Elements of the Problem:
1- Direct Industrial wastewater disposal into water bodies (Abo Qir bay, Amia drain and Tabia).
2- Deterioration of Public sewerage system.
3 -Vertical and horizontal housing extensions in random areas.
4 - Increasing levels of groundwater
The water contamination is a widely common problem relating to the field of environmental and water resource engineering. It requires very sophisticated techniques to prevent the occurrence of contamination in ground or shallow water resources by all available prevention methods. This research discusses the different sources of ground water contamination and the effects of contaminated water on the health and environment. In addition to some details about the protection methods to keep water usable and finally recommendations and conclusion.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
The water contamination is a widely common problem relating to the field of environmental and water resource engineering. It requires very sophisticated techniques to prevent the occurrence of contamination in ground or shallow water resources by all available prevention methods. This research discusses the different sources of ground water contamination and the effects of contaminated water on the health and environment. In addition to some details about the protection methods to keep water usable and finally recommendations and conclusion.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
Credits of the paper are to the Philippine Department of Environment and Natural Resources.
This paper was included in the event kit of Green Bloggers Forum, held 7 June 2016 at the Cocoon Boutique Hotel, QC, Philippines. The DENR authorized all bloggers and participants to promote the information and materials during the event.
After full operation of secondary treatment at the East and West treatment plants, the future production of sludge from these plants and from Amriya and Agamy secondary treatment plants in addition to the rest 14 secondary treatment plants all around Alexandria is expected to exceed than 1200 m3/d by 2015 thus the capacity if the sludge disposal site should exceed. Therefore, the future sewage sludge management represents a critical environmental issue in Alexandria, this management includes sludge dewatering, handling, transportation cost to the disposal sites and the final product marketing.
As the capacity of Alexandria sludge disposal system will be limited by the increase in sludge production and the current management system, there is an immediate need to investigate ways to establish a future management system and to demonstrate successful operations at higher sludge producing rates.
Currently, Site 9N the sole disposal site in Alexandria include a composting plant established when the site was initially developed as a dedicated disposal area for sludge. Consequently, land spreading of the sludge on the dedicated disposal area has ceased and all of the current production of raw sludge is now being composted using the turned windrow technique.
The present study aims to evaluate the current efficiency of the sludge management system and adopt a future vision for the Alexandria sludge system and recommend modifications to protect public health and environment.
Credits of the paper are to the Philippine Department of Environment and Natural Resources.
This paper was included in the event kit of Green Bloggers Forum, held 7 June 2016 at the Cocoon Boutique Hotel, QC, Philippines. The DENR authorized all bloggers and participants to promote the information and materials during the event.
After full operation of secondary treatment at the East and West treatment plants, the future production of sludge from these plants and from Amriya and Agamy secondary treatment plants in addition to the rest 14 secondary treatment plants all around Alexandria is expected to exceed than 1200 m3/d by 2015 thus the capacity if the sludge disposal site should exceed. Therefore, the future sewage sludge management represents a critical environmental issue in Alexandria, this management includes sludge dewatering, handling, transportation cost to the disposal sites and the final product marketing.
As the capacity of Alexandria sludge disposal system will be limited by the increase in sludge production and the current management system, there is an immediate need to investigate ways to establish a future management system and to demonstrate successful operations at higher sludge producing rates.
Currently, Site 9N the sole disposal site in Alexandria include a composting plant established when the site was initially developed as a dedicated disposal area for sludge. Consequently, land spreading of the sludge on the dedicated disposal area has ceased and all of the current production of raw sludge is now being composted using the turned windrow technique.
The present study aims to evaluate the current efficiency of the sludge management system and adopt a future vision for the Alexandria sludge system and recommend modifications to protect public health and environment.
Alexandria wastewater reuse Is the optimum use of Alexandria treated effluent through appropriate technologies and the best management practices to achieve best outcomes in terms of environmental basis and public health .
A VISION FOR FUTURE SLUDGE MANAGEMENT IN ALEXANDRIA ( Egypt)Helalley Helalley
After full operation of secondary treatment at the East and West treatment plants, the future production of sludge from these plants and from Amriya and Agamy secondary treatment plants in addition to the rest 14 secondary treatment plants all around Alexandria is expected to exceed than 1200 m3/d by 2015 thus the capacity if the sludge disposal site should exceed. Therefore, the future sewage sludge management represents a critical environmental issue in Alexandria, this management includes sludge dewatering, handling, transportation cost to the disposal sites and the final product marketing.
As the capacity of Alexandria sludge disposal system will be limited by the increase in sludge production and the current management system, there is an immediate need to investigate ways to establish a future management system and to demonstrate successful operations at higher sludge producing rates.
Currently, Site 9N the sole disposal site in Alexandria include a composting plant established when the site was initially developed as a dedicated disposal area for sludge. Consequently, land spreading of the sludge on the dedicated disposal area has ceased and all of the current production of raw sludge is now being composted using the turned windrow technique.
The present study aims to evaluate the current efficiency of the sludge management system and adopt a future vision for the Alexandria sludge system and recommend modifications to protect public health and environment.
Alexandria Effluent Reuse is a key of minimizing expected climatic changes impacts through: 1- Minimize sea water soil intrusion problem. 2- Preventing flooding problems and sea pollution from pumping the mixed lake maryout water and disposed wastewater from Qalaa drain, Noubaria Drain and West treatment plant outfall. 3- Improve climatic condition of the west desert of Alexandria. The overall goal of the effluent reuse project is to catalyze change towards more sustainable urban water management in the "City of the Future
Pemantauan dan Evaluasi Sistem Pengelolaan Air Limbah Terpusat (SPAL-T) - Pem...Joy Irman
Pelatihan Pemantauan dan Evaluasi (Monev) Sistem Pengelolaan Air Limbah Terpusat (SPAL-T) terdiri dari beberapa modul, yaitu Modul (A) Pemantauan, (B) Evaluasi (C) Pelaporan dan Indikator Kinerja. Masing-masing Modul tersebut terdiri atas beberapa sub-modul . Peserta pelatihan dapat memilih Modul/Sub-Modul sesuai dengan kebutuhannya masing-masing.
Decision Support for Urban Environmental Planningurbanmetabolism
Presented by Dr. Vishal K. Mehta, Invited speaker at the 6th International Public Policy and Management Conference held at the Indian Institute of Management, Bangalore, India.
Toxic chemical pollution in marine waterHanissa Rafee
Short information on toxic chemical that can pollute marine water which also can affect human health and environment.
Credit to the video : U.S MARINE YOUTUBE ACCOUNT
Ethical issues that created by today's industries. Its destroying our natural resources and environment and its also creating problem to the human life.
An environmental hazard is a substance, a state or an event which has the potential to threaten the surrounding natural environment/ adversely affect people’s health, including pollution and natural disasters such as storms and earthquakes. The environmental hazards deals with the concept that are caused by air, water, soil and radioisotopes. Air pollution occurs when the air contains gases, dust, fumes or odor in harmful amounts. Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies. Contamination of soil by human and natural activities which may cause harmful effects on living beings.
Here's a powerpoint I created some time ago on Sustainability of Water and Wastewater provisions ~ presented to a Company in UK.
It may be of use or interest to someone and is a downloadable document ~ references are all cited and photo's I think are all creative commons or referenced :-)
This presentation contains:
1. types of water pollutants
2. sources of water pollutants
3. effects of water pollution
4. control measures of water pollution.
Towards effective industrial water reuse at alexandria cityHelalley Helalley
Water reuse has been dubbed as the greatest challenge of the 21st century as water supplies remain practically the same and water demands increase because of increasing (1)population and per capita consumption.
Inadequate water supply and sewerage system deterioration is serious contemporary concerns for both industries and Alexandria sanitary drainage.
Copy optimizing industrial wastewater treatment and management- november 2012...Helalley Helalley
Technology selection eventually depends upon industrial wastewater characteristics and on the treatment objectives as translated into desired effluent quality.
A vision for future wastewater system of alexandria city= 21 22 june 2010Helalley Helalley
In order to achieve Alexandria strategic vision for 2037, the future vision for the wastewater system will be fulfilled through: Effective wastewater system establishment; Ensuring and improving aquatic environment of Lake Maryout as one of the major priorities for improving future Alexandria wastewater system as well as providing a new water resource; Achieving full cost recovery of operation and maintenance expenses and ultimately total cost recovery of future wastewater system to sustain, preserve, and enhance the quality of the wastewater system.
Problems and risks of sanitation in abo qir february 2013 Helalley Helalley
Solutions of Abo kir pollution problems
1- Effective industrial wastewater control program.
2.Upgrading old and low capacity public sewerage systems.
3.Long-term program for groundwater reduction.
4.Minimizing different impacts resulting from groundwater high level problems through appropriate and specific best management practices.
5.Abo Qir domestic wastewater must be pumped to the Maaamora wastewater treatment plant.
Sludge treatment through composting prior to reuse – the alexandria experienceHelalley Helalley
All system problems guiding us towards searching for a sustainable and safe sludge treatment and disposal system.
By the middle of 1995, we started pilot composing trials in order to reach to the feasible and comfortable operation and maintenance condition which guarantee success when scaling up full composting operation.
Finally site 9N composting operation is a key for producing high quality compost in a safe and cost effective manner
Paper a vision for future sludge management- paper 30 june 2010Helalley Helalley
After full operation of secondary treatment at the East and West treatment plants, the future production of sludge from these plants and from Amriya and Agamy secondary treatment plants in addition to the rest 14 secondary treatment plants all around Alexandria is expected to exceed than 1200 m3/d by 2015 thus the capacity if the sludge disposal site should exceed. Therefore, the future sewage sludge management represents a critical environmental issue in Alexandria, this management includes sludge dewatering, handling, transportation cost to the disposal sites and the final product marketing.
As the capacity of Alexandria sludge disposal system will be limited by the increase in sludge production and the current management system, there is an immediate need to investigate ways to establish a future management system and to demonstrate successful operations at higher sludge producing rates.
Currently, Site 9N the sole disposal site in Alexandria include a composting plant established when the site was initially developed as a dedicated disposal area for sludge. Consequently, land spreading of the sludge on the dedicated disposal area has ceased and all of the current production of raw sludge is now being composted using the turned windrow technique.
The present study aims to evaluate the current efficiency of the sludge management system and adopt a future vision for the Alexandria sludge system and recommend modifications to protect public health and environment.
Copy optimizing industrial wastewater treatment and management- november 2012...Helalley Helalley
Advanced treatment processes are normally applied to industrial wastewater only, for removal of specific contaminants. Advanced treatment is commonly preceded by physicochemical coagulation and flocculation. Where a high quality effluent may be required for protection of public sewerage system containing sensitive biological treatment plants, wastewater reuse options and sludge used as fertilizer where the occurrence of toxic materials should not be present
Paper 3 using mixture of grit and mature compost as bulking agent- 15 jan 2012Helalley Helalley
Co-composting of primary sewage sludge with matured compost, together with grit and sand
was carried out to solve the problem of grit and sand disposal, this technique improved the
sludge composting efficiency and the final compost quality
Abstract suggestions for applying grey and black waterHelalley Helalley
Application of black and grey water separation concept is one of the effective tools to sustain a good wastewater management system. The main obstacles of applying this concept in Egypt are its difficulty to be applied in already existing communities. Thus, starting to apply in the new communities and areas were in situ sanitation is applied. This will lead to minimizing the quantities of wastewater resulting from these communities and the reducing clean water consumption which will lead to reducing costs of treatment and disposal
A VISION FOR FUTURE SLUDGE MANAGEMENT IN ALEXANDRIAHelalley Helalley
The present study aims to evaluate the current efficiency of the sludge management system and adopt a future vision for the Alexandria sludge system and recommend modifications to protect public health and environment.
THE MARKETABILITY OF WASTEWATER REUSE IN ALEXANDRIA SANITARY DRAINAGE COMPANYHelalley Helalley
One of the main challenges that faces Alexandria city is the shortage of water resources especially in the west zone of the city. So the use of treated wastewater is one of the solutions to solve this problem as well as the financial resources problem to make the balance between the costs of operation and maintenance and the revenues. Therefore it was necessary to use innovative marketing techniques to overcome the problems of safe wastewater reuse and over come the challenges that face the application of this concept.
One of the problems is that the location of the wastewater treatment plants exists so far from the areas that will be used in. That is because of most of the wastewater treatment plants are concentrated in the east part of the city and most of the areas that the treated wastewater will be reused in the far west of the city. Taking into consideration that the slope of the surface is low in the east and high in the west and that makes difficulty in reaching the water to the west.
Another problem is marketing, such as 1) The bad reputation of the wastewater and how you can convent the client to use it, 2) The public awareness to the citizens of Alexandria city that they can use this water safely in the fields which mentioned in the Egyptian code, 3) Psychological factors that make the people don’t be convinced to use this water and in the same time they know that this water is safe to use but they prefer to don’t use it, 4) There are no motives to make people use this water, and the most important motive for the client to make him use this water is the price and we are trying to make a challenging price which to motive him to use this water.
To solve these problems, we found that for the east zone of Alexandria we must raise the quality of the treated wastewater and use it in places that have scarcity of water like Abis villages with the co-ordination with the Ministry of Irrigation. While for the west zone of Alexandria we think it is feasible to use this wastewater that is the output of the treatment plants in the west zone in irrigation of the touristic villages of the north coast with co-ordination with Ministry of irrigation.
Alexandria Sanitary Drainage Company (ASDCO) has about 16 secondary wastewater treatment plants producing about 1.6 million m3 per day of treated effluent. We made the first step in this project which is selling the treated wastewater that is the output of the kilo 26 secondary treatment plant to Alex West Housing Compound for irrigating landscapes.
Industrial wastewater management problems in borg el arab new [compatibility ...Helalley Helalley
Borg El-Arab is a new industrial city within Alexandria containing around 1400 factory
distributed within ten industrial zones. Two years ago, the sanitary system including the
treatment plant of Borg El-Arab was handed to Alexandria Sanitary Drainage Company for
management.
From the preliminary survey it was found that all factory's effluents were not complying with
the limits of Law 93 for year 1963 and the presidential decree 44 for year 2000. They dispose
their raw wastewater directly into the sewerage system, which creates a chronic street
flooding problems all over the industrial zones. As well as affecting the quality of the old
treatment plant influent located at the east of the city and the newly instructed tertiary
treatment plant.
These factories did not construct effective industrial effluent treatment systems for their
wastes, which were supposed to be constructed before getting the permission to start the
industrial activity and production. Another problem was the lack of effective industrial
effluent monitoring, and weakness of the legal power and action against non-complying
industries. Finally, there was no technical assistance system.
Alexandria Sanitary Drainage Company carried out a Management system to solve these
problems through: 1) Industrial survey for each factory; 2) Periodical sampling and analyzing
program based on severity of the industry; 3) Take step by step action for non-complying
factories; 4) Assisting non-complying factories to apply pollution prevention concepts. This
system applies for old existing industries, for new ones an additional step is provided which is
they don't get a permission to start industrial activity and production unless they have
effective industrial wastewater treatment system which include pollution prevention concepts.
As a result, street flooding problems have decreased and number of complying industries has
increased.
Under these circumstances we would like to stress on the importance of applying On-line
Monitoring systems to assure effective control of industrial effluent quality 24/7.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...
Problems and risks of sanitation in abo qir february 2013
1. Prepared and Presented by
Dr. Helaley Abdel Hady Helaley
Chief of IndustrialWastewater, Sludge and Reuse Sector
1
Problems and Risks Of Sanitation
and
Wastewater Treatment
in Abu Qir Region and ways of risk reduction
3. 3
Dr. Sama MZ
Elements of the Problem
المشكلة عناصر
• Direct Industrial wastewater disposal into water
bodies (Abo Qir bay, Amia drain and Tabia).
• Deterioration of Public sewerage system.
• Vertical and horizontal housing extensions in
random areas.
• Increasing levels of groundwater.
4. 4
Dr. Sama MZ
قير أبي خليج علي العامية مصرف مخلفات من التخلص نقطة
5. 5
Dr. Sama MZ
The bay receives 6 million m3/day as:
- 2 M m3/day from Amia drain through Tabia pump station.
- 3.5 M m3/day from Maadia opening.
- 300000 m3/day from Rasheed drain.
- 8000 m3/day direct discharge from Abo Qir fertilizer company.
- 2500 m3/day from Abo Qir power station.
- some industrial discharge from petroleum and gas companies at
Edko.
- some discharge from Maadia opening.
- Agricultural and domestic discharge from Edko and Bersik.
Abo Qir bay pollution sources
قير أبي خليج تلوث مصادر
6. 6
Dr. Sama MZ
Amia Drain consists of:
- Agricultural discharge from Kafr El-Dawar,
Abo Qir, Tarh and Tabia as all agricultural
drains dispose into it.
-In addition to discharge of the random zones
and non-served areas from Behira
Governorate.
Abo Qir Bay Pollution Sources
7. 7
Dr. Sama MZ
Amia drain receives Organic load resulting from
wastewater of random areas and not served which
discharges to Amia drain then to Abo Qir bay (from
Behira Governorate and Abo Qir), as follows:
-150 ton COD.
- 95 ton BOD.
-60 Ton TSS.
Abo Qir bay pollution sources
8. 8
Dr. Sama MZ
Along the coast of Abu-Qir Bay, there exist about
22 different factories representing four major
categories of industrial wastes which are: food
processing and canning, paper industry, fertilizers
industry and textile manufacturing.
The wastes of these industries are of either
organic or inorganic nature and are pumped to the
sea through El-Tabia pumping station; it pumps
out an average amount of 1.5–2.0 million m3 of
polluted water per day
Abo Qir bay pollution sources
9. 9
Dr. Sama MZ
West Zone of Abo Qir bay
and the main industries
disposing their effluents
into it.
Industrial Companies that
discharges directly into
Amia drain then to Abo Qir
through Tabia pump
station:
- National paper company.
- Kaha for preserved foods
Co.
- Agrokim for Agricultural
Chemicals co.
- Chemics for pesticides
co.
-Nasr for drying
agricultural.
10. 10
Dr. Sama MZ
West Zone of Abo Qir
bay and the main
industries disposing
their effluents into it.
Industrial Companies
that discharges directly
into Abo Qir Bay at
Alexandria Governorate
-Abo Qir for Fertilizers
co.
-Abo Qir power station.
-60 Ton TSS.
11. 11
Dr. Sama MZ
In addition to discharge of four big companies at Kafr El-Dawar with rate
of 95000 m3/day, consists of:
-43 ton/day COD.
-26 ton/day BOD.
-25 ton/day TSS.
These are:
- Misr for artificial silk.
- Dye and chemicals company (Asma dye).
- ElBida dyeing company.
- Egypt for textile and winning.,
Abo Qir Bay Pollution Sources
13. 13
Dr. Sama MZ
Abo Qir bay extends 50 km, starting from Tabia north east Alexandria
to Nile river (Rosseta branch) at Behira Governorate.
The total area of the bay is
about 500 km2 with shore line of about 50 km.
15. 15
Dr. Sama MZ
Abo Qir Urban Wastewater system problems
الحضرية بالمناطق الصحي الصرف مشاكل
According to our field survey, Meetings with specialists of Abo qir sanitary
department at ASDCO and social communication with key persons of
Abo Qir society to address the specific and actual different problems, it
is clear that: Sanitation problems are the most headache causing
problem which focus on the following points:
1. Low quality design and construction of the public sewer system in the
old urban areas, as a result of sharp slopes to the direction of the sea,
especially in Takseem El-Gedeed zone.
2. Deterioration of sewers pipeline as a result of aging and bad quality.
3. Presence of several random sewerage connections constructed in non-
scientific and engineering way, especially in the nearest sea areas.
4. The presence of several random illegal casinos dispose their raw
wastewater directly into the sea.
16. 16
Dr. Sama MZ
Abo Qir Urban Wastewater system damages
5. Low diameters and capacity of sewer lines in newly constructed random
areas, especially in Toson area.
6. No precautions are taken to prevent infiltration to the new public
sewerage system in new urbane areas (Toson and its extensions).
7. There is no wastewater treatment plant for Abo Qir area.
24. 24
Random and non engineering planning prevailed in rural areas of Abo Qir.
25. 25
Dr. Sama MZ
Abo Qir sewerage system problems
1. Takseem El Gedid area
1. Deterioration of the
public sewerage system.
2. Reduction of sewerage
capacity as a result of
vertical extension.
3. Increasing groundwater
levels.
4. Sharp slope of the
current sewerage
pipelines towards beach,
due to repetition in
flooding.
26. 26
Dr. Sama MZ
Toson extension and
behind Taamen Sehy
2. Toson extension and
behind Taamen Sehy.
Abo Qir sewerage system problems
1. Significant increase in
groundwater levels.
2. Vertical and horizontal
housing increase within
agricultural lands.
3. Deterioration of the new
sewerage system as a
result of small diameters of
sewerage pipelines,
causing flooding conditions.
28. 28
Dr. Sama MZ
3- Slaughter house surroundings.
Abo Qir sewerage system problems
1- Chronic flooding as a
result of untreated
wastewater from the
slaughterhouse.
2- Slaughterhouse
dispose raw wastewater
directly into the public
sewer system without
pretreatment.
29. 29
Dr. Sama MZ
Abo Qir sewerage system problems
4- Abo Qir wastewater treated at ETP.
The wastewater resulting from Abo Qir treated East treatment plant so far
from Abo Qir area.
30. 30
Dr. Sama MZ
Risks of Sanitation And Wastewater
Treatment in Abu Qir Region and
Ways Of Risk Reduction
الصناعي الصرف ومخاطر الصحي الصرف مشاكل
منها الحد وأساليب
31. 31
Dr. Sama MZ
The pollution of Abu-Qir Bay region
induced a panic oxidative stress in
fish living in this area.
This indicates that the industrial
wastewater treatment in this area is
not adequate to avoid the hazardous
effects of such pollutants.
Abo Qir bay pollution risk
الخليج تلوث مخاطر
32. 32
Mass death of fish as a result of industrial pollution in Abo Qir bay
33. 33
Mass death of fish as a result of industrial pollution in Tabia area.
34. 34
Dr. Sama MZ
Due to stress from discharged waste waters, the Bay has become a hot
spot area, requiring permanent monitoring of its water quality and
inhabiting biota
The seasonal variability in the quantity and quality of these wastes and
their dispersion is of great importance in the dynamics of the
hydrographic conditions, nutrient concentrations and plankton density in
the bay. This means that the growth of planktonic organisms in Abu
Qir Bay is stimulated directly and indirectly by nutrients and may be
inhibited by the discharged pollutants.
Abo Qir bay pollution risk
الخليج تلوث مخاطر
35. 35
Dr. Sama MZ
The first clear effect of such variations was shown in the hydrographic
conditions, particularly water transparency, dissolved oxygen and
salinity.
The southwestern bay was characterized by low water transparency all
year round, due to the mixing processes. Although chlorophylla was
generally high, dissolved oxygen was usually low.
The low oxygenation of the coastal waters in Abu Qir Bay has been a
characteristic feature for a long time.
This results mainly from oxygen consumption in the oxidation of a heavy
organic matter load in the bay, particularly in the southwestern part
which is directly exposed to industrial and domestic wastes and
characterized by intensive plankton production.
Abo Qir bay pollution risk
الخليج تلوث مخاطر
36. 36
Dr. Sama MZ
Impacts of Marine Pollution
البحرية البيئة علي التأثيرات
1. Create unpleasant sea shore conditions.
2. Affecting different touristic activities.
3. Affecting fishery activities.
37. 37
Dr. Sama MZ
Risk of High level of groundwater
الجوفية المياه منسوب ارتفاع مخاطر
1. Effect on the buildings on the new random housing
areas, especially at Toson zone and loss of
agricultural land.
2. High cost of applying solutions to avoid high
groundwater levels.
3. Amplifying the impacts of sea rise in the area.
4. Create expected dramatic industrial pollution.
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Dr. Sama MZ
Solutions
المقترحة الحلول
1. Effective industrial wastewater control program.
2. Upgrading old and low capacity public sewerage systems.
3. Long-term program for groundwater reduction.
4. Minimizing different impacts resulting from groundwater high level
problems through appropriate and specific best management
practices.
5. Abo Qir domestic wastewater must be pumped to the Maaamora
wastewater treatment plant.
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Dr. Sama MZ
S. Nasr, M. El-Raey, H. Ezzat, et al., J. Coast. Res. 4 (1997). 1233–1237.
Oxidative stress and DNA damage in relation to transition metals overload in Abu-Qir Bay,
Egypt Haiam M. Aboul-Ela a,*, Abir A. Saad b, Amany M.A. El-Sikaily c, Taha I. Zaghloul
Hydrography, nutrients and plankton abundance in the hot spot of Abu Qir Bay,
Alexandria, Egypt. N.E. ABDEL-AZIZ 1, M.A.FAHMY 1 and M.M. DORGHAM 2
Source of Abo Qir sewerage maps : GIS Department – ASDCO.
Ministry of Environment reports entitled «environmental impact assessment and social
project of integrated management of coastal areas in Alexandria. This report, which proved
to the World Bank disaster environmental degradation of the city.