The document discusses solid waste management. It defines different types of solid waste and their effects. It describes concepts of waste management including reduce, reuse and recycle. Methods of solid waste storage, collection, transport, disposal and technologies are explained. Recommendations are made to improve waste management through increased public awareness, prohibiting littering, and moving from open dumping to sanitary landfilling.
Presentation can help you to understand concept, principle engineering and important factors of landfilling such as component, requirement, microbial activity, landfill gas and leachate generation
Presentation can help you to understand concept, principle engineering and important factors of landfilling such as component, requirement, microbial activity, landfill gas and leachate generation
Powerpoint presentation.
This is a ppt for safe diposal of waste. It basically talks about 4 methods:
-> Segregation of Waste
-> Dumping/Landfills
-> Composting of Wate
-> Drainage
It also provides the various methods and explanatory diagram
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROJECT at KALUTHARA(KALUTHARA URBAN COUNCIL)
A presentation Done by the 1st Year Students (Group 2) of the Department of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura for the Environmental Chemistry Assignment..
1.Introduction
2.Definition
3.Classification
a) based on source or origin
b) based on nature of waste
#Non hazardous or solid waste
#Hazardous waste
4. Health hazards of accumulated solid waste
Sources of waste can be broadly classified into four types: Industrial, Commercial, Domestic, and Agricultural.
Industrial Waste. These are the wastes created in factories and industries. ...
Commercial Waste. Commercial wastes are produced in schools, colleges, shops, and offices. ...
Domestic Waste. ...
Agricultural Waste.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
2. Introduction to waste and types
Solid waste
Types of solid waste
Effects of solid waste
Waste management concept
Concept of 3R
solid waste management
storage
collection
waste handling and transport
method of disposal
Technology
Zero waste system
Recommendation
3. It is defined as
Waste (also known as rubbish, trash, refuse,
garbage, junk) is any unwanted or useless
materials.
OR
Any materials unused and rejected as
worthless or unwanted and “A useless or profile
less activity using or expanding or consuming
thoughtlessly or carefully.”
5. It is defined as
“ non liquid, non-soluble materials ranging
from municipal garbage to industrial wastes that
contain complex & sometimes hazardous
substances”
Solid waste also include
Garbage
Rubbish
Demolition products
Sewage treatment residue
Dead animals
Manure and other discarded material.
-- Per capita solid waste out put 0.25-2.5 Kg/day
6. Agriculture
Fisheries
Household
Commerce and industry
7. Broadly there are 3 types of waste
which as follows
1. Household waste as municipal waste
2. Industrial waste as hazardous waste
3.Biomedical waste or hospital waste as
infectious waste
8. Municipal solid waste consist of---
household waste
construction and demolition debris
sanitation residue
waste from streets
With rising urbanization and change in life
style and food habits ,the amount of
municipal solid waste has been increasing
rapidly and its composition changing.
9.
10. Industrial and hospital waste is considered
hazardous as they may contain toxic substances
Hazardous waste could be highly toxic to
humans, animals and plants. They are
- corrosive
- highly inflammable or explosive
In the industrial sector the major generators of
hazardous waste are the metal’ chemical’
paper, pesticide, dye and rubber goods
industries.
Direct exposure to chemicals in hazardous waste
such as mercury and cyanide can be fatal
11. Bio-medical waste means “Any waste which
is generated during the diagnosis, treatment
or immunization of human beings or animals
or in research activities pertaining thereto or
in the production or testing of biological”
-Bio-medical waste rules ,1998
It may includes wastes like sharp waste,
pathological waste, pharmaceutical waste,
genotoxic waste, chemical waste, and
radioactive waste etc.
12. A:Health hazard
If solid waste are not collected and allowed
to accumulate , they may create unsanitary
conditions.
This may lead to epidemic outbreaks .
Many diseases like cholera. Diarrhea,
dysentery, plague, jaundice, or gastro-intestinal
diseases may spread and cause loss
of human lives.
13. In addition improper handling of the solid
wastes ,a health hazard for the workers who
come in direct contact with the waste.
B: Environmental impact
If the solid wastes are not treated properly
decomposition and putrefaction( decay) may
take place .
The organic solid waste during decomposition
may generate obnozious (intolerable odour)
14. The 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) to be
followed for waste management.
15. Disposable goods: paper plate, paper bowl,
Styrofoam cup, plastic spoon, roll of paper
towels, paper napkin; Durable goods:
ceramic/plastic plate, metal spoon,
glass/plastic drinking cup,
dish towel, cloth napkin)
Recovery of one tonne paper can save 17
trees.
16. Instead of buying new containers from the
market, use the ones that are in the house.
Don’t through away the soft drink can or
bottle cover them with home made paper or
paint on them and use them as pencil stands
or small vases.
17. Use shopping bags made of cloth or jute
which can be used over and over
18.
19. There are a number of concepts about waste
management which vary in their usage between
countries or regions. Some of the most general,
widely used concepts include:
1. Waste hierarchy - The waste hierarchy refers to
the "3 Rs" reduce, reuse and recycle, which classify
waste management strategies according to their
desirability in terms of waste minimization. The
waste hierarchy remains the cornerstone of most
waste minimization strategies.
• The aim of the waste hierarchy is to extract the
maximum practical benefits from products and to
generate the minimum amount of waste .
20.
21. Polluter pays principle - the Polluter Pays
Principle is a principle where the polluting
party pays for the impact caused to the
environment. With respect to waste
management, this generally refers to the
requirement for a waste generator to pay for
appropriate disposal of the unrecoverable
material.
22. Waste management is the
storage
collection
transport and handling
recycling
disposal and monitoring of waste materials.
23. Storage:
- Galvanized steel dust bin
- Paper sack
- Public bins
24. Collection
- House-to-house collection
- Collection from the public bins
25. Waste handling and separation involves
activities associated with waste management
until the waste is placed in storage
containers for collection. Handling also
encompasses the movement of loaded
containers to the point of collection.
waste is transferred from a smaller
collection vehicle to larger transport
equipment
26. Recycling refers to the collection and
refuse of waste materials such as empty
beverage container.
The materials from which the items are
made can be processed into new
products.
Materials for recycling may be collected
separately from general waste using
dedicated bins.
28. Public hygiene and health.
Reuse, recovery and recycle
Energy generation
Sustainable development
Aesthetics
29. Low lying areas.
Mainly for dry refuses
Kolkata disposes by this
method and reclaimed land
given for cultivation.
Unsanitary method
- Exposed to flies and rodents
- Nuisance
- Dispersed by wind
- pollution of surface water
30. Satisfactory method
- Material placed in a trench
- compacted with earth at the end of the
working day.
Modified sanitary land fill-where compaction
and covering are accomplished once or twice
a week.
31. 3 Methods
1. Trench method
2. Ramp method
3. Area method
Refuse is compacted on its exposed surface
with excavated earth (30 cm).
32. Long trench of 6-10 feet deep and12-36 feet
wide.
Refuse is compacted and covered with
excavated earth.
Refuse is filled up to 6 feet.
It is estimated one acre of land per year for
10,000 population.
RAMP METHOD: suited where the terrain is
moderately slopping.
33. Used for filling land depressions, disused
quarries and clay pits.
Refuse is deposited, packed and consolidated
in uniform layers for 6-8 feet.
Each layer is sealed with a mud cover at
least 12 inches.
Sealing prevents infestation by flies and
rodents.
Prevents nuisance of smell and dust.
34. Changes
- Chemical
- Bacteriological
- Physical
The temperature rises to over 60 deg. C
within 7 days and kills all pathogens and
hastens the decomposition process.
It takes 4 to 6 months for complete
decomposition.
35.
36.
37.
38. it is a disposal method in which solid organic
wastes are subjected to combustion so as to
convert them into residue and gaseous products.
This process reduces the volumes of solid waste
to 20-30% of the original volume.
Also described as thermal treatment
Where land is not available
Hospital waste
39. Method of combined disposal of refuse and
night soil/ sludge
Principal by products are: CO2 , Water and
heat
End product- compost
Methods
a. Bangalore method
b. Mechanical composting
c. Vermicomposting
40.
41. IISc- Indian Council of Agricultural Research.
Trenches are dug 3ft deep, 5-8ft broad, 15-30ft
long.
Composting procedure
- 1. Layer of Refuse- 15 cm
- 2. Layer of Night soil – 5 cm
Physical, chemical and biological changes takes
place
42. Compost manufactured by processing raw
materials.
1. Screening
2. Pulverization (<2inches)
3. Mixing
4. Incubation
Process completed in 4-6 week
C: vermicomposting :It is a method
of disposal of kitchen and plate
wastes, which serves the dual
purpose of disposing off the
garbage as well as proving
eco-friendly.
43. Mostly used in rural areas
Digging “manure pits” is to prevent the
refuses thrown around the houses.
The garbage, cattle dung, straw, and leaves
should be dumped into the mannure pits and
covered with earth.
Two pits will be needed
In 5-6 month’s time the refuse is converted
into manure which can be returned to the
field.
44. Suitable for small camp
A trench 1.5m wide &2 m deep is excavated
The refuse is covered with 20 -30cm of earth
When the level in the trench is 40cm from
ground level, the trench is filled with earth
& compacted
4-6 months
45. Technologies like
RFID( Radio frequency identification) tags are
now being used to collect data on presentation rates
for curb-side pick-ups.
GPS tracking is particularly evident when
considering the efficiency of ad hoc pick-ups (like
skip bins or dumpsters) where the collection is done
on a consumer request basis.
Rear vision cameras are commonly used for
OH&S (Occupational Health & Safety) reasons and
video recording devices are becoming more widely
used, particularly concerning residential services.
46. Zero waste system which was founded by PhD
chemist .Paul parmer in Okland.
It is a philosophy that encourages the
redesign of resource life cycle so that all
products are reused.
47.
48. There are two solid waste management
plant in Mysore.
J.P Nagar
vidyaranyapuram
49.
50. BBMP represents the third level of
government & forth largest municipal
corporation in India .
It is responsible for the development of the
city , health hygiene, licensing trade &
education.
53. The improvement of people and private
sector through NGOs could improve the
efficiency of solid waste management.
Public awareness should be created
especially at primary level.
Littering of solid waste should prohibited in
cities towns and urban areas.
More over house to house collecting solid
waste should be .
54. The collection bins must be have a large
enough capacity to accommodate 20% more
than the expected waste generation in the
area.
Municipal authorities should maintain the
storage facilities to avoid unhygienic &
unsanitary condition.
It is advisable to move from open dumping to
sanitary land filling in a phased manner.
55. Park K. Park’s Textbook of Preventive and Social
Medicine. 22nd ed. Jabalpur: Banarsidas Bhanot
Publishers; 2013. Chapter 20, Communication for
Health Education; p699-701
Bhalwar, Rajvir et al, 2009, Textbook of Public Health
and Community Medicine, Prune, WHO/AFMC;p715-
717
BK Mahajan. (2011) Text book of preventive and
social medicine. 7th Edition. Jaypee Brothers Medical
Publishers (P) Ltd., Daryaganj, New Delhi.;p71-73
AH Suryakantha. Community Medicine With Recent
Advances. 3rd Edition. Jaypee Brothers Medical
Publishers (P) Ltd., Daryaganj, New Delhi; 2013;p233-
237