This document discusses solar desalination, including suitable solar technologies like photovoltaic and concentrating solar systems. It also covers various desalination techniques like multi-stage flash, multiple-effect boiling, vapor compression, and reverse osmosis. While desalination provides a solution to water scarcity issues given limited freshwater reserves, solar energy coupled with desalination faces technical challenges but offers promising prospects for powering water needs in remote areas without access to traditional energy sources.

1. Topic:
SOLAR DESALINATION

2. CONTENTS
 Introduction of Desalination
 Suitable Solar technologies for desalination
 Desalination techniques
 Conclusions and Technical challenges to Solar
powered desalination.

3. DESALINATON
 Desalination is the process of removing dissolved minerals
from sea water, brackish ground water or treated waste
water.

4. WHY DESALINATION ?
 97.5 % ocean water not drinkable, 2%
frozen fresh water, 0.5 % available fresh
water.
 By 2030,2/3rd of the world population will
be suffering from water shortages
 [HSBC optimized Global water
index,2008 ]
The Worlds Wate3% Fresh Water
World Water Resources
Salt Water
Fresh Water

5. WHY DESALINATION ?
• Fresh water Reserves
 500 to 1000 ppm salinity; fresh water constitutes only 3%-5% of
the world’s water [ADA, 2002].
• Rapidly Diminishing Accessible Freshwater Reserves
 The high rate of population growth and climate change
presents increased need for freshwater, and in the next
decades many further areas of the world are expected also to
require substantial use of desalination

6. Solar Energy Technologies
• Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems
 which collect solar power and transform this energy into electrical
power ([Chaabane, 2013]).
• Solar Concentrating Systems
 which collect solar power and transfer this to heat energy (perhaps the
most extensive surveys on solar thermal systems is [NREL, 2003],

7. Solar Energy factors
• Cost-Effectiveness
 The Shoaiba Desalination Plant in Saudi Arabia constructed in 2003 is
the world’s largest desalination plant with a capacity of 150 million
m³/year. this plant uses non-renewable power is from oil-fired turbines,
• Energy-Efficiency
• Challenges

8. Desalination Technologies
The multi-stage flash(MSF) process
• The multiple-effect boiling(MEB)process
• The vapour compression(VC)process]
• Reverse osmosis(RO)
• Electrodialysis(ED)

9. Conclusion
Solar energy coupled to desalination offers a promising
prospects for covering the fundamental needs of power water in
remote regions.

10. References
 [AbKadir, 2010] AbKadir MZA, Rafeeu Y, Adam NM. Prospective scenarios for the
full solar energy development in Malaysia. Renewable and Sustainable Energy
Reviews 2010;14:3023–31.
 [Al-Sahlawi, 1999] Al-Sahlawi MA. Sea water desalination in Saudia Arabia:
economic review and demand projection. Elsever Desalination 1999;123:143–7.
 Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, (2015). DOI:
10.1016/j.rser.2015.03.065
 Seawater desalination is described in [Al-sofi, 2011]