This project aims of developing an apparatus which will provide pure drinking water without the need of electric current and expensive filtration apparatus. Solar energy is the energy used in this apparatus. The effectiveness of solar collection is increased by the integration of Fresnel lens. Unconventional desalination systems are costlier and require high maintenance cost. So this situation forced society to depend on conventional technologies. Thus we have built a system to answer the demands of the society. The main aim is to develop an apparatus to provide drinking water for the society with increased feasibility and also at reduced cost with zero carbon emissions.

1. V.V.P. ENGINEERING COLLEGE
RAJKOT
A
Presentation
On the
Topic
PRODUCTION OF POTABLE WATER FROM
SEA WATER BY SOLAR ENERGY
Prepared By
• RUWAIF BHATHARA
(160470105005)
• KULDEEP GADHIA
(160470105015)
• DHAVAL KAMARIYA
(160470105031)
• SAQLAIN BAHARUNI
(170473105002)
• MEET KAVA
(170473105004)
Guided By
Prof. PRATIK KORADIYA

2.  CONTINUOUSLY DECREASING OF
DRINKING WATER ON EARTH…..

3. ABSTRACT
 This project aims of developing an apparatus which will provide pure
drinking water without the need of electric current and expensive
filtration apparatus. Solar energy is the energy used in this
apparatus. The effectiveness of solar collection is increased by the
integration of Fresnel lens. Unconventional desalination systems are
costlier and require high maintenance cost. So this situation forced
society to depend on conventional technologies. Thus we have built
a system to answer the demands of the society. The main aim is to
develop an apparatus to provide drinking water for the society with
increased feasibility and also at reduced cost with zero carbon
emissions.

4. INTRODUCTION
 Solar energy is the energy that is produced by the sun in the
form of heat and light. All animals directly or indirectly
depend upon plants for their survival. Thus solar energy forms
the basis of the ecosystem as the plants synthesizes the solar
energy. Solar energy is widely collected and used by various
technologies. Using solar energy to convert saline water into
drinking water is called as solar desalination. There are both
conventional and renewable technologies available for water
desalination. Conventional technologies use fossil fuels as
their energy source. They emit gases which affect both the
environment and ecosystem. In order to tackle this problem
many desalination technologies based on renewable energy
are widely used in recent times.

5. Keywords….
Solar energy
Fresnel lens
Solar collector
Solar heater
Battery

6. OBJECTIVE
• To eliminate the usage of expensive filtration units and
eliminate the consumption of electrical energy.
• To provide a system with less maintenance and a long
life time.
• To provide a feasible solution to the drinking water
crisis in the world.
• To achieve zero carbon emission during testing and
procedure

7. SOLUTIONS….
• The basic principles of solar energy for water purifying is simple yet
effective. The sun’s energy heats water to the point of evaporation.
As the water evaporates, water vapor rises, condensing on the glass
surface for collection. This process removes impurities such as salt
and heavy metals as well as eliminates microbiological organism. The
end result is water cleaner then the purest rainwater. The apparatus
only needs sunshine to operate. There are no moving parts to wear
out.
• This apparatus can be used to effectively remove many impurities
ranging from salt to microorganisms and are even used to make
drinking water from seawater.

8. The first “conventional” solar distillation plant was built in 1872 by
the Swedish engineer Charles Wilson in the mining community of Las
Salinas in what is now northern Chile. This was a large basin-type still used
for supplying fresh water using brackish feedwater to a nitrate mining
community. The plant used wooden bays which had blackened bottoms using
logwood dye and alum. The total area of the distillation plant was 470 sqms.
On a typical summer day this plant produce 4.9 kg of distilled water
per square meter of still surface, or more than 23000 litters per day. This first
plant was in operation for 40 years.
LITERATURE SURVEY:

9. • Still operation:
A solar still operates on the same principle as sea water. The
water from the oceans evaporates, only to cool, condenses and
return to the earths as rain. When the water evaporates, it
removes, it removes only pure water and leaves all containments
behind. Solar still mimic this natural process.
A solaquam single basins solar still has a top cover made of glass, with an
interior surface made of a waterproof, sludge will build up if the still is properly
operated and flushed daily.

10. • Still water production and capabilities:
Solar still production is a function of solar energy and ambient
temperature. A solaqua solar still produces about 0.8 litters of
purified water per sun hour ( 1 kWh). Thus, production rates in the
southwest to cover 6 litters per day during the summer.
• Capabilities:
Solar still have proven to be highly effective in cleaning up water supplies to
provide safe drinking water. solar distillation removes all salts as well as biological
containments. There are many studies in the literature, such as testes conducted on
solar stills at new Mexico state university, that clearly verify solar stills effectiveness in
eliminating microbial contamination and salts…..
( Ref. SolAqua plant info.)

11. Research Gap:
• Previous studies focused on
how to maximize the solar
energy absorption
• Recent technologies have
worked on changing their
equipment face to with the
degrees of sun.
• We have shifted the attention to a
more efficient management of the
absorbed solar thermal energy.
• While our project is totally based on
modern design. Which doesn’t requires
changing of position of lens.

12. • While conventional 'active' desalination technologies need costly
mechanical or electrical components (such as pumps and/or control
systems) and require specialized technicians for installation and
maintenance, this spontaneous processes occurring without the aid of
ancillary machinery and can, therefore, be referred to as 'passive'
technology. All this makes the device inherently inexpensive and
simple to install and repair. The latter features are particularly
attractive in coastal regions that are suffering from a chronic shortage
of drinking water and are not yet reached by centralized
infrastructures and investments.
• The technology is particularly suitable for providing safe and low-cost
drinking water in emergency conditions, for example in areas hit by floods or
tsunamis and left isolated for days or weeks from electricity grid and
aqueduct.

13. Fig. Pencil diagram of apparatus use in this process.
MODEL CONTAINS:
-FRESNEL LENS
-SOLAR PANEL
-SOLAR HEATER
-BATTERY

14.  Model contains….
• Fresnel's Lens Concentrator
Light concentration can also be used using lenses. Typically
Fresnel's are used for this purpose. The Fresnel's Lenses are made of
several prisms arranged either linearly or in concentric circles. These
lenses are thinner and light in weight in weight as compared to the
conventional convex lenses. Advantage of Fresnel's Lens is that they
have large aperture area and short focal length. This make the lenses
suitable to be use for high concentration application. These lenses are
light in weight and generally made from a polymer material. They can
be cut into various shapes and size to suit the user needs.
• Solar Panel
While operating this apparatus during night time we have added a solar panel.
Which is connected with battery. During the day time the lenses will work and
the battery will get charge through solar energy. And during night time using heater
the water will get boiled and the process will continue.

15. • Motivated by this problem,
a new prototype to desalinate seawater in a sustainable and low-
cost way, using solar energy more efficiently. Compared to
previous solutions, the developed technology is in fact able to
double the amount of water produced at given solar energy, and
it may be subject to further efficiency improvement in the near
future.
• The working principle of the proposed technology is very simple: "Inspired by
plants, which transport water from roots to leaves by capillarity and
transpiration, our floating device is able to collect seawater using a low-cost
porous material, thus avoiding the use of expensive and cumbersome pumps.
The collected seawater is then heated up by solar energy, which sustains the
separation of salt from the evaporating water. This process can be facilitated
by membranes inserted between contaminated and drinking water to avoid
their mixing, similarly to some plants able to survive in marine environments
(for example the mangroves).

16. System description :
Water heating tank and water dehumidification tank were constructed and were
connected in the present Fresnel lens concentrated solar water cum distillation
unit (FLCSWHD), having 70 lit water heating capacity as shown in Plate1. The solar
energy concentrated by Fresnel lens was absorbed by the plate which was placed
in water heating tank. Surrounding water contained in water heating tank was
heated by this absorber plate’s heat through conduction. Water of both tanks was
heated by natural convection.
METHODOLOGY for performance evaluation of
Fresnel lens concentrated solar water heater

17. The dehumidification tank was covered by glass and it was
inclined towards distillation collecting trough. It was divided
into two chambers to hold hot water and to collect
condensed water. In water dehumidification tank a copper
tube was provided. This copper tube carried inlet water for
solar water heater. Hence, copper tubes surface area was
cooler and it helped in condensation of incoming water
vapours.
The condensation also took place on the surface of inclined glass cover. This
condensation slides down the slope and was collected in distilled water collecting
trough. One pipe outlet provided at upper portion of water heating tank to get hot
water and another pipe outlet provided at bottom of dehumidification tank to get
distilled water as shown in Plate A.

18. Performance calculations :
Efficiency of the integrated solar water heater is defined as a ratio
of amount of heat stored in the tank till evening to the total solar
input received by the collector for the same period of time i.e.
where,
(T2 – T1) –Temp. difference (morning to the actual
time)
m= mass flow rate
Cp= of water
Q= heat gained
Efficiency of solar distillation unit (η) :
η=Qe/I
where,
Qe =Me x f
where,
Me is daily output of distill water in kg/ m2-day
f is latent heat of vaporization of
water in W/kg
Heat gained by the water per minute
Q= m*Cp*(T2-T1)
Variation in sun direction:
In 24 hrs = 360
In 1 minute= 0.25

19. Table: Solar radiation data for Ahmedabad.

20. FUTURE WORK:
• Our future work will be to fabricate the equipment at its best,
keeping in mind the economical parameters.
• We will also compare the concentration of water before and
after treatment.
• As we are dealing with the thermal impurities here we will add
scrapper to completely remove them.
• And final improvement depends on Fresnel Lens weight, size
of mechanism that all are calculating otherwise it can’t work
properly.

21. Research Paper References:
• C.S. Chin, Model-Based Simulation of an Intelligent Microprocessor Based Standalone
Solar Tracking System," MATLAB - A Fundamental Tool for Scientific Computing and
Engineering applications - Volume 3", ISBN 978-953- 51-0752-1, Published: September
26, 2012.
• K.S. Madhu, B.R. Wadekar, Finavivya Chiragkumar. V, Gagan. T.M, Intelligent Two Axis Solar
Tracking System with Mechanical Application, International Journal of Scientific & Engineering
Research Volume 3, Issue 9,September-2012 1 ISSN 2229-5518.
• Basil M. Hamed, Mohammed S. El-Moghany, Fuzzy Controller Design using FPGA for Sun Tracking in
Solar Array System, I.J. Intelligent Systems and Applications,2012, 1, 46-52 Published Online
February 2012 in MECS (http://www.mecs-press.org/).
• Mohsin Manzoor, Mohsin Khalil Qureshi, A. Waheed, Adarsh Bordia, Amitesh Paul, G.R. Selokar and
Ashish Khare VSRDIJMCAPE, Vol. III (VIII), August 2013 / 288 Design & Development of Low Cost
Solar Tracker Using Microcontroller, NUST Journal of Engineering Sciences,Vol.3, No.1 , Dec 2010

22. Referred Reaches Papers
• DESIGN AND OPTIMIZATION OF SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM BY USING
FRESNEL LENS WITH 2-AXIS TRACKING.1) Patil Divyesh Sakharam, 2)Patil Nilesh
Ramesh, 3)Patil Bhushan Tukaram and 4)Patil Satish Ramesh.
• SOLAR DISTILLATION OF WATER. Author: McCluney ,W.R. Publication no.: FSEC-
EN-3-80. PRINCIPAL RESEARCH SCIENTIST FLORIDA SOLAR ENERGY INDUSTRY.

23. THANK
YOU