This document discusses sprinkler irrigation systems. It defines sprinkler irrigation as a method of applying irrigation water similar to natural rainfall by pumping water under pressure through a system of pipes and spraying it into the air above crops. The document describes different types of sprinklers like impact, gun, pop-up, gear-driven, rotor, and turbo sprinklers. It also discusses the advantages of uniform water distribution and flexibility and disadvantages like high costs and sensitivity to wind.
Sprinkler Irrigation is a method of applying irrigation water which is similar to rainfall.
Water is distributed through a system of pipes usually by pumping at pressure above 2 kg/cm2.
It is then sprayed into the air and irrigated entire soil surface through spray heads so that it breaks up into small water drops which fall to the ground.
Pressurized irrigation through devices called sprinklers.
Sprinkler Irrigation is a method of applying irrigation water which is similar to rainfall.
Water is distributed through a system of pipes usually by pumping at pressure above 2 kg/cm2.
It is then sprayed into the air and irrigated entire soil surface through spray heads so that it breaks up into small water drops which fall to the ground.
Pressurized irrigation through devices called sprinklers.
water distribution system & warabandi by Denish Jangid unit 2 Water Resources...Denish Jangid
water distribution system & warabandi by Denish Jangid unit 2 Water Resources Engineering Rotational system method objectives of warabandi types of warabandi with flow chart figure jamabandi patwari girdawari halqa khasrah shudkar
Introduction:
Necessity of irrigation- scope of irrigation engineering- benefits and ill effects of irrigation- irrigation development in India- types of irrigation systems, Soil-water plant relationship: Classification of soil water- soil
moisture contents- depth of soil water available to plants-permanent
and ultimate wilting point
Water requirements of crops:
Depth of water applied during irrigation- Duty of water and deltaimprovement
of duty- command area and intensity of irrigation consumptive use of water and evapotranspiration- irrigation efficiencies- assessment of irrigation water
water distribution system & warabandi by Denish Jangid unit 2 Water Resources...Denish Jangid
water distribution system & warabandi by Denish Jangid unit 2 Water Resources Engineering Rotational system method objectives of warabandi types of warabandi with flow chart figure jamabandi patwari girdawari halqa khasrah shudkar
Introduction:
Necessity of irrigation- scope of irrigation engineering- benefits and ill effects of irrigation- irrigation development in India- types of irrigation systems, Soil-water plant relationship: Classification of soil water- soil
moisture contents- depth of soil water available to plants-permanent
and ultimate wilting point
Water requirements of crops:
Depth of water applied during irrigation- Duty of water and deltaimprovement
of duty- command area and intensity of irrigation consumptive use of water and evapotranspiration- irrigation efficiencies- assessment of irrigation water
Irrigation is defined as “Artificially supplying & systematically dividing of water for
agriculture & horticulture in order to obtain higher or qualitatively better
production”. More information, visit at https://h3owatersystems.com/
the present ppt describes about irrigation methods following from the ancient periods to up to now. the present ppt also describes about sprinkler and drip irrigation methods. it gives an elaborate knowledge on irrigation methods.
it gives the information about various irrigation ideas and also gives information about suitability of method of irrigation according to the natural condition such as soil type etc,
chapter 4-2-advanteges and disadvantages of sprincler Irrigations'mulugetakassa1988
It is a system by which water is applied above the ground in the form of spray some what resembling rainfall.
The spray (small water droplets) is caused by making the water to flow under pressure through small nozzles or sprays.
The difference is that this rainfall can be controlled in duration and intensity.
A sprinkler system conveys water through pipes and applies it with a minimum amount of losses.
advantages of sprinkler irrigation includes the following but not limited to
Accurate measurement of the applied water, rendering high water use efficiency.
Eliminates excessive losses from deep percolation, surface runoff and conveyance losses
Land with irregular topography can be irrigated by sprinklers without much leveling and land preparation.
Can be used on soils with low water holding capacity
Can be used on sloping lands
Does not require field channels and thus more areas become available for crop production .
Accurate measurement of the applied water, rendering high water use efficiency.
Eliminates excessive losses from deep percolation, surface runoff and conveyance losses
Land with irregular topography can be irrigated by sprinklers without much leveling and land preparation.
Can be used on soils with low water holding capacity
Can be used on sloping lands
Does not require field channels and thus more areas become available for crop production .
Fertigation and chemigation is possible
can be used for almost all crops and on most soils
Feasibility of frequent, small water amount applications for germination, cooling, frost protection, etc.
The closed water delivery system prevents contamination of the irrigation water.
A vast selection sprinkler nozzles facilitate the adjustment of the water precipitation rate to the intake rate of the applied water
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Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2. WHAT IS IRRIGATION
Irrigation is an artificial application of water to the soil
It is usually used to assist in growing crops in dry areas
and during periods of inadequate rainfall
3. IRRIGATION METHODS ARE MAINLY
CLASSIFIED INTO
Surface Irrigation
Subsurface Irrigation
Drip irrigation
Sprinkler irrigation
4. SPRINKLER IRRIGATION
Sprinkler irrigation is a method of applying irrigation water
which is similar to natural rainfall.
Water is distributed through a system of pipes usually by
pumping.
Water under pressure is carried and sprayed into the air
above the crop through a system
5.
6. DEFINITIONS
Water flow rate: In the metric system the units are: m3/h or
liter/h (l/h).
Wetting diameter
Sprinkler spacing: The spacing between the sprinklers along
and between the sprinkler laterals. For example: 12 m x 18 m.
Application rate: the amount of water applied to an area unit
per a unit of time: 1 mm/h = 1 m3 per 0.1 Ha/h = 10 m3 per Ha
per hour.
Irrigation cycle: The period between the beginning and the
termination of one irrigation event of a certain area.
Wind velocity: expressed in meters per second (m/sec.) or
km/h units.
8. IMPACT SPRINKLER
The impact sprinklers are fitted
with one, two or three nozzles.
This sprinkler type is
manufactured in diverse
material. With a 30⁰ ejection
angle it is used for overhead
irrigation of field crops and
orchards.
12. BIG GUN SPRINKLERS
Big size hammer sprinklers are made of brass .The working pressure is high
(4 - 8 bars). The sprinkler flow-rate range is 6 - 60 m3/h. Gun sprinklers are
used for irrigation of forage and field crops in Center-Pivot and Lateral-Move
irrigation machines and as a traveling gun in "standalone" configuration.
13.
14.
15.
16. POP UP SPRINKLERS
Pop up sprinklers commonly
used for lawn and golf courses
irrigation.
17.
18. GEAR DRIVEN SPRINKLERS
Gear driven sprinklers are used
mostly in residential and public
lawns irrigation. Some gun
sprinklers are also driven by a
turbine and velocity reduction
gear.
22. ADVANTAGES
Sprinkler irrigation is suitable to diverse topographic
conditions like uneven lands and steep slopes that cannot be
irrigated by surface irrigation.
A vast selection of emitters and nozzles facilitates the
matching of the water application rate to the intake rate of the
soil.
Uniform distribution of water in the field renders high water
use efficiency.
Minimizes labor requirement.
Feasibility of frequent small water dosage applications for
germination, cooling, frost protection, etc.
Convenient blending of fertilizers with the irrigation water.
Handy integration with automation and computerized irrigation
control devices.
23. DISADVANTAGES
High initial investment.
Extra cost of the energy consumed for creation of
water pressure.
Sensitivity to wind conditions.
Water losses by evaporation from soil surface, the
atmosphere and plant canopy.
Washout of pesticides from the foliage in overhead
irrigation.
Interference of irrigation with diverse farm activities
like tillage, spraying, harvesting, etc.
Editor's Notes
Darbeli sprinkler bir, iki veya üç meme ile donatılmıştır. Bu yağmurlama tipi farklı malzemeden imal edilmektedir. Bir 30⁰ fırlatma açısı ile bu tarla bitkileri ve meyve bahçeleri havadan sulama için kullanılmaktadır.
