2. Table of Contents Conditional + irregulars Perfect Tenses Present Past Presentperfectirregulars Subjunctiveperfect Tanto y tan Impersonal ‘se’ Saber vs. Conocer Los Mandatos Informal/Formal Affirmative Negative Irregular DOP + IOP placement Nosotros command -mono verbs Subjunctive Irregulars Triggerphrases Impersonal expression Expressions of emotion Conjunctions of time Demonstrative Adjectives Demonstrative Pronouns
3. Conditional and Irregulars Used to express probability and possibility. Would, could, should Yo correría si yo tengo piernas.
4. Perfect Tense Portray an act that is completed and not in progress It consists of two parts: Auxillary verb (haber) And a main verb All main verbs have the suffix –ado (-ar) or –ido (-ir)
8. Present Perfect Subjunctive Made the same way as present indicitive but haber is put into the subjunctive form
9. Tanto y Tan Tanto: Used as an adjective Tengotantodinerocomo Juan Tan: Used as an adverb Rita es tan altacomo Pablo
10. Impersonal “se” Usedwhenthereis no specificsubject Se is placed in front of a verb Always use a singular thirdpersonverb Se habla español Se come muy bien
11. Saber v. Conocer Saber means to know a fact or how to do something Conocer means to know someone or something or some place.
12. Los Mandatos Los Mandatos (commands) are used in order to tell someone to do something or to not do something
13. Informal/Formal There are twotypes of commands. Formal: talkingtosomeoneolderthanyou Informal: talkingto a brotherorfriend Usted/Ustedes, Tú, or Nosotros (Compra la ropa) (No compras) (Compremos) Can alsobeaffirmativeornegative
17. DOP and IOP The DOP and IOP can be placed beforetheverb of afteraninfinitiveorgerund. If placed aftertheinfinitive, itchangesthesyllibification, so anaccentmustbeadded. Yo la les bateo (I hit ittothem) Yo voy a bateársela. IOP DOP
19. -MONO Verbs -Mono verbs refer to the nosotros commands that change when nos or se are added. Comamosnos Comámonos For negative, put the pronoun before the verb
20. Subjunctive The subjunctive is used to express doubt or disbelief. Conjugation is the same as commands. Used with impersonal expressions. Wishing/Wanting Emotion Doubt Disbelief Impersonal expressions Negation God
21. Subjunctive Irregulars -Car, -Gar, -Zar TVDISHES Same as commands Dar (Dé, Des, Dé, Demos, Den) Estar (Esté, Estés, Esté, Estemos, Estén) Ir (Vaya, Vayas, Vaya, Vayamos, Vayan)
22. Trigger Phrases Trigger phrases are used to “trigger” the subjunctive tense. It helps the reader and the writer understand what tense the speaker is in. Impersonal Expressions Expresses of Emotion Conjunctions of Time
23. Impersonal Expressions Es buenoque… Es importanteque… Es imperativoque… Es necesarioque… Es facil/maloque… No esverdadque… (negation) The subjunctive is used after “que”
24. Expressions of Emotion Alegarse- to be happy Esperar- to wait/ to hope Sentir- to feel Soprender- to surprise Temer- to be afraid Ojalar- to hope
25. Conjunctions of Time Tan pronto como… (as soon as) Hastaque… (until) Luegoque… (as soon as) Despues de que… (after) Cuando… (when) Asique… (as soon as)
26. Demonstrative Adjectives Placed before the noun and agree in number and gender with the noun. This, that, these, those, that/those over there
