This document discusses solid waste management in India. It defines different types of waste and how waste is classified. It notes that India generates over 7 million tons of hazardous waste annually. The sources of municipal solid waste are households, commerce, industry, and agriculture. Waste generation is growing rapidly as populations and economies grow. Current waste collection in India is inadequate. The document discusses various options for waste disposal and management, including sanitary landfilling, composting, incineration, and recycling. It outlines the benefits of reducing, reusing, and recycling waste. The problems associated with poor solid waste management are also mentioned.

1. Solid Waste Management
Gulshan Kumar
Civil engg.
Roll no.-

2. What Are Waste ?
• “ Substances or objects which are disposed of or are
intended to be disposed of or are required to be
disposed of by the provisions of the law”
• Disposal means
“Any operation which may lead to resource recovery,
recycling, reclamation, direct re-use or alternative
uses.”

3. Classification
• Domestic waste
• Factory waste
• Waste from oil factory
• E-waste
• Construction waste
• Agricultural waste
• Food processing waste
• Bio-medical waste
• Nuclear waste

4. Solid Waste

5. Classification of Wastes
• Solid waste- vegetable waste, kitchen waste, household
waste etc.
• E-waste- discarded electronic devices like computer, TV,
music systems etc.
• Liquid waste- water used for different industries eg
tanneries, distillaries, thermal power plants
• Plastic waste- plastic bags, bottles, buckets etc.
• Metal waste- unused metal sheet, metal scraps etc.
• Nuclear waste- unused materials from nuclear power
plants

6. Classification of Waste a/c to their properties
Bio-degradable :-
can be degraded (paper, wood, fruits and others)
Non-biodegradable :-
cannot be degraded (plastics, bottles, old machines,
cans, containers and others)

7. SOURCES OF WASTE
HOUSEHOLDS
COMMERCE
AND
INDUSTRY

8. SOURCES OF WASTE
Agriculture
Fisheries

9. Solid Waste in India
• 7.2 million tonnes of hazardous waste
• One Sq. km of additional landfill area every-year
• Rs 1600 crore for treatment & disposal of these wastes
• In addition to this industries discharge about 150 million
tonnes of high volume low hazard waste every year,
which is mostly dumped on open low lying land areas.
Source: Estimate of Ministry of Environment & Forest

10. Growth of Solid Waste In India
• Waste is growing every year
• In 1981-91, population of Mumbai increased from 8.2
million to 12.3 million
• During the same period, municipal solid waste has grown
from 3200 tonnes to 5355 tonne, an increase of 67%
• Waste collection is very low for all Indian cities
• City like Bangalore produces 2000 tonnes of waste per
annum, the ever increasing waste has put pressure on
hygienic condition of the city
Source: The Energy & Resources Institute, New Delhi

11. Projections on Waste Generation In India

12. Waste Collection in India
• Primarily by the city municipality :-
- No gradation of waste product e.g. - bio-degradable,
glasses, polybags, paper shreds etc.
- Dumps these wastes to the city outskirts
• Local raddiwala / kabadiwala (Rag pickers) :-
- Collecting small iron pieces by magnets
- Collecting glass bottles
- Collecting paper for recycling

13. Disposal of solid wastes
• Sanitary land filling
• Shredding
• Composting
• Incineration
• Barging it out into the Sea

14. Managing Waste
Recycling
Benefits of recycling :-
- Reduce environmental degradation
- Making money out of waste
- Save energy that would have gone into waste handling &
product manufacture
Saving through recycling :-
- Making paper from waste saves 50% energy
- Every tonne of recycled glass saves energy equivalent to
100 litres of oil

15. Managing Waste
• Reduce Waste :-
- Reduce office paper waste
- Improve product design to use less materials.
- Redesign packaging to eliminate excess material while
maintaining strength.
- Work with customers to design and implement a packaging
return program.
- Switch to reusable transport containers.

16. Managing Waste
Reuse :-
- Reuse office furniture and supplies, such as interoffice
envelopes, file folders, and paper.
- Use durable towels, tablecloths, napkins, dishes, cups,
and glasses.
- Use incoming packaging materials for outgoing
shipments.
- Encourage employees to reuse office materials rather
than purchase new ones.

17. Managing Waste
Donate/Exchange :-
- old books
- old clothes
- old computers
- excess building materials
- old equipment to local organizations

18. Hazardous / Toxic Waste & Dumping Site
• Industrialized countries have waste management
problems
• Developed countries have strict environment
regulation norms
• Most attractive option for them- to dump into
developing countries

19. Collection & Recycling of Waste Materials

20. Recycling not a solution to all problems !
- Recycling is not a solution to managing
every kind of waste material
- For many items recycling technologies are
unavailable or unsafe
- In some cases, cost of recycling is too high

21. Solution : More Profit With Zero Waste
• Exchanging output that are considered waste
• Waste of one could be input or raw material for
others

22. Problems in Dealing With Solid Waste
• Education
• Collection of waste
• Technological interventions
• Institutions & regulatory framework
• Absence of mandatory standards for waste reduction
• Market action for waste reduction
Source: The Energy & Resources Institute

23. • Effects our health
• Affects our socio-economics condition
• Affects our costal and marine environment
• Affects our climate
EFFECT OF WASTE IF NOT MANAGED WISELY

24. Thank You