Examples of electromagnetic waves include radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, x-rays, and gamma rays. ... Microwaves are used to cook your food. Infrared waves are used in remote controls and are emitted from all warm objects, allowing them to be used to create heat-sensitive cameras

1. Duration: 60 min DPT Medical Physics Lecture 06
Applications of
EM Waves
Instructor:
Engr. Taimoor Muzaffar Gondal
taimoor.muzaffar@superior.edu.pk
Lecture 06

2. Duration: 60 min DPT Medical Physics Lecture 06
What are Waves?
Rhythmic disturbances that carry energy without carrying matter
Waves
Mechanical Waves
Transverse Waves
Longitudinal
WavesElectromagnetic
Waves

3. Duration: 60 min DPT Medical Physics Lecture 06
Mechanical Waves
Waves that require a material medium
Examples include ocean waves; ripples in water; seismic waves; sound, and waves
along a spring or rope; wave of people at a sporting event
These materials carry the energy of the wave

4. Duration: 60 min DPT Medical Physics Lecture 06
Wave:
 Crest
 Trough
 Wavelength

5. Duration: 60 min DPT Medical Physics Lecture 06
Frequency, Time Period

6. Duration: 60 min DPT Medical Physics Lecture 06
 Waves that DO NOT NEED matter
(medium) to transfer energy
 Examples: radiation, TV & radio waves,
X-rays, microwaves, lasers, energy from
the sun, visible light
 Electromagnetic waves are considered transverse waves because they have
similar characteristics; therefore, they have the same parts.
Electromagnetic Waves

7. Duration: 60 min DPT Medical Physics Lecture 06
Spectrum of EM Waves

8. Duration: 60 min DPT Medical Physics Lecture 06
X-Rays
 Electromagnetic radiations
 High energy
 Short wavelength
 Able to pass through materials opaque to light

9. Duration: 60 min DPT Medical Physics Lecture 06
X-Rays
 X-rays are one of the main diagnostically tools in medicine
since its discovery by Wilhelm Roentgen in 1895.
 X-rays are produced when high energetic electrons interact
with matter.
 The X-ray tube provides an environment for X-ray
production via bremsstrahlung and characteristic radiation
mechanisms.

10. Duration: 60 min DPT Medical Physics Lecture 06
X-Ray
The classical X-ray tube requires:
 Electron source
 Electron acceleration potential
 Target for X-ray production
 The intensity of the electron beam
determines the intensity of the X-ray
radiation..

11. Duration: 60 min DPT Medical Physics Lecture 06
Components of the modern X-ray tube
 Cathode (electron source)
 Anode (acceleration potential)
 Rotor/stator (target device)
 Glass/metal envelope (vacuum tube)

12. Duration: 60 min DPT Medical Physics Lecture 06
Uses
There are many uses of x-rays In medical field
 Radiation therapy
 Broken bones
 Infections (such as pneumonia)
 Calcification (like kidney stones or vascular calcification)
 some tumours
 Arthritis in joints
 Dental issues
 Heart problems (such as congestive heart failure)
 Blood vessel blockage
 Bone loss (such as osteoporosis)
 Digestive problems
 Foreign objects (such as items swallowed by children)

13. Duration: 60 min DPT Medical Physics Lecture 06
INTRODUCTION
The term laser is an acronym for "light amplification by
stimulated emission of radiation." Laser treatment is a
non-invasive method to help reduce acute and chronic
pain. The light in laser is
 monochromatic
 Coherent
 Polarized
Albert Einstein first describe the mechanism of laser.
Endre Master is father of Laser Light
LASER LIGHT THERAPY

14. Duration: 60 min DPT Medical Physics Lecture 06
Types of laser (medium based)
 Lasers are classified into 4 types based on the type of laser
medium used
 Solid laser (glass and crystalline laser)
 Liquid laser (dye laser)
 Gas laser (Helium, Neon, Argon)
 Semiconductor laser (diode laser)

15. Duration: 60 min DPT Medical Physics Lecture 06
ADVANTAGES OF LASER THERAPY
 Reduce pain
 Reduce inflammation
 Acceleration of leukocytes activity
 Recover from nerve injury
 Increase bone and cartilage formation

16. Duration: 60 min DPT Medical Physics Lecture 06
Disadvantages of Laser therapy
 Expensive
 Harmful for pregnant women
 Damage eye if applied directly
 Can cause skin rashes
 Can not produce effect on first time

17. Duration: 60 min DPT Medical Physics Lecture 06
Laser Therapy in Physiotherapy
Laser therapy can be used on patients with
 Ankle sprain (use high intensity laser)
 Chronic low back pain
 Frozen shoulder

18. Duration: 60 min DPT Medical Physics Lecture 06
End of Lecture 06
For any kind of queries and questions you are advised to
write at
taimoor.muzaffar@superior.edu.pk
Or visit my office during consulting hours
This lectures can also be downloaded from
https://www.slideshare.net/Taimoor_Gondal