1) The document describes improvements made to the sludge composting facility at Site 9N operated by the Holding Company for Water and Waste Water in Egypt.
2) It details the multi-step composting process used to treat 2000 m3/day of mechanically dewatered sludge onsite, reducing its volume by 50% and producing a safe, stable compost product.
3) Testing shows the final compost meets regulatory standards for heavy metals and pathogens while providing beneficial nutrients, and field trials demonstrate it improves crop yields when used as a soil amendment.
Waste management or waste disposal are all the activities and actions required to manage waste from its inception to its final disposal.[1] This includes amongst other things collection, transport, treatment and disposal of waste together with monitoring and regulation. It also encompasses the legal and regulatory framework that relates to waste management encompassing guidance on recycling.
Waste can take any form that is solid, liquid, or gas and each have different methods of disposal and management. Waste management normally deals with all types of waste whether it was created in forms that are industrial, biological, household, and special cases where it may pose a threat to human health.[2] It is produced due to human activity such as when factories extract and process raw materials.[3] Waste management is intended to reduce adverse effects of waste on health, the environment or aesthetics.
Waste management practices are not uniform among countries (developed and developing nations); regions (urban and rural areas), and sectors (residential and industrial).[4]
A large portion of waste management practices deal with municipal solid waste (MSW) which is waste that is created by household, industrial, and commercial activity.[5]
Waste management or waste disposal are all the activities and actions required to manage waste from its inception to its final disposal.[1] This includes amongst other things collection, transport, treatment and disposal of waste together with monitoring and regulation. It also encompasses the legal and regulatory framework that relates to waste management encompassing guidance on recycling.
Waste can take any form that is solid, liquid, or gas and each have different methods of disposal and management. Waste management normally deals with all types of waste whether it was created in forms that are industrial, biological, household, and special cases where it may pose a threat to human health.[2] It is produced due to human activity such as when factories extract and process raw materials.[3] Waste management is intended to reduce adverse effects of waste on health, the environment or aesthetics.
Waste management practices are not uniform among countries (developed and developing nations); regions (urban and rural areas), and sectors (residential and industrial).[4]
A large portion of waste management practices deal with municipal solid waste (MSW) which is waste that is created by household, industrial, and commercial activity.[5]
This presentation is made under the topic of Sludge Treatment process. What is sludge treatment? Process of treatment, Advantages of sludge treatment process and etc
Air Pollution control- at source-equipments for control of air pollution-For particulate matter-Settling chambers-Fabric filters-Scrubbers-Cyclones-Electrostatic precipitators
, For Gaseous pollutants-control by absorption-adsorption-scrubbers-secondary combustion after burners, Working principles advantages and disadvantages
Lecture notes of Industrial Waste Treatment (Elective -III) as per syllabus of Solapur university for BE Civil
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K ORchid College of Engg and Tech,
Solapur
Lecture notes of Environmental Engineering-II as per Solapur university syllabus of TE CIVIL.
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K Orchid college of Engg and Technology,
Solapur
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL course material by Prof S S JAHAGIRDAR,NKOCET,SOLAPUR for BE (CIVIL ) students of Solapur university. Content will be also useful for SHIVAJI and PUNE university students
Lecture notes of Environmental Engineering-II as per Solapur university syllabus of TE CIVIL.
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K Orchid college of Engg and Technology,
Solapur
Alexandria Effluent Reuse is a key of minimizing expected climatic changes impacts through: 1- Minimize sea water soil intrusion problem. 2- Preventing flooding problems and sea pollution from pumping the mixed lake maryout water and disposed wastewater from Qalaa drain, Noubaria Drain and West treatment plant outfall. 3- Improve climatic condition of the west desert of Alexandria. The overall goal of the effluent reuse project is to catalyze change towards more sustainable urban water management in the "City of the Future
This presentation is made under the topic of Sludge Treatment process. What is sludge treatment? Process of treatment, Advantages of sludge treatment process and etc
Air Pollution control- at source-equipments for control of air pollution-For particulate matter-Settling chambers-Fabric filters-Scrubbers-Cyclones-Electrostatic precipitators
, For Gaseous pollutants-control by absorption-adsorption-scrubbers-secondary combustion after burners, Working principles advantages and disadvantages
Lecture notes of Industrial Waste Treatment (Elective -III) as per syllabus of Solapur university for BE Civil
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K ORchid College of Engg and Tech,
Solapur
Lecture notes of Environmental Engineering-II as per Solapur university syllabus of TE CIVIL.
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K Orchid college of Engg and Technology,
Solapur
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL course material by Prof S S JAHAGIRDAR,NKOCET,SOLAPUR for BE (CIVIL ) students of Solapur university. Content will be also useful for SHIVAJI and PUNE university students
Lecture notes of Environmental Engineering-II as per Solapur university syllabus of TE CIVIL.
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K Orchid college of Engg and Technology,
Solapur
Alexandria Effluent Reuse is a key of minimizing expected climatic changes impacts through: 1- Minimize sea water soil intrusion problem. 2- Preventing flooding problems and sea pollution from pumping the mixed lake maryout water and disposed wastewater from Qalaa drain, Noubaria Drain and West treatment plant outfall. 3- Improve climatic condition of the west desert of Alexandria. The overall goal of the effluent reuse project is to catalyze change towards more sustainable urban water management in the "City of the Future
Sludge treatment through composting prior to reuse – the alexandria experienceHelalley Helalley
All system problems guiding us towards searching for a sustainable and safe sludge treatment and disposal system.
By the middle of 1995, we started pilot composing trials in order to reach to the feasible and comfortable operation and maintenance condition which guarantee success when scaling up full composting operation.
Finally site 9N composting operation is a key for producing high quality compost in a safe and cost effective manner
The efficient disposal of effluent from meat plants and meat-processing works is important because of the possible pollution of water – courses. Hence an effluent treatment plant (ETP) is necessary in all modern abattoirs/meat plants. The objective of effluent treatment is to produce a product that can be safely discharged into a waterway or sewer in compliance with the recommended limits for discharge.
To Improve the Calorific Value of Cotton Waste by Anaerobic Digestionijsrd.com
Ginning industries, spinning mills and other composite textiles industries produce a lot of cotton waste annually. This waste is rich in cellulose and solid contents with sufficient carbon to nitrogen ratios. However a lot of chemicals are already present in cotton waste at the end of various processes like dyeing, finishing, washing, etc. This reduces the fuel value of cotton by lowering down its calorific value. The calorific value (or energy value or heating value) of a substance, usually a fuel or food (see food energy), is the amount of heat released during the combustion of a specified amount of it. Improving the calorific value of cotton by anaerobic digestion is an environment friendly approach of converting waste to energy.
Towards effective industrial water reuse at alexandria cityHelalley Helalley
Water reuse has been dubbed as the greatest challenge of the 21st century as water supplies remain practically the same and water demands increase because of increasing (1)population and per capita consumption.
Inadequate water supply and sewerage system deterioration is serious contemporary concerns for both industries and Alexandria sanitary drainage.
Problems and risks of sanitation in abo qir february 2013 Helalley Helalley
Elements of the Problem:
1- Direct Industrial wastewater disposal into water bodies (Abo Qir bay, Amia drain and Tabia).
2- Deterioration of Public sewerage system.
3 -Vertical and horizontal housing extensions in random areas.
4 - Increasing levels of groundwater
Copy optimizing industrial wastewater treatment and management- november 2012...Helalley Helalley
Technology selection eventually depends upon industrial wastewater characteristics and on the treatment objectives as translated into desired effluent quality.
A vision for future wastewater system of alexandria city= 21 22 june 2010Helalley Helalley
In order to achieve Alexandria strategic vision for 2037, the future vision for the wastewater system will be fulfilled through: Effective wastewater system establishment; Ensuring and improving aquatic environment of Lake Maryout as one of the major priorities for improving future Alexandria wastewater system as well as providing a new water resource; Achieving full cost recovery of operation and maintenance expenses and ultimately total cost recovery of future wastewater system to sustain, preserve, and enhance the quality of the wastewater system.
Problems and risks of sanitation in abo qir february 2013 Helalley Helalley
Solutions of Abo kir pollution problems
1- Effective industrial wastewater control program.
2.Upgrading old and low capacity public sewerage systems.
3.Long-term program for groundwater reduction.
4.Minimizing different impacts resulting from groundwater high level problems through appropriate and specific best management practices.
5.Abo Qir domestic wastewater must be pumped to the Maaamora wastewater treatment plant.
Paper a vision for future sludge management- paper 30 june 2010Helalley Helalley
After full operation of secondary treatment at the East and West treatment plants, the future production of sludge from these plants and from Amriya and Agamy secondary treatment plants in addition to the rest 14 secondary treatment plants all around Alexandria is expected to exceed than 1200 m3/d by 2015 thus the capacity if the sludge disposal site should exceed. Therefore, the future sewage sludge management represents a critical environmental issue in Alexandria, this management includes sludge dewatering, handling, transportation cost to the disposal sites and the final product marketing.
As the capacity of Alexandria sludge disposal system will be limited by the increase in sludge production and the current management system, there is an immediate need to investigate ways to establish a future management system and to demonstrate successful operations at higher sludge producing rates.
Currently, Site 9N the sole disposal site in Alexandria include a composting plant established when the site was initially developed as a dedicated disposal area for sludge. Consequently, land spreading of the sludge on the dedicated disposal area has ceased and all of the current production of raw sludge is now being composted using the turned windrow technique.
The present study aims to evaluate the current efficiency of the sludge management system and adopt a future vision for the Alexandria sludge system and recommend modifications to protect public health and environment.
Copy optimizing industrial wastewater treatment and management- november 2012...Helalley Helalley
Advanced treatment processes are normally applied to industrial wastewater only, for removal of specific contaminants. Advanced treatment is commonly preceded by physicochemical coagulation and flocculation. Where a high quality effluent may be required for protection of public sewerage system containing sensitive biological treatment plants, wastewater reuse options and sludge used as fertilizer where the occurrence of toxic materials should not be present
Paper 3 using mixture of grit and mature compost as bulking agent- 15 jan 2012Helalley Helalley
Co-composting of primary sewage sludge with matured compost, together with grit and sand
was carried out to solve the problem of grit and sand disposal, this technique improved the
sludge composting efficiency and the final compost quality
Abstract suggestions for applying grey and black waterHelalley Helalley
Application of black and grey water separation concept is one of the effective tools to sustain a good wastewater management system. The main obstacles of applying this concept in Egypt are its difficulty to be applied in already existing communities. Thus, starting to apply in the new communities and areas were in situ sanitation is applied. This will lead to minimizing the quantities of wastewater resulting from these communities and the reducing clean water consumption which will lead to reducing costs of treatment and disposal
A VISION FOR FUTURE SLUDGE MANAGEMENT IN ALEXANDRIAHelalley Helalley
The present study aims to evaluate the current efficiency of the sludge management system and adopt a future vision for the Alexandria sludge system and recommend modifications to protect public health and environment.
THE MARKETABILITY OF WASTEWATER REUSE IN ALEXANDRIA SANITARY DRAINAGE COMPANYHelalley Helalley
One of the main challenges that faces Alexandria city is the shortage of water resources especially in the west zone of the city. So the use of treated wastewater is one of the solutions to solve this problem as well as the financial resources problem to make the balance between the costs of operation and maintenance and the revenues. Therefore it was necessary to use innovative marketing techniques to overcome the problems of safe wastewater reuse and over come the challenges that face the application of this concept.
One of the problems is that the location of the wastewater treatment plants exists so far from the areas that will be used in. That is because of most of the wastewater treatment plants are concentrated in the east part of the city and most of the areas that the treated wastewater will be reused in the far west of the city. Taking into consideration that the slope of the surface is low in the east and high in the west and that makes difficulty in reaching the water to the west.
Another problem is marketing, such as 1) The bad reputation of the wastewater and how you can convent the client to use it, 2) The public awareness to the citizens of Alexandria city that they can use this water safely in the fields which mentioned in the Egyptian code, 3) Psychological factors that make the people don’t be convinced to use this water and in the same time they know that this water is safe to use but they prefer to don’t use it, 4) There are no motives to make people use this water, and the most important motive for the client to make him use this water is the price and we are trying to make a challenging price which to motive him to use this water.
To solve these problems, we found that for the east zone of Alexandria we must raise the quality of the treated wastewater and use it in places that have scarcity of water like Abis villages with the co-ordination with the Ministry of Irrigation. While for the west zone of Alexandria we think it is feasible to use this wastewater that is the output of the treatment plants in the west zone in irrigation of the touristic villages of the north coast with co-ordination with Ministry of irrigation.
Alexandria Sanitary Drainage Company (ASDCO) has about 16 secondary wastewater treatment plants producing about 1.6 million m3 per day of treated effluent. We made the first step in this project which is selling the treated wastewater that is the output of the kilo 26 secondary treatment plant to Alex West Housing Compound for irrigating landscapes.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Sludge treatment through composting prior to reuse – the alexandria experience
1. Improving the Capacity of the Holding Company for Water and Waste
Water (HCWW) - Ministry of Housing, Utilities and Urban Development,
Egypt
(EuropeAid/129937/D/SER/EG)
Holding Company Capacity Improvement
(PAO-SAAP / European Union)
CHCI
Dr.Helalley Abdelhady Helalley
Holding Company Capacity Improvement (HCCI)
3. 3
Scum/Screenings Leachate Evaporation Ponds
Storage Area for Spoil Material
Dedicated
Land
Disposal
(DLD)
Area
Compost Area
Fuel Station
Guard House
Administration BuildingVehicle Wash
Sludge and Grit Receiving Area Sludge Wash Area
Dedicated Land Disposal (DLD) Area
Spoil Material
Storage
Area
Scum/Screenings
Trenches
5. Sludge composted at site 9 is mechanically dewatered sludge
from the East and West treatment plants and some other
smaller treatment facilities. Total quantity processed on average:
2000 m3/d
11. Mixing
sludge
with soil
Land disposal had some environmental nuisances
associated such as unpleasant odors and the attraction of
flies. The neighbors near site 9 complained about it. Also
there was the potential for serious groundwater
contamination.
We began looking at other sludge treatment and disposal
options. In 1995, we started pilot composting trials in order
to determine optimal operating conditions in a large scale
composting operation.
Problems with site 9N previous disposal system
13. Composting Rules
C:N from 25:1 to 40:1
Moisture ~ 40 to 65%
Oxygen > 5 ppm
Temperature 55 - 65 o C for a
total of 5 days
14. Why do it?
Dry matter/volume reduction ~ 50%
Cheaper transportation
Land apply at farmer’s convenience
Reduced odor
Reduces fly and disease problems
Can help manage storage capacity
21. Third step : Aeration with objective to maintain oxygen
concentration in windrows above 5%.
21
22. Forth step : turning windrows to aerate and to keep temperatures
in the effective range of 55 – 65 .
22
23. Fifth step: maturation
23
Curing or maturing is a critical phase that follows thermophilic
composting. During this period, which may last for several months,
actinomycetes and fungi slowly break down the remaining
digestible material.
28. The microbiological characteristics of the
final compost product
1- Free of pathogenic bacteria, such as:
- Fecal coliform, Salmonella .
2- Free of Eggs of Ascaris ova
3- Free from weed seeds.
4- Free of Nematodes.
28
29. At site 9 we have consistently composted
and achieved a high compost quality in a
safe and cost effective manner