detailed information on solid waste management

1. BUILDING SERVICES 1
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Presented By:
ABHINITI GARG
ANKITA YADAV
ANKITA KUMARI
(B.ARCH Ist YEAR
2nd sem)

2. CONTENT
 INTRODUCTION
 HEALTH IMPACTS OF SOLID WASTE
 WASTE MINIMISATION
 WASTE COLLECTION & SEGREGATION
 PROCESSES CARRIED OUT DURING SWM
 CONCLUSION

3. INTRODUCTION
Solid waste is the unwanted or useless solid
materials generated from combined residential,
industrial, and commercial activities in a given
common area.
-Municipal solid waste(MSW):
solid waste from home or office
-Industrial solid waste:
solid waste produced from Mines, Agriculture or
Industry.

4. HEALTH IMPACTS OF SOLID WASTE
 Exposure to hazardous waste can affect human
health, children being more vulnerable to these
pollutants.
 Improperly operated incineration plants cause air
pollution and improperly managed and designed
landfills attract all types of insects and rodents that
spread disease.
 Direct handling of solid waste results in chronic
diseases with the waste workers and rag pickers
being the most vulnerable.

5. WASTE MINIMISATION
 Prevention of waste being created is known as
waste reduction which is an important method of
waste management.
 The modern concepts based on three R’s are:
Reduce, Reuse and Recycle.
 Methods of avoidance include Reuse of second
hand products, designing products to be refillable or
reusable, repairing broken items instead of buying
new etc.

7. WASTE COLLECTION
 To minimize the time and cost involved in collecting
through vehicles, public can be given instructions to
dump their house wastes in one place or waste can
be collected in person with the help of vehicle.
SEGREGATION
o Segregation of wastes into degradable and non-
degradable waste is to be done to recover or divert
non-degradable (electric items, plastics, tyres etc)
and degradable items (wood, textile etc) to its
recycling plant and if possible, it can be reused.

8. PROCESSES CARRIED OUT DURING
SWM
Integrated solid waste management through the
following processes can provide a better reliable
solution for the problem of municipal solid waste
generation.
-BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT
-THERMAL TREATMENT
-LANDFILL
-RECYCLING

9. BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT -
COMPOSTING
 Compost is organic matter that has been
decomposed and recycled as a fertilizer and soil
amendment.
 The process of composting simply requires a heap
of wetted organic matter (leaves, “green” food
wastes) and waiting for the materials to breakdown
into humus after a period of weeks or months.

10. THERMAL TREATMENT
 This refers to processes that involve the use of heat
to treat waste. These are the commonly utilized
thermal treatment processes
-Incineration
-Pyrolysis and Gasification
-Open Burning

11. INCINERATION
 This is the combustion of wastes in presence of
oxygen. After incineration, the waste are converted
to CO2 , Water vapour and ash.
PYROLYSIS AND GASIFICATION
 These processes, both decompose organic waste
by exposing it to high temperatures and low
amounts of oxygen.Gasification uses a low oxygen
environment while pyrolysis allows no oxygen.
OPEN BURNING
 Burning of unwanted materials in a manner that
causes smoke and other emissions to be released
directly into the air without passing through the
chimney or incinerators.

12. DUMPS AND LANDFILLS
 Sanitary landfills
-Designed to greatly reduce or eliminate the risks
that waste disposal may pose to the public health
and environmental quality.
-They are usually placed in areas where land
features act as natural buffers between the landfill
and the environment.
-The bottom and sides of landfills are lined with
layers of clay or plastic to keep the liquid waste,
known as leachate, from escaping into the soil.
-A landfill is divided into a series of individual cells
and only a few cells of the site are filled with trash
at any one time.

13. -The natural anaerobic decomposition of the waste in
the landfill produces landfill gases which include
Carbon Dioxide, methane and traces of other gases.
-Thus some landfills are fitted with landfill gas
collection (LFG) systems to capitalise on the
methane being produced. The process of generating
gas is very slow.
-The cost of establishing these sanitary landfills are
high when compared to the other land disposal
methods.

15.  Controlled dumps
-Controlled dumps are disposal sites which comply
with most of the requirements for a sanitary landfill
but usually have one deficiency. -They may have a
planned capacity but no cell planning. These
dumps have a reduced risk of environmental
contamination, the initial costs are low and the
operational costs are moderate.

16.  Bioreactor Landfills
-The Bioreactor landfills use enhanced
microbiological processes to accelerate the
decomposition of waste.
-The main controlling factor is the constant addition
of liquid to maintain optimum moisture for microbial
digestion.
-They rapidly reduce the volume of the waste
creating more space for additional waste, & also
maximise the production and capture of methane
for energy recovery systems.

17. RECYCLING
 Recycling is a process to change waste materials
into new products to prevent waste of potentially
useful materials, reduce consumption of fresh raw
materials, reduce energy usage, reduce air
pollution(from incineration) and water pollution
(from land filling) by reducing the need for
conventional waste disposal, and lower greenhouse
gas emissions as compared to plastic production.

18. CONCLUSION

19. THANKYOU