The document outlines a 60-minute lecture on the applications of electromagnetic (EM) waves in medical physics, highlighting concepts such as wave types, characteristics, and the use of x-rays and laser technology in medical diagnostics and treatment. It details the components and functions of x-ray machines, their medical applications, and the basics of laser therapy, including its advantages and disadvantages. The instructor encourages questions via email and provides a link for downloadable lecture content.

1. Duration: 60 min DPT Medical Physics Lecture 06
Applications of
EM Waves
Instructor:
Engr. Taimoor Muzaffar Gondal
taimoor.muzaffar@superior.edu.pk
Lecture 06

2. Duration: 60 min DPT Medical Physics Lecture 06
What are Waves?
Rhythmic disturbances that carry energy without carrying matter
Waves
Mechanical Waves
Transverse Waves
Longitudinal
WavesElectromagnetic
Waves

3. Duration: 60 min DPT Medical Physics Lecture 06
Mechanical Waves
Waves that require a material medium
Examples include ocean waves; ripples in water; seismic waves; sound, and waves
along a spring or rope; wave of people at a sporting event
These materials carry the energy of the wave

4. Duration: 60 min DPT Medical Physics Lecture 06
Wave:
 Crest
 Trough
 Wavelength

5. Duration: 60 min DPT Medical Physics Lecture 06
Frequency, Time Period

6. Duration: 60 min DPT Medical Physics Lecture 06
 Waves that DO NOT NEED matter
(medium) to transfer energy
 Examples: radiation, TV & radio waves,
X-rays, microwaves, lasers, energy from
the sun, visible light
 Electromagnetic waves are considered transverse waves because they have
similar characteristics; therefore, they have the same parts.
Electromagnetic Waves

7. Duration: 60 min DPT Medical Physics Lecture 06
Spectrum of EM Waves

8. Duration: 60 min DPT Medical Physics Lecture 06
X-Rays
 Electromagnetic radiations
 High energy
 Short wavelength
 Able to pass through materials opaque to light

9. Duration: 60 min DPT Medical Physics Lecture 06
X-Rays
 X-rays are one of the main diagnostically tools in medicine
since its discovery by Wilhelm Roentgen in 1895.
 X-rays are produced when high energetic electrons interact
with matter.
 The X-ray tube provides an environment for X-ray
production via bremsstrahlung and characteristic radiation
mechanisms.

10. Duration: 60 min DPT Medical Physics Lecture 06
X-Ray
The classical X-ray tube requires:
 Electron source
 Electron acceleration potential
 Target for X-ray production
 The intensity of the electron beam
determines the intensity of the X-ray
radiation..

11. Duration: 60 min DPT Medical Physics Lecture 06
Components of the modern X-ray tube
 Cathode (electron source)
 Anode (acceleration potential)
 Rotor/stator (target device)
 Glass/metal envelope (vacuum tube)

12. Duration: 60 min DPT Medical Physics Lecture 06
Uses
There are many uses of x-rays In medical field
 Radiation therapy
 Broken bones
 Infections (such as pneumonia)
 Calcification (like kidney stones or vascular calcification)
 some tumours
 Arthritis in joints
 Dental issues
 Heart problems (such as congestive heart failure)
 Blood vessel blockage
 Bone loss (such as osteoporosis)
 Digestive problems
 Foreign objects (such as items swallowed by children)

13. Duration: 60 min DPT Medical Physics Lecture 06
INTRODUCTION
The term laser is an acronym for "light amplification by
stimulated emission of radiation." Laser treatment is a
non-invasive method to help reduce acute and chronic
pain. The light in laser is
 monochromatic
 Coherent
 Polarized
Albert Einstein first describe the mechanism of laser.
Endre Master is father of Laser Light
LASER LIGHT THERAPY

14. Duration: 60 min DPT Medical Physics Lecture 06
Types of laser (medium based)
 Lasers are classified into 4 types based on the type of laser
medium used
 Solid laser (glass and crystalline laser)
 Liquid laser (dye laser)
 Gas laser (Helium, Neon, Argon)
 Semiconductor laser (diode laser)

15. Duration: 60 min DPT Medical Physics Lecture 06
ADVANTAGES OF LASER THERAPY
 Reduce pain
 Reduce inflammation
 Acceleration of leukocytes activity
 Recover from nerve injury
 Increase bone and cartilage formation

16. Duration: 60 min DPT Medical Physics Lecture 06
Disadvantages of Laser therapy
 Expensive
 Harmful for pregnant women
 Damage eye if applied directly
 Can cause skin rashes
 Can not produce effect on first time

17. Duration: 60 min DPT Medical Physics Lecture 06
Laser Therapy in Physiotherapy
Laser therapy can be used on patients with
 Ankle sprain (use high intensity laser)
 Chronic low back pain
 Frozen shoulder

18. Duration: 60 min DPT Medical Physics Lecture 06
End of Lecture 06
For any kind of queries and questions you are advised to
write at
taimoor.muzaffar@superior.edu.pk
Or visit my office during consulting hours
This lectures can also be downloaded from
https://www.slideshare.net/Taimoor_Gondal