Sony IMX400 Tri-layer Stacked CMOS Image Sensor (CIS) with Integrated DRAM and DSP 2017 teardown reverse costing report published by Yole Developpement
A closer look at the impressive, industry-first, tri-layer stacked CIS.
Sony leads the global CMOS Image Sensor (CIS) market, commanding more than a third share of the industry’s total revenue. And over the years, Sony has maintained its leadership by providing innovative CIS products for original equipment manufacturers like Samsung or Apple. In 2017, Sony as a smartphone designer decided to release in its flagship the latest and potentially the greatest innovation in the past decade of CIS manufacturing.
Inside the Sony Xperia™ XZs and the XZ Premium, the latest Motion Eye™ can be found, with the new IMX400 CIS. This three-layer stacked CIS is made with the traditional pixel array and logic circuit on the same die, but also a 1Gb DRAM memory allowing slow motion at almost 960 frames per second.
This innovative CIS is Sony’s next generation technology. The CIS includes a 22 Mpixel array, a 1Gb DRAM die and a digital signal processor (DSP) on the same die footprint. This is the first tri-layer stacked CIS on the market. In this configuration, Sony can provide a fast readout image sensor with no distortion when shooting fast-moving objects thanks to the high capacity DRAM between the pixel array circuit and the DSP circuit.
Using Sony’s Exmor-RS and Xperi’s Zibond technologies, Sony has managed to integrate the three dies in a single thin, small and cost-effective sensor die. Surprisingly, the die sensor uses a unique sort of TSV at different levels to interconnect the dies.
This report includes a complete analysis of the camera module from the Sony Xperia™ XZs, featuring camera module disassembly and die analyses, processes and cross-sections. It also includes a comparison with the Samsung Galaxy S7, Apple iPhone 7 Plus, and Huawei P9 telephoto camera modules. At the CIS level, it compares the IMX400 with the IMX260, the IMX286, and the latest custom CIS for Apple from Sony’s portfolio. Finally, it contains a complete cost analysis and a selling price estimation of the CIS die.
More information on that report at http://www.i-micronews.com/reports.html
2.5D heterogeneous and 3D wafer-level stacking are reshaping the packaging landscape.
More information on that report at https://www.i-micronews.com/advanced-packaging-report/product/p2-5d-3d-tsv-wafer-level-stacking-technology-market-updates-2019.html
RF GaN Market: Applications, Players, Technology and Substrates 2019 report b...Yole Developpement
GaN RF market growth is fed by military and 5G wireless infrastructure applications.
More information on https://www.i-micronews.com/products/rf-gan-market-applications-players-technology-and-substrates-2019/
System-in-Package Technology and Market Trends 2020 report by Yole DéveloppementYole Developpement
How is System-in-Package capably meeting the stringent requirements of consumer applications?
More info here: https://www.i-micronews.com/products/system-in-package-technology-and-market-trends-2020/
3DIC and 2.5D TSV Interconnect for Advanced Packaging: 2016 Business Update -...Yole Developpement
3D TSV technology is becoming a key solution platform for heterogeneous interconnection, high end memory and performance applications.
TSVs have been adopted for MEMS, Sensors, and Memory devices. What will the next technology driver be?
Through-silicon vias (TSVs) have now become the preferred interconnect choice for high-end memory. They are also an enabling technology for heterogeneous integration of logic circuits with CMOS image sensors (CIS), MEMS, sensors, and radio frequency (RF) filters. In the near future they will also enable photonics and LED function integration. The market for 3D TSV and 2.5D interconnect is expected to reach around two million wafers in 2020, expanding at a 22% compound annual growth rate (CAGR). The growth is driven by increased adoption of 3D memory devices in high-end graphics, high-performance computing, networking and data centers, and penetration into new areas, including fingerprint and ambient light sensors, RF filters and LEDs.
CIS still commanded more than 70% % share of TSV market wafer volume in 2015, although this will decrease to around 60% by 2020. This is primarily due to the growth of the other TSV applications, led by 3D memories, RF filters and fingerprint sensors (FPS). However, hybrid stacked technology, which uses direct copper-copper bonding, not TSVs, will penetrate around 30% of CIS production by 2020. The TSV markets for RF filters and FPS are expected to reach around $1.6B and $0.5B by 2020 respectively. The report will explain the market’s dynamics and give an overview of all segments and key markets. It will also provide market data in terms of revenues, units and wafer starts for all the different segments, including market share.
The document describes the key steps in CMOS fabrication:
1. A p-type substrate is used, and n-well regions are defined through implantation to create isolation for p-MOSFETs.
2. Active device regions and field oxide isolation are then patterned, followed by gate oxide growth and polysilicon deposition.
3. Self-aligned implantation creates n-type and p-type source/drain regions. Additional metallization layers connect the transistors.
The document summarizes the history of integrated circuit fabrication technology from the 1940s to 2000s. Some key events include:
- The invention of the transistor at Bell Labs in 1947 laid the foundation for integrated circuits.
- Jack Kilby at Texas Instruments built the first integrated circuit in 1958 combining resistors, capacitors and transistors on a silicon chip.
- In 1959, planar technology was developed allowing more complex circuits to be built on chips using insulating and conducting layers.
- The microprocessor was invented in 1971 combining processor and memory on a single chip, enabling the computer revolution. Feature sizes continued to shrink following Moore's Law, increasing transistor counts and capabilities of chips over the decades.
2.5D heterogeneous and 3D wafer-level stacking are reshaping the packaging landscape.
More information on that report at https://www.i-micronews.com/advanced-packaging-report/product/p2-5d-3d-tsv-wafer-level-stacking-technology-market-updates-2019.html
RF GaN Market: Applications, Players, Technology and Substrates 2019 report b...Yole Developpement
GaN RF market growth is fed by military and 5G wireless infrastructure applications.
More information on https://www.i-micronews.com/products/rf-gan-market-applications-players-technology-and-substrates-2019/
System-in-Package Technology and Market Trends 2020 report by Yole DéveloppementYole Developpement
How is System-in-Package capably meeting the stringent requirements of consumer applications?
More info here: https://www.i-micronews.com/products/system-in-package-technology-and-market-trends-2020/
3DIC and 2.5D TSV Interconnect for Advanced Packaging: 2016 Business Update -...Yole Developpement
3D TSV technology is becoming a key solution platform for heterogeneous interconnection, high end memory and performance applications.
TSVs have been adopted for MEMS, Sensors, and Memory devices. What will the next technology driver be?
Through-silicon vias (TSVs) have now become the preferred interconnect choice for high-end memory. They are also an enabling technology for heterogeneous integration of logic circuits with CMOS image sensors (CIS), MEMS, sensors, and radio frequency (RF) filters. In the near future they will also enable photonics and LED function integration. The market for 3D TSV and 2.5D interconnect is expected to reach around two million wafers in 2020, expanding at a 22% compound annual growth rate (CAGR). The growth is driven by increased adoption of 3D memory devices in high-end graphics, high-performance computing, networking and data centers, and penetration into new areas, including fingerprint and ambient light sensors, RF filters and LEDs.
CIS still commanded more than 70% % share of TSV market wafer volume in 2015, although this will decrease to around 60% by 2020. This is primarily due to the growth of the other TSV applications, led by 3D memories, RF filters and fingerprint sensors (FPS). However, hybrid stacked technology, which uses direct copper-copper bonding, not TSVs, will penetrate around 30% of CIS production by 2020. The TSV markets for RF filters and FPS are expected to reach around $1.6B and $0.5B by 2020 respectively. The report will explain the market’s dynamics and give an overview of all segments and key markets. It will also provide market data in terms of revenues, units and wafer starts for all the different segments, including market share.
The document describes the key steps in CMOS fabrication:
1. A p-type substrate is used, and n-well regions are defined through implantation to create isolation for p-MOSFETs.
2. Active device regions and field oxide isolation are then patterned, followed by gate oxide growth and polysilicon deposition.
3. Self-aligned implantation creates n-type and p-type source/drain regions. Additional metallization layers connect the transistors.
The document summarizes the history of integrated circuit fabrication technology from the 1940s to 2000s. Some key events include:
- The invention of the transistor at Bell Labs in 1947 laid the foundation for integrated circuits.
- Jack Kilby at Texas Instruments built the first integrated circuit in 1958 combining resistors, capacitors and transistors on a silicon chip.
- In 1959, planar technology was developed allowing more complex circuits to be built on chips using insulating and conducting layers.
- The microprocessor was invented in 1971 combining processor and memory on a single chip, enabling the computer revolution. Feature sizes continued to shrink following Moore's Law, increasing transistor counts and capabilities of chips over the decades.
Fan-Out and Embedded Die: Technologies & Market Trends 2015 Report by Yole De...Yole Developpement
Fan-Out and Embedded Die: Two promising Wafer/Panel-Level-Packaging technologies. What are the next steps for the growth?
Fan-Out Wafer Level Packaging is already in high-volume – but it’s about to grow even more strongly
Fan-Out Wafer Level Packaging (FOWLP) started volume commercialization in 2009/2010 and started promisingly, with initial push by Intel Mobile. However, it was limited to a narrow range of applications – essentially single die packages for cell phone baseband chips – reaching its limit in 2011. In 2012 big fab-less wireless/mobile players started slowly volume production after qualifying the technology...
An integrated circuit consists of active and passive components fabricated together on a single crystal of silicon. It offers advantages like miniaturization, cost reduction, improved reliability and performance. The basic processes to fabricate monolithic ICs include silicon wafer preparation, epitaxial growth, oxidation, photolithography, diffusion, ion implantation, isolation techniques and metallization. Each process involves multiple steps to introduce impurities, create circuit patterns and interconnect components on a chip, which is then packaged.
Power SiC 2018: Materials, Devices and Applications 2018 Report by Yole Devel...Yole Developpement
Automotive is putting SiC on the road. Is the supply chain ready?
More information on that report at : https://www.i-micronews.com/category-listing/product/power-sic-2018-materials-devices-and-applications.html
ALD/CVD applications, equipment and precursors in high volume manufacturingJonas Sundqvist
This document discusses trends in atomic layer deposition (ALD) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) applications, equipment, and precursors for high-volume manufacturing. It notes that ALD equipment sales have grown to $1.8-1.9 billion annually, with 300mm spatial ALD and multi-wafer tools gaining market share. Advanced logic and memory nodes like 10nm and 7nm are driving increased use of ALD for applications like high-k dielectrics. Key precursor suppliers are also discussed.
This document describes the key process steps in a standard CMOS fabrication process flow. It begins with an overview of basic CMOS circuits and substrate preparation. Then each major step is outlined, including well formation through ion implantation, gate oxide growth, polysilicon deposition and patterning, source/drain implantation and annealing. Additional metal layers are deposited and patterned before passivation completes the CMOS structure. The process requires 16 photomasks and over 100 individual process steps to fabricate modern integrated circuits using complementary NMOS and PMOS transistors.
SiC: An advanced semiconductor material for power devicesSOUMEN GIRI
The document provides an overview of wide bandgap semiconductors like silicon carbide for replacing silicon in power electronics applications. It discusses the crystal structure and properties of silicon carbide that give it advantages over silicon like higher breakdown voltage and thermal stability. These allow silicon carbide devices to operate at higher voltages, temperatures, and frequencies. The document compares the performance of commercial silicon carbide Schottky diodes to silicon PN diodes, showing the silicon carbide diodes have lower conduction and switching losses. Adopting silicon carbide power electronics can provide benefits like increased efficiency and reduced system size and cooling requirements.
This document discusses challenges for future mmWave technology in mobile devices and potential solutions. It begins by reviewing increasing complexity in current RF front-end modules driven by the adoption of new cellular standards and frequency bands. It then discusses the need for integrated mmWave front-end and transceiver modules to support 5G, including requirements for high performance, low-loss backend-of-line technology, and accurate RF modeling. The document argues that RF SOI is well suited to meet these needs through transistor stacking, reduced parasitics, and demonstrated high performance at mmWave frequencies in power amplifiers, switches, and low-noise amplifiers.
This document provides an overview of the fabrication process for integrated circuits. It begins by describing how raw silicon is refined and cut into wafers for processing. The key steps of fabrication include deposition, removal, patterning, and modifying electrical properties. Transistors are constructed through a series of front-end and back-end processing steps involving deposition, etching, and lithography. Basic transistor behavior and potential latch-up issues are also explained. The document provides details on transistor structure, electrical modeling, and techniques for avoiding latch-up failures during fabrication.
Nano-Imprint Technology Trends for Semiconductor Applications 2019 Report by...Yole Developpement
Nano-Imprint Lithography is revived by photonics and biochips as well as front-end memory applications.
More information on: https://www.i-micronews.com/products/nano-imprint-technology-trends-for-semiconductor-applications-2019/
HIGH-K DEVICES BY ALD FOR SEMICONDUCTOR APPLICATIONSJonas Sundqvist
This document summarizes research on high-k dielectric devices fabricated using atomic layer deposition (ALD) for semiconductor applications presented by researchers from the Fraunhofer Institute for Photonic Microsystems. It discusses the history of ALD deposition of high-k materials like TiO2 and laminates of Ta2O5 and HfO2 for capacitor applications in the 1990s. It also summarizes the development of TiN/ZrO2-based capacitors and research on ALD HfO2 for emerging ferroelectric memory devices. Finally, it discusses the fabrication of 3D capacitor structures using ALD with densities over 250 nF/mm2 and possibilities for 3D integration of ferroelectric HfO2
Thermal oxidation is a process used to grow silicon dioxide films on silicon substrates. It involves heating silicon in an oxygen-containing environment to form a stable silicon-dioxide layer. The growth rate of the oxide layer follows a Deal-Grove model based on diffusion and reaction kinetics. While this model accurately describes thicker oxide growth, additional terms are needed to model the initially faster growth rate of very thin oxides. The oxidation rate depends on factors like temperature, oxidizing ambient, crystal orientation, and dopant concentration.
Wafer starts for More than Moore applications 2018 Report by Yole Developpement Yole Developpement
Driven by megatrend markets, More than Moore devices’ overall wafer demand is expected to grow at an almost 10% CAGR from 2017 to 2023.
More information on that report at https://www.i-micronews.com/report/product/wafer-starts-for-more-than-moore-applications.html
Fan-Out Packaging: Technologies and Market Trends 2019 report by Yole Dévelop...Yole Developpement
Samsung and PTI, with panel-level packaging, have entered the Fan-Out battlefield.
More information on that report at : https://www.i-micronews.com/report/product/fan-out-packaging-technologies-and-market-trends-2019.htm
Have an overview of the most conventionally utilized crystal growth techniques: process, diagrams, advantages, and disadvantages. This is the presentation of my "PV cells and materials" course at the MSc Engg. level.
5G’s Impact on RF Front-End Module and Connectivity for Cell phones 2019 by Y...Yole Developpement
The battle for 5G still rages: integration in-module or with discrete parts?
More information on: https://www.i-micronews.com/products/5gs-impact-on-rf-front-end-module-and-connectivity-for-cell-phones-2019/
Extreme UV (EUV) lithography uses light with a wavelength of 13.5nm to enable the next generation of smaller computer chips. It relies on specialized curved mirrors coated with molybdenum and silicon instead of lenses, since materials absorb EUV light. The only viable source of 13.5nm light is a hot plasma created by firing a powerful laser at a target. EUV lithography requires operating in a vacuum and developing new resist materials since existing ones strongly absorb the short wavelength light. It holds the potential to further advance computer processing power through smaller transistor sizes.
Mems and sensors packaging technology and trends presentation held by Amandin...Yole Developpement
MEMS & sensors transitioning towards 3 main Hubs…
The inertial hub
Examples of MEMS companies with a «sensors integration» road (e.g., mCubewith iGyro, Spectral Engines with integrated spectrometer, Bosch with environmental combo sensors, AMS with optical combos, InvenSense with IMUs ….
Semiconductor manufacturing roadmaps are contingent upon the lithography tool supplier product. EUV appears to be a viable alternative to DP/HP immersion. ASML details their EUV roadmap, and offers specifications and a look at upgrades for next node product.
Status of the CMOS Image Sensor Industry 2016: New Dynamics in Market and Tec...Yole Developpement
New functions are pushing change in CMOS image sensors, boosting the market toward $18.8B in 2021 at 10.4% CAGR
Beyond $10B: The CMOS image sensor industry keeps growing at high pace
Driven by renewed mobile and automotive applications, the CMOS image sensor (CIS) industry is expected to expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 10.4% from 2015 to 2021, reaching US$18.8B market value by 2021.
Yole Développement expects sustained growth of the CMOS image sensor industry for the next five years. Increasing camera content in smartphones will more than offset slower smartphone volume growth. The trend for dual and 3D cameras will have a major impact on CIS volumes. While it is too early to fully describe the strategy of the main actors yet, some products are already on the market. The 2016 report comprehensively covers key market and technology choices.
One big story this year is the consumer market, which is recovering from the total collapse of digital photography. While action cameras seem to have reached a ceiling, new applications such as drones, robots, virtual reality and augmented reality are ready to rejuvenate this emblematic market. The Automotive camera market has established itself as a key growth market for CIS. The Advanced Driver Assistance (ADAS) trend is further increasing pressure on vendors to provide sensors beyond their current technical capabilities. Image analysis is the new frontier and early usage of artificial intelligence is catching people’s imagination. We are therefore in the middle of an explosive growth pattern that will not slow down before 2021. An exceptionally high 23% CAGR is predicted in automotive for the 2015-2021 period.
LG LA080WV3 –8-inch Display with Touch Panel for Car Navigation 2017 teardown...Yole Developpement
An inside look at the reasons why LG Display is one of the top players in the automotive display market
Automotive displays are increasingly replacing mechanical meters and buttons, and the display market is therefore forecasted to grow rapidly over the next few years.
However, it is still unclear which suppliers will emerge as long-term winners. To fulfill the requirements of the market and its users, it is important to consider various conditions and specifications.
Display characteristics like luminance, contrast ratio, greyscale, and color, and their maintenance under automotive conditions of varying temperature and ambient light must continually improve.
LG Display provides smart infotainment to drivers and passengers. Its advanced high performance in-plane switching (AH-IPS) enables high resolution, high luminance and wide viewing angle, which is the display standard in smart cars.
LG Display stays competitive by combining low-cost manufacturing at its Nanjing site and the experience it has acquired in the automotive market.
This report presents a complete teardown analysis of LG’s LA080WV3 8-inch display and the associated touchscreen extracted from the Hyundai Tucson.
Based on this, it provides the bill-of-material (BOM) and manufacturing cost of the display module. The report also offers a complete physical analysis and manufacturing cost estimate for every part, including the backlight module and the different mechanical frames.
Fan-Out and Embedded Die: Technologies & Market Trends 2015 Report by Yole De...Yole Developpement
Fan-Out and Embedded Die: Two promising Wafer/Panel-Level-Packaging technologies. What are the next steps for the growth?
Fan-Out Wafer Level Packaging is already in high-volume – but it’s about to grow even more strongly
Fan-Out Wafer Level Packaging (FOWLP) started volume commercialization in 2009/2010 and started promisingly, with initial push by Intel Mobile. However, it was limited to a narrow range of applications – essentially single die packages for cell phone baseband chips – reaching its limit in 2011. In 2012 big fab-less wireless/mobile players started slowly volume production after qualifying the technology...
An integrated circuit consists of active and passive components fabricated together on a single crystal of silicon. It offers advantages like miniaturization, cost reduction, improved reliability and performance. The basic processes to fabricate monolithic ICs include silicon wafer preparation, epitaxial growth, oxidation, photolithography, diffusion, ion implantation, isolation techniques and metallization. Each process involves multiple steps to introduce impurities, create circuit patterns and interconnect components on a chip, which is then packaged.
Power SiC 2018: Materials, Devices and Applications 2018 Report by Yole Devel...Yole Developpement
Automotive is putting SiC on the road. Is the supply chain ready?
More information on that report at : https://www.i-micronews.com/category-listing/product/power-sic-2018-materials-devices-and-applications.html
ALD/CVD applications, equipment and precursors in high volume manufacturingJonas Sundqvist
This document discusses trends in atomic layer deposition (ALD) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) applications, equipment, and precursors for high-volume manufacturing. It notes that ALD equipment sales have grown to $1.8-1.9 billion annually, with 300mm spatial ALD and multi-wafer tools gaining market share. Advanced logic and memory nodes like 10nm and 7nm are driving increased use of ALD for applications like high-k dielectrics. Key precursor suppliers are also discussed.
This document describes the key process steps in a standard CMOS fabrication process flow. It begins with an overview of basic CMOS circuits and substrate preparation. Then each major step is outlined, including well formation through ion implantation, gate oxide growth, polysilicon deposition and patterning, source/drain implantation and annealing. Additional metal layers are deposited and patterned before passivation completes the CMOS structure. The process requires 16 photomasks and over 100 individual process steps to fabricate modern integrated circuits using complementary NMOS and PMOS transistors.
SiC: An advanced semiconductor material for power devicesSOUMEN GIRI
The document provides an overview of wide bandgap semiconductors like silicon carbide for replacing silicon in power electronics applications. It discusses the crystal structure and properties of silicon carbide that give it advantages over silicon like higher breakdown voltage and thermal stability. These allow silicon carbide devices to operate at higher voltages, temperatures, and frequencies. The document compares the performance of commercial silicon carbide Schottky diodes to silicon PN diodes, showing the silicon carbide diodes have lower conduction and switching losses. Adopting silicon carbide power electronics can provide benefits like increased efficiency and reduced system size and cooling requirements.
This document discusses challenges for future mmWave technology in mobile devices and potential solutions. It begins by reviewing increasing complexity in current RF front-end modules driven by the adoption of new cellular standards and frequency bands. It then discusses the need for integrated mmWave front-end and transceiver modules to support 5G, including requirements for high performance, low-loss backend-of-line technology, and accurate RF modeling. The document argues that RF SOI is well suited to meet these needs through transistor stacking, reduced parasitics, and demonstrated high performance at mmWave frequencies in power amplifiers, switches, and low-noise amplifiers.
This document provides an overview of the fabrication process for integrated circuits. It begins by describing how raw silicon is refined and cut into wafers for processing. The key steps of fabrication include deposition, removal, patterning, and modifying electrical properties. Transistors are constructed through a series of front-end and back-end processing steps involving deposition, etching, and lithography. Basic transistor behavior and potential latch-up issues are also explained. The document provides details on transistor structure, electrical modeling, and techniques for avoiding latch-up failures during fabrication.
Nano-Imprint Technology Trends for Semiconductor Applications 2019 Report by...Yole Developpement
Nano-Imprint Lithography is revived by photonics and biochips as well as front-end memory applications.
More information on: https://www.i-micronews.com/products/nano-imprint-technology-trends-for-semiconductor-applications-2019/
HIGH-K DEVICES BY ALD FOR SEMICONDUCTOR APPLICATIONSJonas Sundqvist
This document summarizes research on high-k dielectric devices fabricated using atomic layer deposition (ALD) for semiconductor applications presented by researchers from the Fraunhofer Institute for Photonic Microsystems. It discusses the history of ALD deposition of high-k materials like TiO2 and laminates of Ta2O5 and HfO2 for capacitor applications in the 1990s. It also summarizes the development of TiN/ZrO2-based capacitors and research on ALD HfO2 for emerging ferroelectric memory devices. Finally, it discusses the fabrication of 3D capacitor structures using ALD with densities over 250 nF/mm2 and possibilities for 3D integration of ferroelectric HfO2
Thermal oxidation is a process used to grow silicon dioxide films on silicon substrates. It involves heating silicon in an oxygen-containing environment to form a stable silicon-dioxide layer. The growth rate of the oxide layer follows a Deal-Grove model based on diffusion and reaction kinetics. While this model accurately describes thicker oxide growth, additional terms are needed to model the initially faster growth rate of very thin oxides. The oxidation rate depends on factors like temperature, oxidizing ambient, crystal orientation, and dopant concentration.
Wafer starts for More than Moore applications 2018 Report by Yole Developpement Yole Developpement
Driven by megatrend markets, More than Moore devices’ overall wafer demand is expected to grow at an almost 10% CAGR from 2017 to 2023.
More information on that report at https://www.i-micronews.com/report/product/wafer-starts-for-more-than-moore-applications.html
Fan-Out Packaging: Technologies and Market Trends 2019 report by Yole Dévelop...Yole Developpement
Samsung and PTI, with panel-level packaging, have entered the Fan-Out battlefield.
More information on that report at : https://www.i-micronews.com/report/product/fan-out-packaging-technologies-and-market-trends-2019.htm
Have an overview of the most conventionally utilized crystal growth techniques: process, diagrams, advantages, and disadvantages. This is the presentation of my "PV cells and materials" course at the MSc Engg. level.
5G’s Impact on RF Front-End Module and Connectivity for Cell phones 2019 by Y...Yole Developpement
The battle for 5G still rages: integration in-module or with discrete parts?
More information on: https://www.i-micronews.com/products/5gs-impact-on-rf-front-end-module-and-connectivity-for-cell-phones-2019/
Extreme UV (EUV) lithography uses light with a wavelength of 13.5nm to enable the next generation of smaller computer chips. It relies on specialized curved mirrors coated with molybdenum and silicon instead of lenses, since materials absorb EUV light. The only viable source of 13.5nm light is a hot plasma created by firing a powerful laser at a target. EUV lithography requires operating in a vacuum and developing new resist materials since existing ones strongly absorb the short wavelength light. It holds the potential to further advance computer processing power through smaller transistor sizes.
Mems and sensors packaging technology and trends presentation held by Amandin...Yole Developpement
MEMS & sensors transitioning towards 3 main Hubs…
The inertial hub
Examples of MEMS companies with a «sensors integration» road (e.g., mCubewith iGyro, Spectral Engines with integrated spectrometer, Bosch with environmental combo sensors, AMS with optical combos, InvenSense with IMUs ….
Semiconductor manufacturing roadmaps are contingent upon the lithography tool supplier product. EUV appears to be a viable alternative to DP/HP immersion. ASML details their EUV roadmap, and offers specifications and a look at upgrades for next node product.
Status of the CMOS Image Sensor Industry 2016: New Dynamics in Market and Tec...Yole Developpement
New functions are pushing change in CMOS image sensors, boosting the market toward $18.8B in 2021 at 10.4% CAGR
Beyond $10B: The CMOS image sensor industry keeps growing at high pace
Driven by renewed mobile and automotive applications, the CMOS image sensor (CIS) industry is expected to expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 10.4% from 2015 to 2021, reaching US$18.8B market value by 2021.
Yole Développement expects sustained growth of the CMOS image sensor industry for the next five years. Increasing camera content in smartphones will more than offset slower smartphone volume growth. The trend for dual and 3D cameras will have a major impact on CIS volumes. While it is too early to fully describe the strategy of the main actors yet, some products are already on the market. The 2016 report comprehensively covers key market and technology choices.
One big story this year is the consumer market, which is recovering from the total collapse of digital photography. While action cameras seem to have reached a ceiling, new applications such as drones, robots, virtual reality and augmented reality are ready to rejuvenate this emblematic market. The Automotive camera market has established itself as a key growth market for CIS. The Advanced Driver Assistance (ADAS) trend is further increasing pressure on vendors to provide sensors beyond their current technical capabilities. Image analysis is the new frontier and early usage of artificial intelligence is catching people’s imagination. We are therefore in the middle of an explosive growth pattern that will not slow down before 2021. An exceptionally high 23% CAGR is predicted in automotive for the 2015-2021 period.
LG LA080WV3 –8-inch Display with Touch Panel for Car Navigation 2017 teardown...Yole Developpement
An inside look at the reasons why LG Display is one of the top players in the automotive display market
Automotive displays are increasingly replacing mechanical meters and buttons, and the display market is therefore forecasted to grow rapidly over the next few years.
However, it is still unclear which suppliers will emerge as long-term winners. To fulfill the requirements of the market and its users, it is important to consider various conditions and specifications.
Display characteristics like luminance, contrast ratio, greyscale, and color, and their maintenance under automotive conditions of varying temperature and ambient light must continually improve.
LG Display provides smart infotainment to drivers and passengers. Its advanced high performance in-plane switching (AH-IPS) enables high resolution, high luminance and wide viewing angle, which is the display standard in smart cars.
LG Display stays competitive by combining low-cost manufacturing at its Nanjing site and the experience it has acquired in the automotive market.
This report presents a complete teardown analysis of LG’s LA080WV3 8-inch display and the associated touchscreen extracted from the Hyundai Tucson.
Based on this, it provides the bill-of-material (BOM) and manufacturing cost of the display module. The report also offers a complete physical analysis and manufacturing cost estimate for every part, including the backlight module and the different mechanical frames.
Status of the CMOS Image Sensor Industry 2017 - Report by Yole DeveloppementYole Developpement
New applications are transforming the market and technology playing field for CMOS image sensors
It’s ten years down the line from the initial Apple iPhone that started the smartphone era. Since then, CMOS imaging has benefited from huge market demand and a technology-driven environment, resulting in an $11.6B industry in 2016. Photography and video is the main application, which is totally transformed by new use cases, new devices and new technologies.
The mobile market is key for the CMOS image sensor (CIS) industry. Despite saturation in the number of handsets, the CIS market has been able to maintain a 10.5% compound annual growth rate (CAGR) for the 2016-2022 period due to the introduction of dual and 3D cameras. These additional cameras are changing the industry’s drivers from form factor and image quality to interactivity.
Penetration into higher added value markets such as automotive, security and medical shows that CIS products are transforming use cases across the board. CIS technology adoption allows greater automation levels at low cost, while using newly available computing architectures such as deep learning. The CMOS image sensor industry is currently in a virtuous circle where a new technology is providing true customer value.
MEMS and Sensors for Automotive 2017 Report by Yole Developpement Yole Developpement
How will sensor technology shape the cars of the future? We are only at the very beginning of a bright future for sensor providers – be prepared for the golden age of the automotive sensor industry.
THE REBORN AUTOMOTIVE SENSOR MARKET WILL BE WORTH MORE THAN $20B BY 2022
In a global automotive market worth than US$2.3T, the little world of automotive sensors has recently been shaken up by the emergence of electric and autonomous cars. Despite just 3% growth in the volume of cars sold expected through to 2022, Yole Développement (Yole) expects an average growth rate in sensors sales volumes above 8% over the next five years, and above 14% growth in sales value. This is thanks to the expanding integration of high value sensing modules like RADAR, imaging and LiDAR. The current automotive sensing market groups MEMS and classic active sensors such as pressure, tire pressure monitoring systems (TPMS), chemical, inertial, magnetic, ultrasonic, imaging, RADAR and LiDAR. We estimate that this market is worth US$11B in 2016 and is expected to reach US$23B by 2022. This is mainly due to the boom in imaging, RADAR and LiDAR sensors, which will respectively be worth US$7.7B, US$6.2B and US$1.4B by 2022. Among classical sensors like pressure, chemical and magnetic sensors, the impact of electric vehicles will remain small in the short term. However, the advent of electrical vehicles will greatly change the amount and the distribution of pressure and magnetic sensors within the car in the longer term. More electric cars will mean fewer pressure sensors and a surge in magnetic sensors for battery monitoring and various positioning and detection of moving pieces. Finally, we believe that the automotive world is experiencing one of the fastest-changing eras in its evolution ever. Sensor suppliers are now engaged in a race where they need to be prepared for the golden age of the automotive world.
This report describes the applications, technologies, and players associated with the automotive sensor market’s impending changes.
More information on that report at http://www.i-micronews.com/reports.html
This report analyzes and compares 24 camera modules from consumer and automotive applications. It examines 19 camera modules from flagship smartphones, including rear-facing standard, dual, and 3D modules as well as front-facing standard and dual/iris scanner modules. Physical analysis of the modules provides insights into their structure, integration, lenses, sensor resolution, and pixel size. It also analyzes 5 automotive camera modules. The report explains technology choices by major players and compares competitors. Mobile technology is driving demands for better performance in constrained footprints, transforming sensor technology with stacked BSI.
Camera Module Industry 2017 Report by Yole Developpement Yole Developpement
New technologies and applications have restructured the Compact Camera Module industry
AT 12.2% CAGR FOR THE NEXT FIVE YEARS, THE COMPACT CAMERA MODULE INDUSTRY (CCM) IS A GROWTH POWERHOUSE WITH NUMEROUS LARGE COMPANIES THRIVING IN A DYNAMIC MARKET
In 2015, Yole Développement published its first report on the camera module industry and mentioned the immaturity of the ecosystem with numerous small players especially for module assembly. Now the dust has settled and giant camera module players have emerged such as LG Innotek, Semco, Foxconn Sharp, O-Film and Sunny Optical. This 2017 edition is giving you the insights into the trajectory of the industry and of more than 30 players serving mobile and other applications such as automotive and security.
Historically one could differentiate the faith of camera module market from the sub parts such as the image sensor, the lens and the autofocus or optical image stabilization system (Voice Coil Motors - VCM). It seems that differentiated growth has now ended and every sub segment is enjoying almost equal benefit from the rising market tide. This convergence is in part due to the end of quasi-monopoly from Sony in the image sensor sub-segment now joined by Samsung and Omnivision. The story is very similar for Largan Precision in the lens set sub-segment which is now facing renewed competition from Sunny Optical, Kantatsu and Genious Optical.
The last sub-domain of our interest in this report is VCMs. The growth of VCM companies has been undercut by dire structuration efforts. We had mentioned the inability of the VCM to serve the demand in the mobile market. Price pressures have changed the face of competition with competitors such as Mitsumi and Shicoh which were forced out and new players such as New Shicoh and Jawha to take center stage.
More information on that report at http://www.i-micronews.com/reports.html
Imaging Technologies for Automotive 2016 Report by Yole Developpement Yole Developpement
Imaging technology, which is currently mainly cameras, is exploding into the automotive space, and is set to grow at 20% CAGR to reach $7.3B in 2021
INFOTAINMENT AND ADVANCED DRIVER ASSISTANCE SYSTEMS (ADAS) PROPEL AUTOMOTIVE IMAGING
Since 2008, when a recession acted as a wakeup call to the whole industry, the automotive market has undergone obvious structural change. Capitalizing on technologies initially developed for smartphones, electronics have invaded, and imaging technology is now taking center stage. From less than one camera per car on average in 2015, there will be more than three cameras per car by 2021, which means 371 million automotive imaging devices.
Cameras were initially mounted for ADAS purposes on high-end vehicles, with deep learning image analysis techniques promoting early adoption. The Israeli company Mobileye has been instrumental in bringing this technology to market, along with On Semiconductor, which provided the CMOS image sensor. Copycat competition will probably pick up as the market now justifies initial investment in design and technology. It is now a well-established fact that vision-based autonomous emergency braking (AEB) is possible and saves life. Adoption of forward ADAS cameras will therefore accelerate.
Growth of imaging for automotive is also being fueled by the park assist application, and 360° surround view camera volume is skyrocketing. While it’s becoming mandatory in the US to have a rearview camera, that uptake is dwarfed by 360° surround view cameras, which enable a “bird’s eye view” perspective. This trend is most beneficial to companies like Omnivision at sensor level and Panasonic and Valeo, which have become the main manufacturers of automotive cameras.
Mirror replacement cameras are currently the big unknown and take-off will primarily depend on its appeal and car design regulation. Europe and Japan are at the forefront of this trend, which should become slightly significant by 2021.
Solid state lidar is well talked about and will start to be found in high end cars by 2021. Cost reduction will be a key driver as the push for semi-autonomous driving will be felt more strongly by car manufacturers. The report will analyse the impact of lidar for automotive vision in detail.
Night vision cameras using Long Wave Infrared (LWIR) technology were initially perceived as a status symbol. However, they’re increasingly appreciated for their ability to automatically detect pedestrians and wildlife. LWIR will therefore become integrated into ADAS systems in future.
3D cameras will be limited to in-cabin infotainment and driver monitoring. This technology will be key for luxury cars and therefore is of limited use today.
If any significant semi-autonomous trend picks up, the technology will probably become mandatory, due to safety issues.
More information on that report at http://www.i-micronews.com/reports.html
Imaging Technologies for Automotive 2016 Report by Yole Developpement
Similar to Sony IMX400 Tri-layer Stacked CMOS Image Sensor (CIS) with Integrated DRAM and DSP 2017 teardown reverse costing report published by Yole Developpement
Autoliv’s 3rd Generation Automotive Night Vision Camera with FLIR’s ISC0901 M...Yole Developpement
Infrared camera and electronic control unit for advanced driver assistance systems based on FLIR night vision imaging technology
Based on a high definition ISC0901 microbolometer from FLIR, the Autoliv night vision infrared camera targets the high-end automotive market using two FLIR cores. Based on the solid first design from 2009, the microbolometer offers better performance in definition and frame rate. The camera also embraces the quality approach with a complex optical system and powers its night vision using sophisticated numerical processing based on an Altera field-programmable gate array (FPGA) and custom algorithm.
The Autoliv night vision camera consists of two modules, the camera and a remote processing unit. The system is made very compact and easy to integrate for car makers.
The ISC0901 thermal camera uses FLIR’s 17µm pixel design, optimized for automotive applications. Based on vanadium oxide technology, the ISC0901 microbolometer features a 336x256 resolution wafer level package, achieving an incredibly compact design.
The ISC0901 is the automotive version of a surveillance microbolometer. By using wafer level package technology to encapsulate the microbolometer FLIR offers the best price performance ratio.
This report is divided into two parts, one focused on the microbolometer and the second on the other systems. It is based on a complete teardown analysis of the night vision camera and the associated electronic control unit. Using this, it provides the bill-of-material (BOM) and manufacturing cost of the infrared camera. The report also offers a complete physical analysis and manufacturing cost estimate of the infrared module, including the lens module and the microbolometer itself.
The report’s final component is a comparison between the characteristics of the FLIR ISC0901, FLIR Lepton 3 and the PICO384P from ULIS. The comparison highlights differences in technical choices made by the companies.
More information on that report at http://www.i-micronews.com/reports.html
ZF S-Cam 4 – Forward Automotive Mono and Tri Camera for Advanced Driver Assis...system_plus
Fourth generation of the S-Cam family from the leading ADAS camera player.
Structure, process and cost report - find more here: https://www.systemplus.fr/reverse-costing-reports/zf-s-cam-4-forward-automotive-mono-and-tri-camera-for-adas/
FLIR Boson – a small, innovative,low power, smart thermal camera core 2017 te...Yole Developpement
An infrared camera with a powerful vision processor in a small package, using a new 12μm microbolometer.
Based on a high definition ISC1406L micro-bolometer, the FLIR Boson thermal camera aims at a wide range of markets: military, drones, automotive, security and firefighting. Thanks to sound technological and economic choices, the microbolometer offers very good performance in definition and frame rate at low cost. The camera core’s economical approach involves new lens technology and sophisticated vision processing from Intel/Movidius to power its infrared vision.
The FLIR Boson camera core occupies only 4.9cm3 without its lens, including a 320x256 pixel microbolometer and an advanced processor. The system is made very compact and easy for integrators to handle. It includes a new chalcogenide glass for the lens and a powerful Vision Processing Unit for the first time.
More information on that report at http://www.i-micronews.com/reports.html
STMicroelectronics’ Near Infrared Camera Sensor in the Apple iPhone X - 2017 ...system_plus
The document provides a detailed analysis of the near infrared (NIR) camera sensor used in the Apple iPhone X for facial recognition. It includes a teardown of the true depth camera module containing the NIR sensor from STMicroelectronics. Physical analysis of the module reveals a lens module, filter, and ceramic substrate. Analysis of the ST NIR sensor die shows it has small pixels below 4 μm, a resolution of 2 megapixels, and was manufactured using ST's 140nm process on an Imager-SOI substrate from Soitec. The report also provides a cost analysis of manufacturing the sensor die and module, estimating the manufacturer price to be around $15. The document compares the ST sensor to other NIR sensors
Orbbec’s Front 3D Depth Sensing System in the Oppo Find Xsystem_plus
The first introduction of Orbbec’s 3D front depth sensing system in a mobile application featuring a global shutter, a dot projector and a custom system-on-chip.
More information on that report at: https://www.systemplus.fr/reverse-costing-reports/orbbecs-front-3d-depth-sensing-system-in-the-oppo-find-x/
Melexis Time of Flight Imager for Automotive Applications 2017 teardown rever...Yole Developpement
This document provides a reverse costing analysis of the Melexis MLX75023 3D time-of-flight image sensor. It includes a physical analysis of the glass ball grid array package and die, a comparison to other ToF technologies, a breakdown of the manufacturing process, and a cost analysis. Key findings include that the sensor uses a cutting-edge time-of-flight pixel design licensed from Softkinetic and packaged using a thin glass BGA. The report estimates production costs and sells price based on detailed analysis of materials, fabrication steps, and supply chain.
Mantis Vision’s 3D Depth Sensing System in the Xiaomi Mi8 Explorer Editionsystem_plus
The first introduction of Mantis Vision’s technology into a mobile application, featuring coded structured light.
More information on that report at: https://www.systemplus.fr/reverse-costing-reports/mantis-visions-3d-depth-sensing-system-in-the-xiaomi-mi8-explorer-edition/
Apple iPhone X – Infrared Dot Projector 2017 teardown reverse costing report ...system_plus
The world’s most advanced dot projector for 3D sensing
with four innovative parts:
Its package; a dedicated VCSEL; a folded optic; and the active DOE.
Apple has made a great technology choice with its 3D facial identification for the iPhone X. The new technology is presented as being 20 times more accurate than the older fingerprint approach with a one-in-a million probability of a random person unlocking your iPhone.
Texas Instruments’ Time of Flight Image Sensor 2017 teardown reverse costing ...Yole Developpement
A look into Texas Instruments’ system-on-chip, including Sony/Softkinetic’s time-of-flight pixel technology, for industrial applications
Today, Time-of-Flight (ToF) systems are among the most innovative technologies offering imaging companies an opportunity to lead the market. Every major player wants to integrate these devices to provide functions such as 3D imaging, proximity sensing, ambient light sensing and gesture recognition.
Sony/Softkinetic has been investigating this technology deeply, providing a unique pixel technology to several image sensor manufacturers in three application areas: consumer, automotive and industrial. For industrial applications, Sony/Softkinetic has licensed its technology to Texas Instruments, which is providing ToF imagers for human detection or robot-human interaction.
The OPT8241 3D ToF imager is packaged using Chip-On-Glass (COG) technology. The device comprises a system-on-chip (SoC) and glass filter in the same component in thin, 0.7 mm-thick, packaging.
This report analyzes the complete component, from the glass near-infrared band-pass filter to the collector based on ToF pixel licenses developed by Sony/Softkinetic and adapted by Texas Instruments. The report includes a complete cost analysis and price estimation of the device based on a detailed description of the package, and the ToF imager.
It also features a complete ToF pixel technology comparison with the Infineon/pmd, STMicroelectronics and Melexis automotive ToF imagers, which are all also based on Sony/Softkinetic technology, with details on the companies’ design choices.
More information on that report at http://www.i-micronews.com/reports.html
The ARS4-A is a 77 GHz radar sensor offering simultaneous long and short range detection
The Continental ARS4-A Radar is designed for forward collision warning, emergency brake assist, collision mitigation system or Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC). A special feature of the device is the simultaneous measurement of long distances, up to 250m with +/-0.2m accuracy, and short range, up to 70m, relative velocity and angle between two objects. It is thus able to detect stationary objects without any camera support.
The system integrates two electronic boards including an NXP Semiconductor microcontroller and Broadcom Ethernet transceiver. The radio-frequency (RF) board is manufactured with an asymmetric structure using a hybrid PTFE/FR4 substrate and is equipped with planar antennas.
The NXP Semiconductor multi-channel 77 GHz radar transceiver chipset, composed of four receivers, two transmitters and an associated voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), is used as high-frequency transmitter and receiver. The RF dies are packaged in redistributed chip package (RCP) fan-out wafer level packages initially developed and manufactured by Freescale.
Based on a complete teardown analysis of the Continental radar, the report provides the bill-of-material (BOM) and the manufacturing cost of the radar sensor.
A complete physical analysis and manufacturing cost estimation of the NXP semiconductor monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs) is available in a separate report.
More information on that report at http://www.i-micronews.com/reports.html
InvenSense ICM-20789: High Performance 6-Axis Motion Sensor and Pressure Sens...Yole Developpement
World’s first ‘7-Axis’ motion tracking device targeting drone application
Having supplied Apple for many years, InvenSense (TDK) is a leader in the inertial measurement unit (IMU) market. It has a large market share, competing with Bosch and others. This year, with the acquisition of Sensirion’s barometric pressure sensor division, InvenSense has entered a new market area. It has now released of its first ‘7-axis’ motion tracking combo, bringing together a 6-axis IMU and a pressure sensor, moving it into drone applications.
The ICM-20789 7-axis combo sensor released by InvenSense features a 6-axis device, incorporating a 3-axis gyroscope and a 3-axis accelerometer, and a barometric pressure sensor previously developed by Sensirion in the same package. Compared with the stand-alone sensor hub, this approach eliminates a package and minimizes board area requirements.
More information on that report at http://www.i-micronews.com/reports.html
Tiny MEMS digital barometer for smartphones and wearables
The first barometric sensor from Infineon for the consumer market is targeting altitude, GPS, indoor and weather forecasting applications in portable devices. This MEMS sensor positions Infineon to compete with STMicroelectronics and Bosch Sensortec.
Infineon’s DPS310 pressure-sensing device is manufactured using a proprietary MEMS technology developed for and already sold for several years in the automotive market. The sensing element in the DPS310 is based on a flexible silicon membrane formed above an air cavity with a controlled gap and defined internal pressure. The membrane is very small compared to traditional silicon micro-machined membranes. Moreover, Infineon has developed a capacitive sensor to be more accurate and less sensitive to temperature change compared to piezoresistive solutions.
For the DPS310, Infineon has introduced two important innovations. The first is a two-die solution more scalable than the monolithic solution used for some automotive pressure sensors.
The second innovation is a plastic metallized lid to replace the classic metal lid. The device comes in a tiny 2x2.5x0.9mm HLGA molded package.
The report presents a detailed analysis of the sensor’s structure and cost. Comparison with the characteristics of the STMicroelectronics pressure sensor LPS22HB and the Bosch Sensortec BMP280 highlights differences in technical choices made by the companies.
More information on that report at http://www.i-micronews.com/reports.html
2-Axis Gyroscopes for Optical Image Stabilization: STMicroelectronics L2G2IS ...Yole Developpement
Complete reports and comparison of the latest generation products for smartphones from the leading optical image stabilization gyro players.
2-Axis Gyroscopes for Optical Image Stabilization (OIS) constitute a market where 123 million units were shipped in 2015, according to Yole Développement. This market originates only from high-end smartphones and two players share most of it: InvenSense, with 49%, and STMicroelectronics, with 39%.
The 2-axis gyroscopes are located inside the camera module of high-end smartphones. The main constraints are a small footprint and, more importantly, thinness.
Previously, thickness was the same as standard land grid array (LGA) or quad flat no-leads (QFN) package, close to 1mm. Now the standard is 0.65mm, which products from both InvenSense and STMicroelectronics attain.
InvenSense was first, with the IDG-2030, a 2.3x2.3x0.65mm gyroscope, which is still the smallest on the market. Since its introduction we found it in several smartphones from various manufacturers. The IDG-2030 uses the same Nasiri platform as other InvenSense inertial devices, with wafer-level integration of the MEMS sensor on top of the application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), thus providing only one die in the final LGA package.
Months later, STMicroelectronics released the L2G2IS, which shares the same dimensions. The device is manufactured using the same THELMA process as all STMicroelectronics inertial devices. The THELMA platform involves a two-die approach that is challenging for very thin package integration. However, both players now offer very low-cost gyros thanks to die size reduction and process optimization.
Both gyroscopes analyzed are 2-axis X, Y (Pitch, Roll). The two reports can be purchased separately or together in order to compare the technology and pricing of the main smartphone OIS gyro players, including previous generation products.
More information on that report at http://www.i-micronews.com/reports.html
SiGe based millimeter-wave chipset commercially available for
backhaul applications with beamforming capability.
More information on that report at: http://www.systemplus.fr/reverse-costing-reports/peraso-x710-chipset-60ghz-outdoor-wireless-broadband-solution/
Triple Forward Camera from Tesla Model 3system_plus
Complete analysis of the main sensing part of the Tesla‘s autopilot system.
Reverse Costing - Structure, process and cost report - find more here: https://www.systemplus.fr/reverse-costing-reports/triple-forward-camera-from-tesla-model-3/
Continental SRL1: State-of-the-art LiDAR for Advanced Driver Assistance Syste...Yole Developpement
This document provides a reverse costing analysis of the Continental SRL1 Short Range Lidar system. It includes a teardown analysis with detailed photos of the components. The cost analysis estimates the production costs and selling price based on the bill of materials. Continental's SRL1 provides reliable solid-state lidar for frontal collision detection up to 50km/h without any moving parts. Key components include a laser from Osram and a processing chipset from Freescale. The analysis estimates the SRL1 can be manufactured and tested in Germany for around 1 million units annually at a total production cost of approximately $80 per unit and a selling price of $125.
Thermo Fisher Ion 520 DNA Sequencing Chip 2017 teardown reverse costing repor...Yole Developpement
Next generation of silicon/polymer microfluidic technology for fast throughput DNA sequencing from Thermo Fisher Ion Torrent®
Today a main challenge in life science research is to reduce the price of genomic analysis, and the time taken to do it. Back in 2003, the cost of sequencing the human genome was almost $3B. That decreased to $10,000 in 2011, and is headed towards $1,000 in the next few years.
Thermo Fisher, with 8% of the microfluidic product market, is one of the companies most involved in sequencing applications, along with its rival Illumina. However, the two companies have different objectives.
Thermo Fisher intends to reduce analysis time with fast throughput and short single-end reads. Illumina has high throughput with short paired reads. To deliver fast reading, Thermo Fisher uses Ion Torrent® technology, which relies on technology similar to an image sensor.
The innovative Ion 520 DNA sequencing chip uses this Ion Torrent technology. It includes a multiwell array, which captures the sphere particles that have DNA attached. The particles react with a solution of nucleotides, which changes the charge in the wells, which in turn is detected by the circuit and allows the DNA sequencing.
More information on that report at http://www.i-micronews.com/reports.html
Synaptics’ Under-Display Fingerprint Scanner Inside the VIVO X21 UD Smartphonesystem_plus
Optical fingerprint technology allows integration behind the display.
More information on that report at: http://www.systemplus.fr/reverse-costing-reports/synaptics-under-display-fingerprint-scanner-inside-the-vivo-x21-ud-smartphone/
Similar to Sony IMX400 Tri-layer Stacked CMOS Image Sensor (CIS) with Integrated DRAM and DSP 2017 teardown reverse costing report published by Yole Developpement (20)
Computing and AI technologies for mobile and consumer applications 2021 - SampleYole Developpement
Penetrating everyday products will see the market for AI technologies for the consumer market reach $5.6B in 2026.
More information : https://www.i-micronews.com/products/computing-and-ai-technologies-for-mobile-and-consumer-applications-2021/
For the first time, the processor monitor is including FPGA, CPU, GPU, and APU including all the IDMs, fabless companies, and foundries in the business.
More information : https://www.i-micronews.com/products/application-processor-quarterly-market-monitor/
For the first time in its history, the automotive industry must face new industrial and technological
challenges while undergoing dramatic changes in its value chain.
More information: https://www.i-micronews.com/products/automotive-semiconductor-trends-2021/
MicroLED Displays - Market, Industry and Technology Trends 2021Yole Developpement
Strong momentum for MicroLED with progress on all fronts. Cost is the biggest challenge, but Apple and Samsung are carving paths toward the consumer.
More information; https://www.i-micronews.com/products/microled-displays-market-industry-and-technology-trends-2021/
System-in-Package Technology and Market Trends 2021 - SampleYole Developpement
Through enabling design and supply chain agility, SiP will reach $19B by 2026, with IDMs, OSATs, and foundries taking advantage of it.
More information : https://www.i-micronews.com/products/system-in-package-technology-and-market-trends-2021/
Industrial, consumer, and automotive applications are driving the adoption of neuromorphic computing and sensing technologies. The first products are now hitting the market.
More information: https://www.i-micronews.com/products/neuromorphic-computing-and-sensing-2021/
Beyond communication, silicon photonics is penetrating consumer and automotive – heading to $1.1B in 2026.
More information: https://www.i-micronews.com/products/silicon-photonics-2021/
Semiconductor technologies will enable increased mobility and communication for the soldier of the future. This market will reach $17.5B in 2030+.
More information: https://www.i-micronews.com/products/future-soldier-technologies-2021/
This report from Yole Développement analyzes the high-end performance packaging market. It defines high-end performance packaging as technologies that provide high IO density (≥16/mm2) and fine IO pitch (≤130μm). The report aims to identify relevant technologies, analyze market drivers and challenges, describe technology trends and roadmaps, examine the supply chain landscape, and provide market forecasts. It evaluates the market by technology, end application, and region. The report also profiles key players' technology roadmaps and analyzes intellectual property in the 3D SoC hybrid bonding space.
5G’s Impact on RF Front-End and Connectivity for Cellphones 2020Yole Developpement
An intensifying US-China competition for RF technology supremacy.
More information on: https://www.i-micronews.com/products/5gs-impact-on-rf-front-end-and-connectivity-for-cellphones-2020/
In the ultrasound module market, CMUT and PMUT are growing two times faster in medical and consumer applications.
More information: https://www.i-micronews.com/products/ultrasound-sensing-technologies-2020/
The entrance of Chinese players and the rise of new technical solutions are poised to trigger profound changes in the memory business.
More information on: https://www.i-micronews.com/products/status-of-the-memory-industry-2020/
GaAs Wafer and Epiwafer Market: RF, Photonics, LED, Display and PV Applicatio...Yole Developpement
The report provides a market analysis of the GaAs wafer and epiwafer markets from 2019 to 2025. It forecasts that the GaAs wafer market will increase from $200 million in 2019 to $348 million in 2025, with the largest application segments being RF, photonics, and LED. The open epiwafer market is also analyzed, with IQE and VPEC together comprising almost 80% of the $262 million total market in 2019. Key drivers of growth are discussed for various applications such as 5G adoption for RF and increasing use of VCSELs for 3D sensing and LiDAR.
Status of the Radar Industry: Players, Applications and Technology Trends 2020Yole Developpement
Worth more than $20B in 2019, the radar industry is experiencing a major transformation prior to entering the commercial era.
Learn more about the report here: https://www.i-micronews.com/products/status-of-the-radar-industry-players-applications-and-technology-trends-2020/
GaN RF Market: Applications, Players, Technology and Substrates 2020Yole Developpement
Driven by military applications and 5G telecom infrastructure, the GaN RF market continues growing.
Learn more about the report here: https://www.i-micronews.com/products/gan-rf-market-applications-players-technology-and-substrates-2020/
Pressure, inertial, MEMS ultrasound, microfluidic chips and other sensors are driving the growth of the life sciences and healthcare market.
More information: https://www.i-micronews.com/products/biomems-market-and-technology-2020/
Market will more than double by 2025 driven by heavy investments in data centers.
More information: https://www.i-micronews.com/products/optical-transceivers-for-datacom-telecom-2020/
COVID-19 is shaking up the diagnostics industry and will have both short- and long-term impact.
More information: https://www.i-micronews.com/products/point-of-need-2020-including-pcr-based-testing/
Pluggable transceivers in high volume production. Co-packaged optics in line of sight.
More information on: https://www.i-micronews.com/products/silicon-photonics-2020/
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdfChart Kalyan
A Mix Chart displays historical data of numbers in a graphical or tabular form. The Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart specifically shows the results of a sequence of numbers over different periods.
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdfTosin Akinosho
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift
Overview
Dive into the world of anomaly detection on edge devices with our comprehensive hands-on tutorial. This SlideShare presentation will guide you through the entire process, from data collection and model training to edge deployment and real-time monitoring. Perfect for those looking to implement robust anomaly detection systems on resource-constrained IoT/edge devices.
Key Topics Covered
1. Introduction to Anomaly Detection
- Understand the fundamentals of anomaly detection and its importance in identifying unusual behavior or failures in systems.
2. Understanding Edge (IoT)
- Learn about edge computing and IoT, and how they enable real-time data processing and decision-making at the source.
3. What is ArgoCD?
- Discover ArgoCD, a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes, and its role in deploying applications on edge devices.
4. Deployment Using ArgoCD for Edge Devices
- Step-by-step guide on deploying anomaly detection models on edge devices using ArgoCD.
5. Introduction to Apache Kafka and S3
- Explore Apache Kafka for real-time data streaming and Amazon S3 for scalable storage solutions.
6. Viewing Kafka Messages in the Data Lake
- Learn how to view and analyze Kafka messages stored in a data lake for better insights.
7. What is Prometheus?
- Get to know Prometheus, an open-source monitoring and alerting toolkit, and its application in monitoring edge devices.
8. Monitoring Application Metrics with Prometheus
- Detailed instructions on setting up Prometheus to monitor the performance and health of your anomaly detection system.
9. What is Camel K?
- Introduction to Camel K, a lightweight integration framework built on Apache Camel, designed for Kubernetes.
10. Configuring Camel K Integrations for Data Pipelines
- Learn how to configure Camel K for seamless data pipeline integrations in your anomaly detection workflow.
11. What is a Jupyter Notebook?
- Overview of Jupyter Notebooks, an open-source web application for creating and sharing documents with live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text.
12. Jupyter Notebooks with Code Examples
- Hands-on examples and code snippets in Jupyter Notebooks to help you implement and test anomaly detection models.
Northern Engraving | Nameplate Manufacturing Process - 2024Northern Engraving
Manufacturing custom quality metal nameplates and badges involves several standard operations. Processes include sheet prep, lithography, screening, coating, punch press and inspection. All decoration is completed in the flat sheet with adhesive and tooling operations following. The possibilities for creating unique durable nameplates are endless. How will you create your brand identity? We can help!
The Microsoft 365 Migration Tutorial For Beginner.pptxoperationspcvita
This presentation will help you understand the power of Microsoft 365. However, we have mentioned every productivity app included in Office 365. Additionally, we have suggested the migration situation related to Office 365 and how we can help you.
You can also read: https://www.systoolsgroup.com/updates/office-365-tenant-to-tenant-migration-step-by-step-complete-guide/
Skybuffer SAM4U tool for SAP license adoptionTatiana Kojar
Manage and optimize your license adoption and consumption with SAM4U, an SAP free customer software asset management tool.
SAM4U, an SAP complimentary software asset management tool for customers, delivers a detailed and well-structured overview of license inventory and usage with a user-friendly interface. We offer a hosted, cost-effective, and performance-optimized SAM4U setup in the Skybuffer Cloud environment. You retain ownership of the system and data, while we manage the ABAP 7.58 infrastructure, ensuring fixed Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) and exceptional services through the SAP Fiori interface.
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
Main news related to the CCS TSI 2023 (2023/1695)Jakub Marek
An English 🇬🇧 translation of a presentation to the speech I gave about the main changes brought by CCS TSI 2023 at the biggest Czech conference on Communications and signalling systems on Railways, which was held in Clarion Hotel Olomouc from 7th to 9th November 2023 (konferenceszt.cz). Attended by around 500 participants and 200 on-line followers.
The original Czech 🇨🇿 version of the presentation can be found here: https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/hlavni-novinky-souvisejici-s-ccs-tsi-2023-2023-1695/269688092 .
The videorecording (in Czech) from the presentation is available here: https://youtu.be/WzjJWm4IyPk?si=SImb06tuXGb30BEH .
Conversational agents, or chatbots, are increasingly used to access all sorts of services using natural language. While open-domain chatbots - like ChatGPT - can converse on any topic, task-oriented chatbots - the focus of this paper - are designed for specific tasks, like booking a flight, obtaining customer support, or setting an appointment. Like any other software, task-oriented chatbots need to be properly tested, usually by defining and executing test scenarios (i.e., sequences of user-chatbot interactions). However, there is currently a lack of methods to quantify the completeness and strength of such test scenarios, which can lead to low-quality tests, and hence to buggy chatbots.
To fill this gap, we propose adapting mutation testing (MuT) for task-oriented chatbots. To this end, we introduce a set of mutation operators that emulate faults in chatbot designs, an architecture that enables MuT on chatbots built using heterogeneous technologies, and a practical realisation as an Eclipse plugin. Moreover, we evaluate the applicability, effectiveness and efficiency of our approach on open-source chatbots, with promising results.
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
Fueling AI with Great Data with Airbyte WebinarZilliz
This talk will focus on how to collect data from a variety of sources, leveraging this data for RAG and other GenAI use cases, and finally charting your course to productionalization.
Discover top-tier mobile app development services, offering innovative solutions for iOS and Android. Enhance your business with custom, user-friendly mobile applications.
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/how-axelera-ai-uses-digital-compute-in-memory-to-deliver-fast-and-energy-efficient-computer-vision-a-presentation-from-axelera-ai/
Bram Verhoef, Head of Machine Learning at Axelera AI, presents the “How Axelera AI Uses Digital Compute-in-memory to Deliver Fast and Energy-efficient Computer Vision” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
As artificial intelligence inference transitions from cloud environments to edge locations, computer vision applications achieve heightened responsiveness, reliability and privacy. This migration, however, introduces the challenge of operating within the stringent confines of resource constraints typical at the edge, including small form factors, low energy budgets and diminished memory and computational capacities. Axelera AI addresses these challenges through an innovative approach of performing digital computations within memory itself. This technique facilitates the realization of high-performance, energy-efficient and cost-effective computer vision capabilities at the thin and thick edge, extending the frontier of what is achievable with current technologies.
In this presentation, Verhoef unveils his company’s pioneering chip technology and demonstrates its capacity to deliver exceptional frames-per-second performance across a range of standard computer vision networks typical of applications in security, surveillance and the industrial sector. This shows that advanced computer vision can be accessible and efficient, even at the very edge of our technological ecosystem.
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024Hiroshi SHIBATA
I develop the Ruby programming language, RubyGems, and Bundler, which are package managers for Ruby. Today, I will introduce how to enhance the security of your application using open-source software (OSS) examples from Ruby and RubyGems.
The first topic is CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). I have published CVEs many times. But what exactly is a CVE? I'll provide a basic understanding of CVEs and explain how to detect and handle vulnerabilities in OSS.
Next, let's discuss package managers. Package managers play a critical role in the OSS ecosystem. I'll explain how to manage library dependencies in your application.
I'll share insights into how the Ruby and RubyGems core team works to keep our ecosystem safe. By the end of this talk, you'll have a better understanding of how to safeguard your code.
What is an RPA CoE? Session 1 – CoE VisionDianaGray10
In the first session, we will review the organization's vision and how this has an impact on the COE Structure.
Topics covered:
• The role of a steering committee
• How do the organization’s priorities determine CoE Structure?
Speaker:
Chris Bolin, Senior Intelligent Automation Architect Anika Systems
Digital Banking in the Cloud: How Citizens Bank Unlocked Their MainframePrecisely
Inconsistent user experience and siloed data, high costs, and changing customer expectations – Citizens Bank was experiencing these challenges while it was attempting to deliver a superior digital banking experience for its clients. Its core banking applications run on the mainframe and Citizens was using legacy utilities to get the critical mainframe data to feed customer-facing channels, like call centers, web, and mobile. Ultimately, this led to higher operating costs (MIPS), delayed response times, and longer time to market.
Ever-changing customer expectations demand more modern digital experiences, and the bank needed to find a solution that could provide real-time data to its customer channels with low latency and operating costs. Join this session to learn how Citizens is leveraging Precisely to replicate mainframe data to its customer channels and deliver on their “modern digital bank” experiences.
Digital Banking in the Cloud: How Citizens Bank Unlocked Their Mainframe
Sony IMX400 Tri-layer Stacked CMOS Image Sensor (CIS) with Integrated DRAM and DSP 2017 teardown reverse costing report published by Yole Developpement
26. COMPLETE TEARDOWN
WITH:
• Detailed photos
• Precise
measurements
• Material analysis
• Manufacturing
process flow
• Supply chain
evaluation
• Manufacturing cost
analysis
• Selling price estimate
• Comparison with the
Samsung Galaxy S7,
iPhone 7 Plus and
Huawei P9 telephoto
camera module and
CIS
Sony IMX400 Tri-layer Stacked CMOS Image Sensor
(CIS) with Integrated DRAM and DSP
Title: Sony IMX400
Tri-Stacked CIS
Pages: 130
Date: July 2017
Format: PDF & Excel file
Price: Full report:
EUR 3,490
A closer look at the impressive, industry-first, tri-layer stacked CIS
designer decided to release in its flagship the latest and potentially the
greatest innovation in the past decade of CIS manufacturing. Inside the Sony
Xperia™ XZs and the XZ Premium, the latest Motion Eye™ can be found,
with the new IMX400 CIS. This three-layer stacked CIS is made with the
traditional pixel array and logic circuit on the same die, but also a 1Gb
DRAM memory allowing slow motion at almost 960 frames per second.
This innovative CIS is Sony’s next generation technology. The CIS includes a 22
Mpixel array, a 1Gb DRAM die and a digital signal processor (DSP) on the
same die footprint. This is the first tri-layer stacked CIS on the market. In this
configuration, Sony can provide a fast readout image sensor with no
distortion when shooting fast-moving objects thanks to the high capacity
DRAM between the pixel array circuit and the DSP circuit.
Using Sony’s Exmor-RS and Xperi’s Zibond technologies, Sony has managed to
integrate the three dies in a single thin, small and cost-effective sensor die.
Surprisingly, the die sensor uses a unique sort of TSV at different levels to
interconnect the dies.
This report includes a complete analysis of the camera module from the Sony
Xperia™ XZs, featuring camera module disassembly and die analyses,
processes and cross-sections. It also includes a comparison with the Samsung
Galaxy S7, Apple iPhone 7 Plus, and Huawei P9 telephoto camera modules. At
the CIS level, it compares the IMX400 with the IMX260, the IMX286, and the
latest custom CIS for Apple from Sony’s portfolio. Finally, it contains a
complete cost analysis and a selling price estimation of the CIS die.
Sony leads the global CMOS Image
Sensor (CIS) market, commanding more
than a third share of the industry’s total
revenue. And over the years, Sony has
maintained its leadership by providing
innovative CIS products for original
equipment manufacturers like Samsung
or Apple. In 2017, Sony as a smartphone
27. TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pixels, TSVs, PDAF
technology: Samsung
Galaxy S7 (IMX260),
Apple iPhone 7 Plus,
Huawei P9 (IMX286)
Manufacturing Process Flow
• Wafer Fabrication Unit: Pixel
Array, Logic Circuit, DRAM
Circuit
• CIS, BSI and TSV Process Flow
Cost Analysis
• Overview of the Cost Analysis
• Supply Chain Description
• Yield Hypotheses
• Wafer Cost Analyses: Pixel
Array with Microlenses, Color
Filters, and Spacer, Logic
Circuit, DRAM Circuit
Front-end cost
• BSI & TSVs Cost Analysis
BSI & TSVs wafer front-end
cost
BSI & TSVs cost by process
step
• CIS Die Cost
Estimated Price Analysis
Performed byPerformed by
AUTHORS:
3D Package CoSim+
IC Price +
ANALYSIS PERFORMED WITH OUR COSTING TOOLS 3D PACKAGE COSIM+ AND IC PRICE+
System Plus Consulting offers
powerful costing tools to
evaluate the production cost &
selling price from single chip to
complex structures.
IC Price+
The tool performs the necessary
cost simulation of any Integrated
Circuit: ASICs, microcontrollers,
memories, DSP, smartpower…
3D Package Cosim+
Cost simulation tool to evaluate
the cost of any Packaging
process: Wafer-level packaging,
TSV, 3D integration…
Overview / Introduction
Company Profile and Supply
Chain
Sony Xperia™ XZs Teardown
Physical Analysis
• Physical Analysis Methodology
• Camera Module Analysis
Module view and dimensions
Module opening: AF driver
including hall sensor, lenses,
filter
Module cross-section: lenses,
filter
• CIS Die analysis
CIS die view and dimensions:
pixels, pads
CIS deprocessing
CIS die cross-section: TSVs, pixels
Die process
• Physical Analysis Comparison
Module: Samsung Galaxy S7,
Apple iPhone 7 Plus, Huawei P9
CIS die area: Samsung Galaxy S7
(IMX260), Apple iPhone 7 Plus,
Huawei P9 (IMX286)
Stéphane
Elisabeth
Stéphane has a
deep knowledge of
materials characterizations and
electronics systems. He holds an
Engineering Degree in Electronics
and Numerical Technology, and a
PhD in Materials for Micro-
electronics.
Consulting in 2011 to setup its
laboratory. He previously worked
for 25 years at Atmel Nantes
Technological Analysis Laboratory
as fab support in physical analysis,
and for three years at Hirex
Engineering in Toulouse, in a
destructive physical analysis lab.
Yvon
Le Goff (Lab)
Yvon has joined
S y s t e m P l u s
Distributed by
28. RELATED REPORTS
ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION OFFER
You can choose to buy over 12
months a set of 3, 4, 5, 7, 10 or
15 Reverse Costing® reports.
Up to 47% discount!
• MEMS & Sensors:
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Optics - Environment - Fingerprint -
Gyroscope - IMU/Combo - Light -
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GaN - IGBT - MOSFET - Si Diode - SiC
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Each year System Plus Consulting releases a comprehensive collection of new reverse engineering &
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Performed by
More than 60 reports released each year on the following topics (considered for 2017):
Melexis Time of Flight
Imager for Automotive
Applications
Lenovo Phab2Pro 3D Time
of Flight (ToF) Camera
Google Tango Ready
Apple iPhone 7 Plus:
Rear-Facing Dual Camera
Module
A cutting-edge ToF imager
technology from Sony/Softkinetic,
adapted by Melexis for automotive
in-cabin applications.
World’s first 3D tri-camera bundle
including Infineon/pmd REAL3TM
ToF image sensor integrated into a
consumer smartphone.
With its choice of a dual camera,
Apple’s innovations include new
objectives lens assemblies, new
bonding processes and a new type
of autofocus.
Pages: 80
Date: July 2017
Full report: EUR 3,490*
Pages: 170
Date: January 2017
Full report: EUR 3,990*
Pages: 145
Date: November 2016
Full report: EUR 3,490*
Distributed by
29. ORDER FORM
Please process my order for “Sony IMX400 Tri-Stacked CIS” Reverse Costing Report
Full Reverse Costing report: EUR 3,490*
Ref.: SP17343
*For price in dollars please use the day’s exchange rate. All reports are delivered electronically in pdf format. For French customer, add 20 % for VAT.
Performed by
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Founded in 1998, Yole Développement has grown to become a group of companies providing marketing, technology
and strategy consulting, media and corporate finance services. With a strong focus on emerging applications using
silicon and/or micro manufacturing, the Yole Développement group has expanded to include more than 50
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Management.
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7.1 If the Buyer cancels the order in whole or in part or postpones the date of mailing, the Buyer shall indemnify the Seller for the entire costs that have been incurred as at the date of notification by the Buyer of such
delay or cancellation. This may also apply for any other direct or indirect consequential loss that may be borne by the Seller, following this decision.
7.2 In the event of breach by one Party under these conditions or the order, the non-breaching Party may send a notification to the other by recorded delivery letter upon which, after a period of thirty (30) days without
solving the problem, the non-breaching Party shall be entitled to terminate all the pending orders, without being liable for any compensation.
8. Miscellaneous
All the provisions of these Terms and Conditions are for the benefit of the Seller itself, but also for its licensors, employees and agents. Each of them is entitled to assert and enforce those provisions against the Buyer.
Any notices under these Terms and Conditions shall be given in writing. They shall be effective upon receipt by the other Party.
The Seller may, from time to time, update these Terms and Conditions and the Buyer, is deemed to have accepted the latest version of these terms and conditions, provided they have been communicated to him in due
time.
9. Governing law and jurisdiction
9.1 Any dispute arising out or linked to these Terms and Conditions or to any contract (orders) entered into in application of these Terms and Conditions shall be settled by the French Commercial Courts of Lyon, which
shall have exclusive jurisdiction upon such issues.
9.2 French law shall govern the relation between the Buyer and the Seller, in accordance with these Terms and Conditions.
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