The document provides an overview of various grammar topics in Spanish, including: the preterite and imperfect tenses, por vs. para, stressed possessive adjectives and pronouns, command forms, the present subjunctive, uses of the subjunctive, past participles, the present perfect and past perfect tenses, and the future and conditional tenses. It also covers topics like AR and ER/IR verb conjugations, uses of the preterite and imperfect, and forms of the subjunctive.

1. Julio Chupp

2.  Imperfect
 Preterite
 Por y Para
 Stressed Possessive adjectives & pronouns
 Usted & ustedes commands
 Present subjunctive
 Subjunctive with verbs of will & influence
 Subjunctive with verbs of emotion
 Subjunctive with verbs of doubt & disbelief
 Subjunctive conjunctions
 Subjunctive in Adjective Clauses
 Tú Commands
 Nosotros Commands
 Past Participles used as Adjectives
 Present Perfect
 Past Perfect
 Future Tense
 Conditional Tense
 Past Subjunctive

3. Ar Er Ir
Cantaba Tenía Salía
Cantabas Teníias Salías
Cantaba Tenía Salía
Cantábamos Teníamos Salíamos
Cantaban Tenían Salían
Use to: speak about background events in a story, talk about
something you used to do as a matter of habit, speak about
how old someone was, say what time it was

4. Ar verbs
é
aste
ó
amos
asteis
aron
Er/Ir
verbs
í
iste
ió
imos
isteis
ieron
used for past actions that are seen as completed

5. To express
gratitude/apology
“through”
“along”
“by”
“in the area of”
talking about
exchange, including
sales
to express a length
of time
to express cause or
reason

6. PARA
Indicate
Destination
“In order to”
“For”
“By”
“Considering”
Indicate
Purpose,
Intent,
Usefulness,
Need

7.  Short form
 Mi
 Tu
 Su
 Nuestro
 Vuestro
 Su
Long Form
Mio
Tuyo
Suyo
Nuestro
Vuestro
Suyo

8.  To form possessive pronoun:
 Use the long form of possessive adjective
 Add le, la, los, las based on the gender and
number of the noun
 Attach pronoun to reflexive when using reflexive
in infinitive form

9.  1) Start with the yo form of the present
indicative.
 2) Then drop the -o ending.
 3) Finally, add the following endings:
 -ar verbs:
-e (for Ud.), -en (for Uds.)
 -er and -ir verbs:
-a (for Ud.), -an (for Uds.)

10.  reflects how the speaker feels about the
action
 1) Start with the yo form of the present
indicative.
 2) Then drop the -o ending.
 3) Finally, add the following endings:
 -ar verbs:
-e, -es, -e, -emos, -éis, en
-er and -ir verbs:
-a, -as, -a, -amos, -áis, -an

11.  Rogar (o-ue)
 To beg/plead
 Recomendar (e-ie)
 To recommend
 Prohibir
 To prohibit
 Mandar
 To order
 Insistir
 To insist
Importar
To be
important
Aconsejar
To advise
Sugerir (e-ie)
To suggest

12. Es triste – it‟s sad
Ojála (que) – I hope that/wish
that
Sorprender – to surprise Temer – to be afraid/fear
Alegrarse (de) – to be happy
Esperar – to hope/wish Sentir (e-ie) – to be sorry/regret

13. Dudar – to doubt
Negar (e-ie) – to deny
Es imposible – it‟s impossible
No es cierto –
it‟s not true
No es seguro –
it‟s not
certain
Es improbable
– it‟s
improbable
No es verdad
– it‟s not true

14.  Es necassario que
 Es malo que
 Es triste que
 Es bueno que
 Es urgente que
 Es importante que

15.  Used to indicate that the existence of
someone or something is uncertain/indefinite
 Subjunctive – refers to person, place, thing that
either does not exist or whose existence is
uncertain/indefinite
 Indicative – refers to person, place, thing that is
clearly known

16.  AFFIRMATIVE - Drop the „S‟
 NEGATIVE – put in „yo‟ form and change to
opposite vowel, add „s‟
 Irregulars - TVDISHES
di
Ve
sé
Irregulars
pon
ten
haz
sal
ven

17.  Put in „yo‟ form and change to opposite
vowel
 Irregulars – TVDISHES
 This is for both affirmative/negative

18.  AR – ado
 ER/IR - ido
Abrir – abierto
Cubrir – cubierto
Decir – dicho
Escribir – escrito
Hacer – hecho
Morir – muerto
Poner – puesto
Resolver – resuelto
Romper – roto
Ver – vistro
Volver – vuelto
Ir - ido

19.  Frequently used for past
actions that continue
into the present
 AR – ado
 ER/IR - ido
 Pronouns
 Yo – he
 Tu – has
 El/ella – ha
 Nos – emos
 Uds. - han
Abrir – abierto
Cubrir – cubierto
Decir – dicho
Escribir – escrito
Hacer – hecho
Morir – muerto
Poner – puesto
Resolver – resuelto
Romper – roto
Ver – vistro
Volver – vuelto
Ir - ido

20.  AR – ado
 ER/IR - ido
 Pronouns
 Yo – había
 Tu – habías
 El/ella – había
 Nos – habíamos
 Uds. - habían
Abrir – abierto
Cubrir – cubierto
Decir – dicho
Escribir – escrito
Hacer – hecho
Morir – muerto
Poner – puesto
Resolver – resuelto
Romper – roto
Ver – vistro
Volver – vuelto
Ir - ido

21.  Infinitive (ar, er, ir, and irregular endings)
 é
 ás
 á
 emos
 án Decir – dir
Hacer - har
Poner – pondr
Salir - saldr
Tener – tendr
Venir - vendr
Poder – podr
Querer - querr
Saber – sabr
Haber - habr

22.  Infinitive + ending (ar, er, ir)
 ía
 ías
 ía
 íamos
 ían

23.  Preterite ending, take off RON, add …
 Ar, Er, Ir
 a
 as
 a
 ramos
 an
Ir/Ser - fuer
Influir - influyer
Pedir –
pidier Sentir -
sintier
Saber -
supier
Dormir -
durmier