This document provides an overview of solid waste management. It begins with definitions of solid waste and municipal solid waste. It then discusses sources and types of municipal solid waste, as well as typical generation quantities. The key elements of municipal solid waste management systems are outlined, including collection, transfer, transport, disposal methods like landfilling and incineration, and the 4R concept of reduce, reuse, recycle, recover. Specific collection and disposal methods are described in more detail. The document also discusses the characteristics, composition and impact of municipal solid waste. A case study example is provided at the end to illustrate some of the concepts.

1. CC 604 : Environment Pollution & Control
Chapter 5 : Solid Waste Management + Case Study
Class : DKA 5E
Members of Group
Registration
Number
Norfarhana Ain Binti Zainal Ariff
01DKA10F2036
Nurul Husna Binti Mohamed
Roshidi
Siti Rashidah Binti Abd Razi
01DKA10F2043
01DKA10F2070

2. CHAPTER 5 :
SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT

3. Sources, Types, Composition,
Quantities and Main Elements
in Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)
Management

4. Solid waste are
wastes that are
not liquid or
gaseous
The term solid
waste means :
Material such as
household
garbage, food
wastes, yard
wastes, and
demolition or
construction
debris
What
Is Solid
Waste
Solid wastes are
all the discarded
solid materials
from municipal,
industrial, and
agricultural
activities

5. Objective Of Solid Waste
Management
The objective of solid wastes
management to control, collect,
process, dispose of solid wastes
in an economical way
consistent with the public
health protection

6. Municipal solid waste (MSW) is a
waste type consisting of everyday
items that are discarded by the
public
Definition Of
Municipal Solid Waste
(MSW)
All wastes, resulting from
population, residential and non
residential buildings, as well as
transport vehicles
Municipal solid waste (MSW)
commonly known as:
trash or garbage
refuse or rubbish

7. Sources Of MSW
Residential
Industrial
Commercial
Institutional
Construction/Demolition
Municipal Services
Process (Manufacturing)
Agriculture

8. Industrial
waste
Sewage
treatment
residue
Dead
animals
Type Of
MSW
Garbage
Rubbish
Demolition
Wastes
Construction
waste

9. It is estimated that solid waste generated in
small, medium and large cities and towns is
about 0.1 kg, 0.3 – 0.4 kg and 0.5 kg per capita
per day respectively
Quantity Of
Municipal Solid
Waste (MSW) In
Malaysia
Total municipal solid waste (MSW) collected in
the country increased every year
The average per capita generation has increased
from 0.67 kg/person/day in 2001 to 0.8
kg/person/day in 2005
In 2008 it is reported increase at 60 – 70 %.
Current MSW generation has reached 1.3
kg/person/day

10. Element Of MSW
Management
• Waste generation
• Waste handling, sorting, storage,
and processing at the source
• Collection
• Separation, processing and
transformation of solid wastes
• Transfer and transport
• Energy Generation
• Disposal

11. Strategies for Effective
and Environmental
Friendly
• Minimize waste generation
• Maximize waste recycling and reuse
• Educate people on different ways of
handling waste
• Systematic solid waste management

12. Understand The Characteristics,
Composition and Components
of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)

13. Physical
Characteristic
Moisture content : increase
the weight of solid waste ,
so the cost of collection &
transportation will
increasing
Density : used to assess
volume of transportation
vehicle & size of the disposal
facility
Characteristic
of MSW
Chemical
Characteristic
is essential in
understanding the
behavior of waste all
through the waste
management system and
also in selecting and
determining the efficiency
of any treatment process

14. Composition
Components

15. Understand The Process of
Generation and Handling of
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW))

16. Waste Generation
Waste generation include activities in which
material identified as no longer being of value
and are either thrown away or gathered
together for disposal.

17. Collection
Elements of collection, includes not only the
gathering of solid waste and recyclable
material, but also the transport of these
materials after collection, to the location
where the collection vehicle is emptied.

18. Factor Influence Generation of MSW
• Socio-economic background:
– The buying power
– Income level
• Cultural background
• Locality:
– Urban
– Rural setting

19. Handling and Separating Municipal
Solid Waste
• Waste handling and separation involves activities
associated with waste management until the
waste is placed in storage containers for
collection.
• Handling also include the movement of loaded
containers to the point of collection. Separating
different types of waste components is an
important step in the handling and storage of
solid waste at the source.

20. Understand The Municipal Solid
Waste (MSW) Collection
Activities)

21. Collection Activities
• The most common collection services are
curb/alley, set out/set back pickup, and
backyard pickup.
• The collection services provided to large
apartment buildings, residential complexes,
commercial and industrial activities typically in
centered around the use of large movable and
stationary containers and large stationary
compactors.

22. Curb or Alley Pickup
• The quickest and most economical point of
collection.
• Using standard container that has been design
by city council.

23. Set-out, Set-back Pickup
• Collectors have to enter property.
• Set out crew carries full containers from
resident storage location to curb/alley before
collection vehicle arrives.
• Set back crew return the container to storage
area.

24. Backyard Pickup
• Usually accomplish by the use of tote barrels.
• The collector enter the resident’s property,
dumps the container into a tote barrel, carries
it to the trucks and dumps it.

25. Transfer and Transport
• Transfer and transport refers to the facilities
used to transfer of wastes from one location
to another.
- Small collection vehicles are transferred to larger
vehicles that are used to transport the waste over
extended distances to disposal sites.

26. Understand The Various Kinds of
MSW Disposal Methods Such as
Land Filling, Incineration and
Organic MSW Composting

27. Sanitary Land Filling


The controlled disposal of solid waste
on the upper layer of the earth
mantle in a manner the
environmental hazards is minimized.
Important technical aspects in the
implementation of sanitary landfills
include:
 Site selection.
 Land filling methods and
operation.
 Occurrence of gasses and leachate.
 Movement and control of gases
and leachate.

28. Incineration
•The process of burning waste in large
furnaces at high temperature is know as
incineration.
•It is used to dispose of solid liquid and
gaseous waste .Incineration facilities
generally do not require as much area as
landfills.
•At the end of the process all that is left
behind is ash.

29. Incinerators System

30. Composting
• Compost Is the product resulting from the controlled
biological decomposition of organic material.
• The starting material for composting are commonly
referred to a feed stocks

31. Explain the environmental, social , economical,
and political information available for municipal
solid waste (MSW)
a)The disposal site shall be capable of being characterized ,
modeled, analyzed and monitored.
b)The disposal site shall be generally well drained and free of
areas of flooding or frequent bonding.
c)Depend on the type of accommodation, terrace houses , flats
, commercial area or factories
d)Collection service route

32. Effect of incineration sanitary landfill and
composting to the environment
• Release hundreds of toxic chemicals into the
atmosphere;
• Disposal of the ash (The toxic substance are more
concentrated in the ash);
• Highly related to the economic condition;
• A classic short-term solution potentially useful
(recyclable or compostable) (it destroys material by
turning it into toxic ash);

33. Know 4R’s Concept and Justify
Aspects and Issues related to
recycling and composting of
municipal solid waste (MSW)

34. Describe waste reduction ,reuse,
recovery and recycling concepts.
• Method of waste reduction, waste reuse, and
recycling are the preferred options when managing
waste.
• 4R’s stand for:
Reduction
Reuse
Recovery
Recycling

35. Reduction
• By reducing, consumer and industry can save natural resources
and reduce waste management costs.
Reuse
• Large production companies such as Electronic, appliances and
gadgets, should establish the collection centre, where damaged
items can be repaired and reuse.
Recovery
• Energy or material can be recovered from waste that are not
reused or recycled
Recycling
• Recycling turns materials that would otherwise become waste
into valuable resources

36. Identify the impact of reuse /recycle /reduction
on landfill design and operation.
•
•
•
•
saves natural resources.
reduces toxicity of waste.
reduce cost.
helps sustain the environment for future
generations.
• reduces the need for land filling and incineration.

37. Explain on conventional and innovative
waste utilization /recycling technologies.
1.Conventional
Two types of composting process:
1.
Aerobic composting
2.
Anaerobic composting
Factor that influence Aerobic composting process :
i.
Particle size 25 to 75mm for the optimum chemical reaction to occur
ii.
The ratio of C:N (Carbon to nitrogen ratio)
iii.
Moisture content should be in the range 50-60%
iv.
Temperature the optimum temperature for the composting process is 50 to 70˚C
v.
PH control the optimum for micro activity is 6.5-7.5 to prevent loss of nitrogen as ammonia (NH₃) gas , pH
should not exceed 8.5
vi.
Mixing process to prevent dehydration on the surface of the compost
vii.
Air requirements
2.Innovative
i.
Will improve public health and safely achieve
ii.
Non-toxic gases, which are created, are stored in special containers (gas cylinders) and used as fuel and
energy creators.
iii.
Method takes place in a close system, without releasing ashes, waste remnants, dusts and toxic gases into
environment.

38. CASE STUDY :

40. • Garbage
collecting is
not follow
work
schedule
especially
involves area
housing
CAUSES

41. cause the occupants
had to take the
easy way to remove
the debris and solid
waste in open areas,
including the
roadside and at
major crossroads on
the road
remove debris and
solid waste in open
area away from the
house
This Is because
garbage and solid
waste loaded in the
barrel, in front of
their homes are full
ACTION
RESIDENTS
IN THE
AREA

42. THE EFFECTS
animals eat like cats and dogs, garbage lifted late in the barrel at the
front door of his house will be wormy and rotten and then overflowing
into the road shoulder.
not lasting the nauseating smell that permeates the house, every time
you open the door until cause of the health and appetite.
experiencing severe odor pollution as wormy and rotting garbage in
the trash lifted by garbage trucks.
Waste water overflowing from the truck in the road surface.
Affected neighborhoods wedding
contaminate views
raises displeasure

43. Impacts of
solid waste on
environment
Waste breaks down in
landfills to form
methane, a potent
greenhouse gas
Change in climate and
destruction of ozone
layer due to waste
biodegradable
Garbage disposal, due
to waste pollutions,
illegal dumping,
leaching : is a process
by which solid waste
enter soil and ground
water and
contaminating them

44. Nausea and
vomiting
Mercury
toxicity from
eating fish with
high levels of
mercury
Increase in
hospitalization
of diabetic
residents living
near hazard
waste sites
Low birth
weight
Impacts
of solid
waste on
health
Cancer
Chemical
poisoning
through
chemical
inhalation

45. Population
growth
Increase in
industrials
manufacturing
Urbanization
Causes of
increase in
solid waste

46. Preventive measures
Systematic solid waste management
Involving public in plans for waste
treatment and disposal
Educate people on different ways of
handling waste
Household level of proper segregation of
waste, recycling and reuse
Process and product substitution example
use paper bag instead of plastic bags
garbage collection according to the
schedule set

47. References
Internet
1.
Wikipedia. Municipal Solid Waste. September 19, 2013,
from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipal_solid_waste
2.
Slide Share. Solid Waste. September 18, 2013, by Wali
Memon, from
http://www.slideshare.net/walimemon/games-solid-wastecan-play-with-enviorment
3.
Silde Share. Minicipal Solid Waste. September 19, 2013, By
Muhammad Fahad Ansar ,
http://www.slideshare.net/fahadansari131/municipalsolid-waste-by-muhammad-fahad-ansari-12ieem1413324528