Smart Material in Construction Field

2. Unit-1:Smart Material
By
Dr. Vrushali V. Sasane
B.E. (Civil), M.E. (Env Engg.)
Ph. D. (Civil Engg.)
Assistant Professor

3. Smart Material
• Smart material are material that have one or more properties that can be significantly
changed in a controlled fashion by external stimuli, such as stress, temperature,
moisture, pH electric and magnetic field. OR
• Smart material are the materials which have the capability to respond to changes in
their condition or the environment to which they are exposed in a useful and usually
competitive manner. They are called by other names such as
– Intelligent material
– Active material
– Adaptive material

4. Piezoelectric
• The ability of a material to generate an
internal electric field when subjected to
mechanical stress or strain
• Applications
• Pavement energy harvesting
• Highway traffic
• Rain drop
• Floor tiles
• Beam structure
• Steel bridges
• Piezoceramic friction damper (PCFD)

5. Shape Memory Alloy
• Shape-memory alloys are metals that, even if
they become deformed at below a given
temperature, they will return to their original
shape before deformation simply by being
heated.
• Applications
• Bridge reinforcement
• Repair of Heritage structure
• Improving seismic performance of building

6. Magnetic Shape Memory
• Magnetic shape memory (MSM) refers to a change in shape and/or size of a
magnetic material upon applying a magnetic field.

7. pH Sensitive Polymer
• pH sensitive or pH responsive polymers are materials
which will respond to the changes in the pH of the
surrounding medium by varying their dimensions.
Materials may swell, collapse, or change depending on
the pH of their environment.
• Applications
• pH sensitive polymers have been used to modify the
surfaces of materials. For example, they can be used to
change the wettability of a surface

8. Temperature Responsive Polymer
• Thermo-responsive polymers display
a critical temperature (CT) in
dissolution, which corresponds to a
reversible behavior from hydrophilic
to hydrophobic. These polymers are
characterized by a coil-to-globule
transition

9. Halochromic
• A halochromic material or pH
indicator is a material which
changes colour when pH changes
occur. The term 'chromic' is defined
for materials that can change colour
reversibly with the presence of an
external factor. In this case, the
factor is pH. The pH indicators have
this property.

10. Chromogenic System
• Material that changes colour in
response to electrical, optical, thermal
changes. E.g. LCD

11. Non-Newtanion Fluid
• A non-Newtonian fluid is a fluid that does not follow Newton's law of viscosity, that
is, it has variable viscosity dependent on stress. In non-Newtonian fluids, viscosity
can change when under force to either more liquid or more solid.
• Soap solutions, cosmetics, and toothpaste.
• Food such as butter, cheese, jam, mayonnaise, soup, taffy, and yogurt.
• Natural substances such as magma, lava, gums, honey, and extracts such as vanilla
extract.
• Biological fluids such as blood, saliva, semen, mucus, and synovial fluid.

12. Applications
• SM are used in aircraft and spacecraft to control vibration and excessive
deflection.
• Smart concrete (composite of carbon fiber and concerte) is applicable of sensing
structural cracks or flaws
• SM have applications in design of smart bldg. and state of the art vehicle. It is
used for vibration control, noise mitigation, safety and performance.
• SM tag can be used in composite structure . These tag can be monitored
externally through out the life of structure to relate the internal material
condition. Such measurement as stress, moisture, void, cracks and discontunities
may be interpreted via a remote sensor.