Integrated solid waste management (ISWM) aims to provide environmental sustainability, economic affordability, and social acceptance for waste management in a given region. ISWM combines waste reduction, recycling, composting, and proper disposal in landfills. The major activities are reducing waste, recycling, composting, combustion, and landfilling. Waste collection involves on-site handling, storage, transportation to processing/disposal sites.
Integrated Solid Waste Management - Managing waste an environmentally sustainable, economically affordable and socially acceptable manner.
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management in Indian Cities including collection, transportation, processing and final disposal.
It also provides details on designing a collection system, procedure for composting, RDF and Sanitary Landfill.
Integrated Solid Waste Management - Managing waste an environmentally sustainable, economically affordable and socially acceptable manner.
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management in Indian Cities including collection, transportation, processing and final disposal.
It also provides details on designing a collection system, procedure for composting, RDF and Sanitary Landfill.
STUDY FOLLOWING WASTE MINIMIZATION TECHNICS:
1)Waste minimization
2)Detoxification and neutralization of waste by treatment
3)Destructure of combustible waste by incineration
4)Solidification of sludge and ash.
5)Disposal of residues in landfills
Presentation can help you to understand concept, principle engineering and important factors of landfilling such as component, requirement, microbial activity, landfill gas and leachate generation
Improper disposal of municipal solid waste can create unsanitary conditions, and these conditions in turn can lead to pollution of the environment and to outbreaks of vector-borne disease.The tasks of solid-waste management present complex technical challenges. They also pose a wide variety of administrative, economic, and social problems that must be managed and solved.Here we discuss about different types of solid waste and its effective management.
STUDY FOLLOWING WASTE MINIMIZATION TECHNICS:
1)Waste minimization
2)Detoxification and neutralization of waste by treatment
3)Destructure of combustible waste by incineration
4)Solidification of sludge and ash.
5)Disposal of residues in landfills
Presentation can help you to understand concept, principle engineering and important factors of landfilling such as component, requirement, microbial activity, landfill gas and leachate generation
Improper disposal of municipal solid waste can create unsanitary conditions, and these conditions in turn can lead to pollution of the environment and to outbreaks of vector-borne disease.The tasks of solid-waste management present complex technical challenges. They also pose a wide variety of administrative, economic, and social problems that must be managed and solved.Here we discuss about different types of solid waste and its effective management.
Solid waste management is a term that is used to refer to the process of collecting and treating solid wastes. It also offers solutions for recycling items that do not belong to garbage or trash. As long as people have been living in settlements and residential areas, garbage or solid waste has been an issue.
1.Introduction
2.Definition
3.Classification
a) based on source or origin
b) based on nature of waste
#Non hazardous or solid waste
#Hazardous waste
4. Health hazards of accumulated solid waste
- Definitions
- Public health importance
- Environmental and Health Impact of Solid Waste
- Functional elements of solid waste
- Integrated waste management and waste management hierarchy
Managing waste is one of daunting problems.This presentation is an approach to make the waste management system more sustainable and easily acceptable.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
2. Integrated solid waste management (ISWM) is a comprehesive
waste collection, prevention , treatment, recycling, composting
and disposal method that aims to provide environmental
sustainability ,economic affordability and social acceptance
for any specific region.
ISWM which combines a variety of strategies for both waste
management and waste reduction.
The major ISWM activities are waste reduction, recycling and
composting , combustion and disposal is properly designed ,
constructed and managed landfills.
This includes the three R’s : reduce,reuse and recycle.
5. The materials that are collected under the term solid waste
include many different substances from a multitude of sources.
The sources of solid wastes are dependent on the
socioeconomic and technological levels of a society.
Residential Agriculture Commercial
Industrial
waste
Institutional
solid waste
Hospital
solid waste
6. ON-SITE HANDLING
On-site handling methods and principles involve public
attitude and individual belief and ultimately affects the public
health.
It is an activity associated with the handling of solid waste
until it is placed in the containers used for its storage before
collection.
On- site handling methods:
1. Sorting
2. shredding
3. grinding
4. composting
7. ON-SITE STORAGE:
The first phase to manage solid waste is at home level. It
requires temporary storage of refuse on the premises.
For individual homes, industries, and other commercial
centers, proper on-site storage of solid waste is the beginning
of disposal, because unkept or simple dumps are sources of
nuisance, flies, smells and other hazards.
8. STORAGE CONTAINER:
Garbage and refuse generated in kitchens and other work areas
should be collected and stored in properly designed and
constructed water-proof garbage cans (waste bins).
TYPES OF CONTAINERS
Plastic liners for cans and wrapping for garbage reduce the need
for cleaning of cans and bulk containers, and keep down odors,
rat and fly breeding.
Galvanized metal is preferable for garbage storage because it is
resistant to corrosion. Plastic cans are light in weight but are
easily gnawed by rats.
Bulk containers are recommended where large volumes of refuse
are generated, such as at hotels, restaurants, apartment houses,
and shopping centers.
A concrete platform provided with a drain to an approved sewer
with a water faucet at the site facilitates cleaning.
10. CONTAINER SIZE:
ash: up to 80 to 128 liters
mixed refuse: should not exceed 120 to 128 liters
rubbish up to 200 liters
kitchen waste is 40 liters
garbage is 48 to 80 liters
Importance of on-site processing:
reduces volume of waste generated
alters physical form
recovers usable materials
Factors that should be considered in evaluating On-Site
processing are capabilities, reliability, environmental
effects,ease of operation, etc.
11. This is the removal of refuse from the collection point to final
disposal site.
It is the most expensive as compared with other operation and
management procedures, because it demands special vehicles,
more manpower, hand tools, more funds for maintenance,
gathering and picking up of solid waste from the various
source taking the collected wastes to the location where it is
unloaded .
House Dustbin Truck
transfer
station
disposal
12. COLLECTION SERVICES:
There are four types of collection services:
Curb (curb side): The home owner is responsible for placing
and returning the empty container. Never entirely satisfactory
Set-out (block collection): Owner is responsible for returning
the container. The full containers are brought or set at the
collection site by the crew. Bins are not left out on the street
for long periods.
Backyard carrying service (door to door collection):
Collection crews that go along with the collection vehicle are
responsible for bringing out stored solid waste from the
dwelling units. It is the only satisfactory system in which the
householder does not get involved.
Alleys: a narrow street or path between buildings in a town.
That is difficult to get the container and also to the vehicle that
will collect the waste.
14. Modes of operation in solid waste collection
Hauled container system- The containers used for the
storage of wastes are hauled to the disposal site, emptied and
returned. The labour requirements for this system is one
person, two for safety, and a driver to drive the vehicle load
are needed.
Stationary container system - The containers used for the
storage of waste remain at the point of generation except for
occasional short trips to the collection vehicles. The labour
requirements for mechanically loaded is one driver and two
helper are needed.
15. Transfer stations are employed when the disposal site is
situated at significant distance from the point of collection.
It can reduce the cost of transporting refuse by reducing
manpower requirement and total kilometers. For transfer one
driver is needed.
It may include stationary compactors, recycling bins, material
recovery facility, mobile equipment.
Transfer and transport station should provide welfare facilities
for workers (lockers,toilets,showers); small stores for brooms ,
shovels ,cleaning materials, parking facilities for hand truck ,
sweepers , refuse collectors .
16.
17. Resource recovery is a partial solid waste disposal and
reclamation process. It can be expected to achieve about 60%
reductions in future landfill volume requirements.
After recovery the materials from solid waste and remaining
unwanted materials are disposed. A site location close to the
center of the generators of solid.
Products that can be recycled
Plastic
Tires
Paper
glass
18.
19. TECHNIQUES INVOLVED IN RESOURCE RECOVERY
Compaction , which mechanically reduces the volume of solid
waste
chemical volume reduction by incineration
mechanical size reduction by shredding, grinding and milling
component separation by hand-sorting, air separation,magnetic
separation and screening
20. In solid waste management, disposal is one of basic programs
that has to be done with maximum precautions. If it is not
done effectively and efficiently, the whole program will not be
satisfactory.
Disposal of solid waste has to be accomplished without the
creation of nusiance and health hazards in order to fullfill the
objectives of SWM. These are
1. Improvement of asthetic apperance of the environment
2. Avoidance of smells and unsightliness
3. Reduction of disease by curtailing fly and rodent breeding
4. Prevention of humans and stray dogs from scavenging
21. In disposal of solids wastes, it is recommended that the
following be done to avoid any risks:
1. The disposal site should be 30 meters from water sources in
order to prevent possible contamination
2. Radioactive materials and explosives should not be together.
3. The site should be fenced to keep way scavengers.
4. All surfaces of the dump should be covered.
5. All wastes should be dumped in layers and compacted.
6. The disposal site should be about 500 meters from
residential areas.
22. Generally there are several methods of solid waste disposal that
can be utilized. These methods are:
1. Ordinary open dumping
2. Incineration
3. Sanitary landfill
4. Composting
5. Grinding and discharge into sewer
6. Recycling
7. Dumping into water bodies.
