Smart Grid: Definition
• Need of smart grid
• Smart grid functions
• How Smart Grid Works
• Smart Grid: Benefits
• Smart grid components and its Benefits
• Issues and Challenges
• Opportunities in future
• Smart Grid Projects in India and Gujarat
• Question-Answer
• References
This slide presents an introduction to microgrid. This is the second class for the subject 'Distribution Generation and Smart Grid'. Class wise I will provide all the discussions and analysis.
The presented lectures are related to the Distribution generation and smart grid. Further,suggestions are highly welcomed for the modifications of the lecture.
This slide presents an introduction to microgrid. This is the second class for the subject 'Distribution Generation and Smart Grid'. Class wise I will provide all the discussions and analysis.
The presented lectures are related to the Distribution generation and smart grid. Further,suggestions are highly welcomed for the modifications of the lecture.
seminar on SMART GRID is the best seminar of my branch
technology based on smart to integration of information technology on traditional power system
It may be best to understood Smart Grid as the overlaying of a unified communications and control system on the existing power delivery infrastructure to provide the right information to the right entity (e.g. end-use devices, transmission and distribution, system controls, customers, etc.) at the right time to take the right action. It is a system that optimizes power supply and delivery, minimizes losses, is self-healing, and enables next-generation energy efficiency and demand response applications.
To have connections between suppliers, distributors and consumers.
In definition, Smart Grid is a form of electricity network utilizing digital technology.
Its delivers electricity from suppliers to consumers using two-way digital communications to control appliances at consumers' homes; which in deed will saving the energy, reduce costs and increase reliability.
A key feature of the smart grid is automation technology that lets the utility adjust and control each individual device or millions of devices from a central location.
A Smart Grid must functions as followings
1. Be able to heal itself
Smart Grid is designed with a control system that self-analyzes its performance using intelligent autonomous reinforcement learning controllers that are able to learn new strategies and successfully implementing such strategies to govern the behavior of the grid in the face of an ever changing environment such as equipment failures.
2. Motivate consumers to actively participate in operations of the grid
If consumers have freedom to control own usage of energy, they will be motivated to participate and be part of the system. They can monitor their usage and manipulate by the assistance of “smart appliances” and “intelligent equipment” in homes or businesses. Advanced communications capabilities equip customers with tools to exploit real-time electricity pricing, incentive-based load reduction signals, or emergency load reduction signals.
3. Resist attack
Most important issues of resist attack is the smart monitoring of power grids, which is the basis of control and management of smart grids to avoid or mitigate the system-wide disruptions like blackouts.
4. Accommodate all energy generation and storage options
Smart Grid integrates two power generation source; traditional power generation likes fossil fuel powered power plant with renewable power generations either generates from residential, commercial, and industrial customers that will improves reliability and power quality, reduces electricity costs, and offers more customer choice.
5. High quality power
Outages and power quality issues is common for any country especially for major industrial-based countries. Smart Grid provides more stable power provided that will reduce downtime and prevent such high losses because of
In microgrid, if fault occurs or any other contingency happens, then the problems would be created which are related to power flow, also there are various protection schemes are used for minimize or eliminate these problems.
Voltage control is used for reactive power balance and P-f control is used for active power control.
Various protection schemes such as, over current protection, differential protection scheme, zoning of network in adaptive protection scheme are used in microgrid system .
*ELECTRIC POWER AND POWER TRANSMISSION.
*PRESENT ONE-WAY ELECTRIC TRANSMISSION SYSTEM.
*A WAY TO DO MORE WITH LESS .
*MODERN UPDATED AND SMART TRANSMISSION SYSTEM.
Role of storage in smart grid
Different types of storage technologies
USE OF BATTERIES IN GRID
TYPES OF BATTERIES
SMES {SUPERCONDUCTING MAGNETIC ENERGY STORAGE}
Communication, Measurement and Monitoring Technologies for Smart Grid
Real time pricing
Smart Meters
CLOUD Computing
cyber security for smart grid
Phasor Measurement Units (PMU)
MicroGrid and Energy Storage System COMPLETE DETAILS NEW PPT Abin Baby
A microgrid is a localized grouping of electricity generation, energy storage, and loads that normally operates connected to a traditional centralized grid (macrogrid). This single point of common coupling with the macrogrid can be disconnected. The microgrid can then function autonomously. Generation and loads in a microgrid are usually interconnected at low voltage. From the point of view of the grid operator, a connected microgrid can be controlled as if it were one entity.
Microgrid generation resources can include fuel cells, wind, solar, or other energy sources. The multiple dispersed generation sources and ability to isolate the microgrid from a larger network would provide highly reliable electric power. Produced heat from generation sources such as micro turbines could be used for local process heating or space heating, allowing flexible trade off between the needs for heat and electric power.
smart grid is not a single concept but rather a combination of technologies and methods intended to modernize the existing grid in order to improve flexibility, availability, energy efficiency, and costs
Smart Grid Technology for Intelligent Power UseIJARIIT
The existing Power Grids is antiquated, congested and inefficient in many ways and it does not take full advantage
of new automation technologies that for example can prevent an outage or restore power much faster after an outage. It does
not take advantage of new materials which can make the equipment throughout the grid more efficient. It was not designed for
integrating large amounts of renewable energy generation into the grid which is necessary in order to reduce greenhouse gas
emissions and prevent climatic changes. This paper proposes a method for better implementation of smart grids that integrates
technologies of advanced sensing, control methodologies and communication capabilities into the current power grids at both
the transmission level and distribution levels.
seminar on SMART GRID is the best seminar of my branch
technology based on smart to integration of information technology on traditional power system
It may be best to understood Smart Grid as the overlaying of a unified communications and control system on the existing power delivery infrastructure to provide the right information to the right entity (e.g. end-use devices, transmission and distribution, system controls, customers, etc.) at the right time to take the right action. It is a system that optimizes power supply and delivery, minimizes losses, is self-healing, and enables next-generation energy efficiency and demand response applications.
To have connections between suppliers, distributors and consumers.
In definition, Smart Grid is a form of electricity network utilizing digital technology.
Its delivers electricity from suppliers to consumers using two-way digital communications to control appliances at consumers' homes; which in deed will saving the energy, reduce costs and increase reliability.
A key feature of the smart grid is automation technology that lets the utility adjust and control each individual device or millions of devices from a central location.
A Smart Grid must functions as followings
1. Be able to heal itself
Smart Grid is designed with a control system that self-analyzes its performance using intelligent autonomous reinforcement learning controllers that are able to learn new strategies and successfully implementing such strategies to govern the behavior of the grid in the face of an ever changing environment such as equipment failures.
2. Motivate consumers to actively participate in operations of the grid
If consumers have freedom to control own usage of energy, they will be motivated to participate and be part of the system. They can monitor their usage and manipulate by the assistance of “smart appliances” and “intelligent equipment” in homes or businesses. Advanced communications capabilities equip customers with tools to exploit real-time electricity pricing, incentive-based load reduction signals, or emergency load reduction signals.
3. Resist attack
Most important issues of resist attack is the smart monitoring of power grids, which is the basis of control and management of smart grids to avoid or mitigate the system-wide disruptions like blackouts.
4. Accommodate all energy generation and storage options
Smart Grid integrates two power generation source; traditional power generation likes fossil fuel powered power plant with renewable power generations either generates from residential, commercial, and industrial customers that will improves reliability and power quality, reduces electricity costs, and offers more customer choice.
5. High quality power
Outages and power quality issues is common for any country especially for major industrial-based countries. Smart Grid provides more stable power provided that will reduce downtime and prevent such high losses because of
In microgrid, if fault occurs or any other contingency happens, then the problems would be created which are related to power flow, also there are various protection schemes are used for minimize or eliminate these problems.
Voltage control is used for reactive power balance and P-f control is used for active power control.
Various protection schemes such as, over current protection, differential protection scheme, zoning of network in adaptive protection scheme are used in microgrid system .
*ELECTRIC POWER AND POWER TRANSMISSION.
*PRESENT ONE-WAY ELECTRIC TRANSMISSION SYSTEM.
*A WAY TO DO MORE WITH LESS .
*MODERN UPDATED AND SMART TRANSMISSION SYSTEM.
Role of storage in smart grid
Different types of storage technologies
USE OF BATTERIES IN GRID
TYPES OF BATTERIES
SMES {SUPERCONDUCTING MAGNETIC ENERGY STORAGE}
Communication, Measurement and Monitoring Technologies for Smart Grid
Real time pricing
Smart Meters
CLOUD Computing
cyber security for smart grid
Phasor Measurement Units (PMU)
MicroGrid and Energy Storage System COMPLETE DETAILS NEW PPT Abin Baby
A microgrid is a localized grouping of electricity generation, energy storage, and loads that normally operates connected to a traditional centralized grid (macrogrid). This single point of common coupling with the macrogrid can be disconnected. The microgrid can then function autonomously. Generation and loads in a microgrid are usually interconnected at low voltage. From the point of view of the grid operator, a connected microgrid can be controlled as if it were one entity.
Microgrid generation resources can include fuel cells, wind, solar, or other energy sources. The multiple dispersed generation sources and ability to isolate the microgrid from a larger network would provide highly reliable electric power. Produced heat from generation sources such as micro turbines could be used for local process heating or space heating, allowing flexible trade off between the needs for heat and electric power.
smart grid is not a single concept but rather a combination of technologies and methods intended to modernize the existing grid in order to improve flexibility, availability, energy efficiency, and costs
Smart Grid Technology for Intelligent Power UseIJARIIT
The existing Power Grids is antiquated, congested and inefficient in many ways and it does not take full advantage
of new automation technologies that for example can prevent an outage or restore power much faster after an outage. It does
not take advantage of new materials which can make the equipment throughout the grid more efficient. It was not designed for
integrating large amounts of renewable energy generation into the grid which is necessary in order to reduce greenhouse gas
emissions and prevent climatic changes. This paper proposes a method for better implementation of smart grids that integrates
technologies of advanced sensing, control methodologies and communication capabilities into the current power grids at both
the transmission level and distribution levels.
this slide shows what is smart grid ,its comparison between the electromechanical grids . smart meters and devises for the smart grid . benefit of smart grid . and a conclution
Smart Grid Data Centers Distributed & ICTs Sustainability on Generation Energ...IJMTST Journal
Smart grid has modernized the way electricity is generated, transported, distributed, and consumed by integrating advanced sensing, communications, and control in the day-to-day operation of the grid. Electricity is a core utility for the functioning of society and for the services provided by information and communication technologies(ICTs). Several concepts of the smart grid, such as dynamic pricing, distributed generation, and demand management, have significantly impacted the operation of ICT services, in particular, communication networks and data centers. Ongoing energy-efficiency and operational expenditures reduction efforts in communication networks and data center shave gained another dimension with those smart grid concepts. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive survey on the smart grid-driven approaches in energy-efficient communications and data centers, and the interaction between smart grid and information and communication infrastructures. Although the studies on smart grid, energy-efficient communications, and green data centers have been separately surveyed in previous studies, to this end, research that falls in the intersection of those fields has not been properly classified and surveyed yet. We start our survey by providing background information on the smart grid and continue with surveying smart grid-driven approaches in energy-efficient communication systems, followed by energy, cost and emission minimizing approaches in datacenters, and the corresponding cloud network infrastructure. Through a communication infrastructure, a smart grid can improve power reliability and quality to eliminate electricity blackout.
A smart grid is an electrical grid which includes a variety of operation and energy measures including smart meters, smart appliances, renewable energy resources, and energy efficient resources
The global Smart Grid market is segregated on the basis of Service as Deployment and Integration, Support and Maintenance, and Consulting. Based on Software the global Smart Grid market is segmented in Substation Automation, Smart Grid Security, Billing and Customer Information System, Advanced Metering Infrastructure, Smart Grid Distribution Management, Smart Grid Network Management, and Grid Asset Management. Based on Hardware the global Smart Grid market is segmented in Smart Meter
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
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2. CONTENTS
• Smart Grid: Definition
• Need of smart grid
• Smart grid functions
• How Smart Grid Works
• Smart Grid: Benefits
• Smart grid components and its Benefits
• Issues and Challenges
• Opportunities in future
• Smart Grid Projects in India and Gujarat
• Question-Answer
• References
Friday, July 8, 2016
3. Smart Grid: Definition
A “smart grid” is a form of electricity network utilizing
digital technology.
It is an electric power delivery system from point of
generation to point of consumption integrated with
advanced communications and information technology.
A smart grid is also an intelligent automated system for
monitoring the flow of electricity and making the
distribution of electricity more efficient.
The Smart Grid performs various functions such that it
increases grid stability, reliability, efficiency and
ultimately reduces line losses.
Friday, July 8, 2016
6. Friday, July 8, 2016
Smart Grid implementation dramatically
increases the quantity, quality, connectivity,
automation and Coordination between the
suppliers, consumers and networks.
The grid works like the Internet and consist of
controls, computers, automation, and new
technologies and equipment working
together to respond digitally to meet quickly
changing electricity demands.
8. Friday, July 8, 2016
Need of Smart Grid
Presently, the Indian electricity system faces a
number of challenges such as:
Shortage of power
Power Theft
Poor access to electricity in rural areas
Huge losses in the grid
Inefficient power consumption
Poor reliability
To overcome these problems; smart grid is needed.
10. Friday, July 8, 2016
How Smart Grid Works?
The present electricity grid delivers electricity from points of
generation to consumers through two primary systems. The
transmission system brings electricity from power plants to
distribution substations, while the distribution system delivers
electricity from distribution substations to consumers.
In a Smart Grid; new large-scale, renewable-energy projects
connect to the grid.
On the distribution side, the smart grid would integrate new
digital technology into local electricity distribution networks that
would help manage the demand that appliances and other end-
use equipment place on the grid at key times of the day, improve
the efficiency of electricity distribution within local networks, and
provide better information about electricity use in homes,
businesses, and public institutions.
11. Friday, July 8, 2016
In general, working of smart grid technology can be
understood by grouping into following key areas:
Integrated Communications
Sensing and Measurement-Smart Meters,
Phase Measurement Units,
Advanced Components-Superconductivity
Advanced Control and Pricing Mechanism-
Real Time Pricing
Distributed Generation- Feed-in Tariff,
Renewable Energy Resources.
Energy Storage
Electric Vehicles
How Smart Grid Works?
12. Friday, July 8, 2016
The smart grid vision involves a uniformly integrated communication
system with the present power system.
Present communication systems have evolved over a period of time and
lack uniformity and thus interoperability. The communication system
shall be a two-way system where the load can be controlled remotely
from a control center and also read the real time power consumption of
the load. To enable this real time monitoring, advanced devices like
smart sensors, smart meters and phase measurement units will be
required to be integrated in the smart grid system. It would enable quick
fault detection and analysis of the system, thus increasing reliability.
The real time-monitoring and control will enable a market dependent
pricing mechanism and thus a deregulated market. Also, consumers
would be able to feed power back into the grid and earn according to
the feed-in tariff. All these will help in reducing the peak demand and
the country's dependence on fossil fuel energy. The next stage envisaged
is incorporation of advanced technologies like superconductivity in the
transmission network to increase the efficiency of the system.
How Smart Grid Works?
13. Friday, July 8, 2016
Smart Grid: Benefits
Consumer Benefits
Enterprise wide Web Portal support
Bill Payment
Complaint Registration & status
New Connection related services
SMS Gateway support
Bill Date/Amount/Payment Alert
Complain Registration status
Consumer application alert
Planned Outage information Alert to consumer
14. Friday, July 8, 2016
Smart Grid: Benefits
Utility Benefits
Distribution Transformer (DTR) wise data usages
Utilization factor –results in reduction of total KVA Demand
Current imbalance –Phase wise current balancing helped to
reduce DTR failure
Sub-Station data usages
Interruption alerts helped to reduce total outage duration
Feeder wise energy audit
HT Consumer data usages
Hourly data available
Monthly billing done on AMR data, no site visit required
Timely and fast billing
GIS
All consumer and assets are indexed
Network analysis for reduction of technical losses
15. Smart Grid: Benefits
According to the National Inst. of Standards and
Technology (NIST):
1. Improving Power Reliability and Quality
– Better monitoring using sensor networks and
communications
– Better and faster balancing of supply and demand
2. Minimizing the Need to Construct Back-up (Peak
Load) Power Plants
– Better demand side management
– The use of advanced metering infrastructures
Friday, July 8, 2016
16. 3. Enhancing the capacity and efficiency of existing
electric grid
– Better monitoring using sensor networks and
communications
– Consequently, better control and resource
management in real-time
4. Improving Resilience to Disruption and Being
Self-Healing
– Better monitoring using sensor networks and
communications
– Distributed grid management and control
Friday, July 8, 2016
Smart Grid: Benefits
17. 6. Automating maintenance and operation
– Better monitoring using sensor networks and
communications
– Distributed grid management and control
7. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions
– Supporting / encouraging the use of electric
vehicles
– Renewable power generation with low carbon
footprint
Friday, July 8, 2016
Smart Grid: Benefits
18. 8. Reducing oil consumption
– Supporting / encouraging the use of electric
vehicles
– Renewable power generation with low carbon
footprint
– Better demand side Management
9. Enabling transition to plug-in electric vehicles
– Can also provide new storage opportunities
Friday, July 8, 2016
Smart Grid: Benefits
19. Friday, July 8, 2016
Smart Grid: Components
Smart meter
Phasor Measurement
Information transfer
Distributed Generation
20. Friday, July 8, 2016
Smart Grid Components
Smart power meter: use for two-way communications between
consumers and power providers to automate billing data collection,
detect outages and dispatch repair crews to the correct location
faster.
Smart substations that include monitoring and control of critical and
non-critical operational data such as power factor performance,
breaker, transformer and battery status, security, etc.
Smart distribution that is self-healing, self-balancing and self-
optimizing including superconducting cables for long distance
transmission, and automated monitoring and analysis tools capable
of detecting or even predicting cable and failures based on real-time
data about weather, outage history, etc.
Smart generation capable of "learning" the unique behavior of
power generation resources to optimize energy production, and to
automatically maintain voltage, frequency and power factor
standards based on feedback from multiple points in the grid.
Universal access to affordable, low-carbon electrical power
generation (e.g., wind turbines, concentrating solar power systems,
photovoltaic panels) and storage (e.g., in batteries, flywheels or
super-capacitors or in plug-in hybrid electric vehicles).
21. Friday, July 8, 2016
Smart Grid Projects in India
According to
Central Power
Ministry, India
22. Friday, July 8, 2016
Smart Grid Projects In Gujarat
The UGVCL is set up smart grid in Naroda and
Deesa in North Gujarat by April-2014.
The Project covering 20,524 consumers in
Naroda and 18,898 consumers in Deesa-II
division.
The functionalities of Peak load management,
Outage Management, Power Quality
Management are proposed by implementing
Automated Metering Infrastructure (AMI) for
Industrial, Commercial and Residential
Consumers.
26. Friday, July 8, 2016
Opportunities in the future
Indian power system is facing high AT&C Losses, poor
distribution network, wide demand – supply gap of energy,
poor asset management etc. Smart grid technology will
bring solutions to all of the mentioned problems and
sustainability by way of demand side management,
demand response, outage management, reduction in AT&C
losses and improved customer satisfaction.
Large investment is expected for Smart Grid Applications in
distribution in 12th and 13th Plan, which will provide huge
business prospects in coming years.
27. Friday, July 8, 2016
POWERGRID is preparing/prepared report on
overall distribution system improvement through
smart grid technologies in Firozabad, Bidhuna,
Shikohabad, Katra, Jammu-Gandhinagar, Charar-i-
Sharief, Baghat, Gulmarg, Pahelgam, Chitradurga
etc. This would facilitate business opportunity to
the players in the field.
Opportunities in the future
29. Friday, July 8, 2016
Question-Answer
1. How smart smart gird is beneficial for India?
2. Which type of smart meter used in smart gird?
3. Is smart Grid is implemented in Gujarat?
30. Friday, July 8, 2016
References
• Engineering Cell, GETCO, Vadodara,
“Smart Grid in Transmission”
at http://getco.co.in/
• UGVCL Smart Grid projects-www.ugvcl.com
•IEEE Emerging Technology portal,
at: http://www.ieee.org/go/emergingtech
