The document outlines the concept of smart grids, which are digitally enabled electrical grids that enhance connectivity, automation, and coordination. Key components include demand management, distributed electricity generation, and advanced software and communication systems, which facilitate real-time monitoring and control of the electrical grid. It also discusses the benefits of smart grids, such as enabling consumer participation and improving energy efficiency, while highlighting the challenges in infrastructure and regulatory policies that need addressing for successful implementation.

1. TOPIC:
Smart Grid
SELF STUDY COURSE-1
(An Autonomous institute)

2. ABSTRACT
• A smart grid is a digitally enabled electrical
grid.
• It gathers, distributes, and acts on information
about the behavior of all participants.
• An electrical grid is not a single entity.
• Smart grids increase the connectivity,
automation and coordination
• Perform either long distance transmission or
local distribution tasks.

3. SMART GRID
• The future Grid will be a
combination of hardware,
management and reporting
software.
• The flow of electricity from
utility to consumer becomes a
two-way conversation.
• A new, more intelligent
electric system, or “Smart
Grid,” is required.
• A Smart Grid provides utility
companies with near-real-
time information

4. COMPONENTS OF A SMART GRID
A Smart Grid comprises three major components:
1) Demand management
2) Distributed electricity generation
3) Transmission and Distribution grid management.
4) Advanced software& hardware, advanced
materials
5) Communication systems

5. 1) Demand management:
Demand management
works to reduce
electricity consumption
in homes, offices, and
factories.
1)Demand response
2) Smart meters and
Dynamic pricing

6. 2) Distributed electricity generation:
Distributed generation is
the use of small-scale
power generation
technologies.
1) Renewable energy using
micro generation
devices.
Fig: Renewable energy using micro generation
devices

7. 3) Transmission and Distribution grid management:
Utility companies are turning to IT solutions to
monitor and control the electrical grid in real
time.
1) Grid monitoring and control
2) Grid security and surveillance

8. 4) Advanced software& hardware, advanced materials:
1) Smart buildings with
smart appliances
2) Energy dashboards
and controllers
• Superconducting
power cables
• Advanced sensors

9. 5) Communication systems:
• Intelligent Network Agent gathers data, makes
decision about local switching of control
functions
• Communicates with control centers Integrated
Enterprise Software will have Custom-built
applications
• Energy Management System processes Load
analysis and forecasting.
• Wireless Mesh Networking for the Smart Grid

10. SMART GRID BENEFITS
A Smart Grid will:
• Enable consumers to manage their own energy consumption
through dashboards and electronic energy advisories.
• Broadcast demand-response alerts to lower peak energy
demand
• A Smart Grid will encourage home and building owners
• Ex: The introduction of PHEVs to act as temporary
electricity storage devices,
• Utility companies can implement smart electric meters
• Underground transmission and distribution lines can control
the meter theft

11. Benefits
Remedial ways:
• Increase distributed solar and wind power generation
• Use demand management
• Monitor and control the energy grid in near-real time
Examples:
• Rooftop solar panels need to notify backup power
generators
• Utility companies need to communicate with and
control appliances
• Factory operators must know the cost of electric power
every few minutes

12. CHARACTERISTICS OF SMART GRID
• Intelligent – capable of sensing system overloads and rerouting power
• Efficient – capable of meeting increased consumer demand without adding
infrastructure
• Accommodating – accepting energy from virtually any fuel source
including Solar and wind as easily and transparently as coal and natural gas
• Motivating – enabling real-time communication between the consumer and
utility
• Opportunistic – creating new opportunities and markets
• Quality-focused – capable of delivering the power quality necessary
• Resilient – increasingly resistant to attack and natural disasters
• “Green” – slowing the advance of global climate change and offering a
genuine path toward significant environmental improvement

13. Characteristic Today’s Grid Smart Grid
Enables active participation
by consumers
Consumers are uninformed
and
non-participative with power
system
Informed, involved, and
active
consumers - demand response
and
Distributed energy resources.
Accommodates all generation
and storage options
Dominated by central
generation- many
obstacles exist for distributed
energy
resources interconnection
Many distributed energy
resources
with plug-and-play
convenience focus
on renewables
Enables new products, services
and markets
Limited wholesale markets,
not well
integrated - limited
opportunities for
consumers
Mature, well-integrated
wholesale
markets, growth of new
electricity
markets for consumers
Provides power quality for the
digital economy
Focus on outages - slow
response to power
quality issues
Power quality is a priority
with a variety
of quality/price options -
rapid resolution
of issues

14. Characteristic Today’s Grid Smart Grid
Optimizes assets & operates
efficiently
Little integration of
operational data with
asset management - business
process silos
Greatly expanded data
acquisition of
grid parameters - focus on
prevention,
minimizing impact to
consumers
Anticipates and responds to
system
disturbances (self-heals)
Responds to prevent further
damage- focus
is on protecting assets
following fault
Automatically detects and
responds
to problems - focus on
prevention,
minimizing impact to
consumer
Operates resiliently against
attack
and natural disaster
Vulnerable to malicious acts of
terror and
natural disasters
Resilient to attack and
natural disasters
with rapid restoration
capabilities

15. CHALLENGES FACING BY SMART GRID
• Present Infrastructure is inadequate and requires
augmentation
• Most renewable resources are intermittent
• Regulatory Policies to deal with consequences of
Smart Grid; like off peak, peak tariffs and other
related matters.
• Grid Operation : Monitoring & control

16. CONCLUSION
• To make the Smart Grid a Reality, there is a growing consensus in
governments, regulators, utility companies, and businesses.
• Rising fuel costs, underinvestment in an infrastructure, and climate
change are all converging.
• The core technology and communications standards required to
develop the Smart Grid are currently being developed.
• To accelerate development, state, county, and local governments,
electric utility companies, public electricity regulators, and IT
companies must all come together and work toward a common
goal.
• Prepare for an electric system that is Cleaner and more efficient,
reliable and responsive –A smarter grid.

17. THANKYOU