This document discusses various techniques for managing waste, including:
1) Types of waste like solid, liquid, domestic, industrial, and biomedical waste.
2) Methods for collecting municipal solid waste like door-to-door collection and community bins.
3) Sustainable waste management options like composting, vermicomposting, refuse derived fuel production, plasma vitrification, incineration, pyrolysis, and landfilling. Each method has advantages and limitations.
Planning waste management and recycling for all waste generated by an organisation can be a daunting and enormous task which will require logistical planning, knowledge of legislation and a more in-depth understanding in order to balance environmental and economic benefits.
This task quite often will fall with the energy manager for the organisation, if there is no sustainability person or team. The session gives a brief introduction on principles of waste management and relevant legal issues and gives practical guidance on how to set up waste management and recycling for your organisation.
Planning waste management and recycling for all waste generated by an organisation can be a daunting and enormous task which will require logistical planning, knowledge of legislation and a more in-depth understanding in order to balance environmental and economic benefits.
This task quite often will fall with the energy manager for the organisation, if there is no sustainability person or team. The session gives a brief introduction on principles of waste management and relevant legal issues and gives practical guidance on how to set up waste management and recycling for your organisation.
Integrated Solid Waste Management - Managing waste an environmentally sustainable, economically affordable and socially acceptable manner.
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management in Indian Cities including collection, transportation, processing and final disposal.
It also provides details on designing a collection system, procedure for composting, RDF and Sanitary Landfill.
Improper disposal of municipal solid waste can create unsanitary conditions, and these conditions in turn can lead to pollution of the environment and to outbreaks of vector-borne disease.The tasks of solid-waste management present complex technical challenges. They also pose a wide variety of administrative, economic, and social problems that must be managed and solved.Here we discuss about different types of solid waste and its effective management.
Integrated Solid Waste Management - Managing waste an environmentally sustainable, economically affordable and socially acceptable manner.
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management in Indian Cities including collection, transportation, processing and final disposal.
It also provides details on designing a collection system, procedure for composting, RDF and Sanitary Landfill.
Improper disposal of municipal solid waste can create unsanitary conditions, and these conditions in turn can lead to pollution of the environment and to outbreaks of vector-borne disease.The tasks of solid-waste management present complex technical challenges. They also pose a wide variety of administrative, economic, and social problems that must be managed and solved.Here we discuss about different types of solid waste and its effective management.
Integrated green technologies for msw (mam ver.)mamdouh sabour
SA is facing a great challenges for waste management due to the fast demographic and industrial growth, which left the country with accumulative amount of generated waste that needs to be managed in the most cost-effective, sustainable and green.
This PPT will give the information about what is incenaration and what is the process that will happen in the incenaration and how it is applied for civil Engineering.
Technical talk is describing various technologies about solid waste treatment and safe disposal :Detailed explanation of waste to energy treatment plant principle, operations and unit processes have been summerized.
Biodegradable waste consists of organics that can be utilized for food by naturally occurring micro- organisms within a reasonable length of time. The biodegradable organic comprise of agro residue, food processing rejections, municipal solid waste (food waste, leaves from garden waste, paper, cloths/ rags etc.), waste from poultry farms, cattle farm slaughter houses, dairy, sugar, distillery, paper, oil extraction plant, starch processing and leather industries.
Non-Biodegradable organic materials are organics resistant to biological degradation or have a very low degradation rate. This primarily includes woody plants, Cardboard, cartons, containers, wrappings, pouches, discarded clothing, wooden furniture, agricultural dry waste, bagasse, rice husk etc.
Analysis on municipal solid waste pellets makingJossie Xiong
The calorific value of raw MSW is around 1000 kcal/kg while that of fuel pellets is 4000 kcal/kg. On an average, about 15–20 tons of fuel pellets can be produced after treatment of 100 tons of raw garbage.
Viable E waste treatment Incineration vs Non IncinerationRohit Shinde
Content:
What is Electronic Waste?
How these become E-Waste
Generation of E-waste by Countries
Why E-Waste a Problem?
Constituents of E-Waste
E-Waste Processing steps
Methods for E-Waste treatment
Incineration – Process Description, Types, Advantage and Disadvantage
Non-Incineration – Process Description, Types, Advantage and Disadvantage
Did you know?
Conclusion
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
2. What is Waste?
A material, substance, or by-product which is
eliminated or discarded as no longer useful or required
after the completion of a process.
3. 3
TYPES OF WASTES
Solid wastes: Domestic , commercial and industrial wastes especially
common as co-disposal of wastes
Examples: Plastics, bottles, cans, papers, scrap iron,
and other trash
Liquid Wastes: wastes in liquid form
Examples: Domestic washings, chemicals, oils, waste
water from ponds, manufacturing industries
and other sources
5. Types of Liquid Wastes
Polluted water body Household Waste Water
Industrial Waste Water
6. MSW principally includes:
Domestic Waste: Kitchen waste, plastic, wood, rag/cloth and any other household
garbage, Street sweeping waste, Construction and demolition debris and Sanitation
residues.
About 46 million ton of MSW is generated annually (as per census 2001)
Approx. 30,000 tones/day is generated by 23 Metro Cities in India
50,000 Tones/day are generated by Class I cities(5,00,000/-
7000 Tones of plastics waste is generated every day
Municipal Solid Waste in India:
7. MSWM in India is driven by Municipal Solid Waste (Management &
Handling) Rule, 2000 which envisages segregated storage of waste at
source, collection from source, protected transportation to the treatment
facility, establishment environmentally safe treatment system and its
operation and maintenance and safe disposal of inert rejects.
Rules are under revision and CPHEEO is also preparing revised Manual on
MSWM for urban local bodies in India
Municipal Solid Waste in India:
9. Composition of MSW in a Typical
Indian City
Source: CPHEEO Manual on MSW, 2005
Total Organic Fraction - 40%, Combustible
Fraction - 37%, Recyclables - 8%, Inert -
15%
25. Open windrows composting:
Process: Composting is done through windrow composting method for 30 to 40
days. very popular, cheaper and Practiced in many Indian city as one of the
traditional method.
Limitations: Out of total mixed MSW only 10 to 15 % is converted into
compost, vvery high land requirements and 40 to 50 days of operation cycle.
Maximum part of waste goes t landfilling as rejects are more
26. CLOSED VESSEL COMPOSTING
Generally describes a group of methods that which confine
the composting materials within a building, container, or vessel.
Closed vessel composting systems can consist of metal or concrete bunkers in
which air flow and temperature can be controlled, using the principles of a
"bioreactor".
Generally the air circulation is metered in via buried tubes that allow fresh air
to be injected under pressure, with the exhaust being extracted through a bio
filter, with temperature and moisture conditions monitored using probes in the
mass to allow maintenance of optimum aerobic decomposition conditions.
27. 1st week of composting
chamber
2st week of composting
chamber
CLOSED VESSEL COMPOSTING
28. BIOMETHANIZATION/BIOGAS:
Well known technology for domestic sewage and organic wastes treatment, but not
for mixed MSW.
Biological conversion of biodegradable organic materials in the absence of oxygen
at temperatures 55 to 75oC.
Residue is stabilized organic matter that can be used as soil amendment after
proper dewatering.
Digestion is used primarily to reduce quantity of sludge for disposal / reuse.
Methane gas generated used for electricity / energy generation or flared.
29.
30. The process of conversion of garbage into fuel pellets involves primarily drying,
separation of combustibles from garbage, size reduction and pelletization after
mixing with binder and additives as required.
The reduction in moisture is very crucial and can be done artificially or by natural
sun drying. Sun drying is preferred when adequate land is readily available.
However, during periods of heavy rainfall, alternate arrangements for drying will
have to be made.
Many plants in Indian cities e. Hyderabad, Kochi, Nashik etc. funded under
JnNURM but most of them are not working due to various reasons.
Considerable energy inputs required for moisture reductions, shredding,
segregation and pelletization and which is not economical.
If properly designed and segregation achieved at source can be very economical
and suitable for industrial use
REFUSE DERIVED FUEL (RDF):
31.
32. This is an emerging technology for energy/resources recovery from organic
wastes. The system basically uses a Plasma Reactor which houses one or
more Plasma Arc Torches.
A high voltage discharge and consequently an extremely high temperature
environment (above 3000 degree Celsius).
Non-commercial has been proven technically (pilot scale) but not
commercial scale / financially in India.
Organic materials are converted to syngas composed of H2, CO.
Inorganic materials are converted to solid slag.
Syngas can be utilized for energy production or proportions can be
condensed to produce oils and waxes.
Very less land required, landfilling is also minimum.
Plasma Arc Technology/Plasma Pyrolysis Vitrification
(PPV):
34. Combustion of raw MSW, moisture less than 50%, Sufficient amount of
oxygen is required to fully oxidize the fuel
Combustion temperatures are in excess of 850oC
Waste is converted into CO2 and water concern about toxics (dioxin,
furans)
Any non-combustible materials (inorganic such as metals, glass) remain
as a solid, known as bottom ash (used as feedstock in cement and brick
manufacturing)
Fly ash APC (air pollution control residue) particulates, etc
Needs high calorific value waste to keep combustion process going,
otherwise requires high energy for maintaining high temperatures
Combined technologies available for power generation
Not on commercial scale in India, some projects are in pipeline..
Incineration:
36. Pyrolysis involves an irreversible chemical change brought about by the action of
heat in atmosphere devoid of oxygen. Synonymous terms are thermal
decomposition, destructive distillation and carbonization.
Pyrolysis is carried out at temperature between 500 and 1000OC to produce
three component streams.
Byproducts from pyrolysis are char, liquids and gas have a large calorific value.
Certain amount of excess heat still remains which can be commercially exploited.
Many international and national companies are interested but successful model is
not available in country.
PYROLYSIS:
39. SANITARY LANDFILLS (ACCOMMODATE 57% OF
TOTAL MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE):
Each day trash is spread in
thin layers
Compacted down
Covered with a soil layer
Graded for drainage
http://www.epa.gov/garbage/dmg2/chapter9.pdf
Sanitary landfills have largely
replaced open dumps.
40.
41.
42. PROBLEMS WITH LANDFILLS…
Landfills require space
Produce methane gas (can be used for energy, or can cause climate
change)
Leachate must be collected and treated
Potential for water pollution
NOT a long-term remedy