRIGATION SYSTEM
EGE UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY

2. WHAT IS IRRIGATION
 Irrigation is an artificial application of water to the soil
 It is usually used to assist in growing crops in dry areas
and during periods of inadequate rainfall

3. IRRIGATION METHODS ARE MAINLY
CLASSIFIED INTO
 Surface Irrigation
 Subsurface Irrigation
 Drip irrigation
 Sprinkler irrigation

4. SPRINKLER IRRIGATION
 Sprinkler irrigation is a method of applying irrigation water
which is similar to natural rainfall.
 Water is distributed through a system of pipes usually by
pumping.
 Water under pressure is carried and sprayed into the air
above the crop through a system

6. DEFINITIONS
 Water flow rate: In the metric system the units are: m3/h or
liter/h (l/h).
 Wetting diameter
 Sprinkler spacing: The spacing between the sprinklers along
and between the sprinkler laterals. For example: 12 m x 18 m.
 Application rate: the amount of water applied to an area unit
per a unit of time: 1 mm/h = 1 m3 per 0.1 Ha/h = 10 m3 per Ha
per hour.
 Irrigation cycle: The period between the beginning and the
termination of one irrigation event of a certain area.
 Wind velocity: expressed in meters per second (m/sec.) or
km/h units.

7. SPRINKLER CLASSIFICATION
 Impact sprinkler
 Gun Sprinklers
 Pop-up sprinklers
 Gear-driven sprinkler
 Rotor and rotary stream sprinklers
 Turbo hammer sprinkler

8. IMPACT SPRINKLER
The impact sprinklers are fitted
with one, two or three nozzles.
This sprinkler type is
manufactured in diverse
material. With a 30⁰ ejection
angle it is used for overhead
irrigation of field crops and
orchards.

9. PART OF IMPACT SPRINKLER

10. WETTING DIAMETER

12. BIG GUN SPRINKLERS
Big size hammer sprinklers are made of brass .The working pressure is high
(4 - 8 bars). The sprinkler flow-rate range is 6 - 60 m3/h. Gun sprinklers are
used for irrigation of forage and field crops in Center-Pivot and Lateral-Move
irrigation machines and as a traveling gun in "standalone" configuration.

16. POP UP SPRINKLERS
Pop up sprinklers commonly
used for lawn and golf courses
irrigation.

18. GEAR DRIVEN SPRINKLERS
Gear driven sprinklers are used
mostly in residential and public
lawns irrigation. Some gun
sprinklers are also driven by a
turbine and velocity reduction
gear.

19. ROTOR AND ROTARY STREAM SPRINKLERS

21. TURBO HAMMER SPRINKLERS

22. ADVANTAGES
 Sprinkler irrigation is suitable to diverse topographic
conditions like uneven lands and steep slopes that cannot be
irrigated by surface irrigation.
 A vast selection of emitters and nozzles facilitates the
matching of the water application rate to the intake rate of the
soil.
 Uniform distribution of water in the field renders high water
use efficiency.
 Minimizes labor requirement.
 Feasibility of frequent small water dosage applications for
germination, cooling, frost protection, etc.
 Convenient blending of fertilizers with the irrigation water.
 Handy integration with automation and computerized irrigation
control devices.

23. DISADVANTAGES
 High initial investment.
 Extra cost of the energy consumed for creation of
water pressure.
 Sensitivity to wind conditions.
 Water losses by evaporation from soil surface, the
atmosphere and plant canopy.
 Washout of pesticides from the foliage in overhead
irrigation.
 Interference of irrigation with diverse farm activities
like tillage, spraying, harvesting, etc.