Solutions of Abo kir pollution problems 1- Effective industrial wastewater control program. 2.Upgrading old and low capacity public sewerage systems. 3.Long-term program for groundwater reduction. 4.Minimizing different impacts resulting from groundwater high level problems through appropriate and specific best management practices. 5.Abo Qir domestic wastewater must be pumped to the Maaamora wastewater treatment plant.

1. Prepared and Presented by
Dr. Helaley Abdel Hady Helaley
Chief of IndustrialWastewater, Sludge and Reuse Sector
1
Problems and Risks Of Sanitation
and
Wastewater Treatment
in Abu Qir Region and ways of risk reduction

2. 2
‫وتقديم‬ ‫إعداد‬
‫دكتور‬/‫هاللي‬ ‫الهادي‬ ‫عبد‬ ‫هاللي‬

3. 3
 Dr. Sama MZ
Elements of the Problem
‫المشكلة‬ ‫عناصر‬
• Direct Industrial wastewater disposal into water
bodies (Abo Qir bay, Amia drain and Tabia).
• Deterioration of Public sewerage system.
• Vertical and horizontal housing extensions in
random areas.
• Increasing levels of groundwater.

4. 4
 Dr. Sama MZ
‫قير‬ ‫أبي‬ ‫خليج‬ ‫علي‬ ‫العامية‬ ‫مصرف‬ ‫مخلفات‬ ‫من‬ ‫التخلص‬ ‫نقطة‬

5. 5
 Dr. Sama MZ
The bay receives 6 million m3/day as:
- 2 M m3/day from Amia drain through Tabia pump station.
- 3.5 M m3/day from Maadia opening.
- 300000 m3/day from Rasheed drain.
- 8000 m3/day direct discharge from Abo Qir fertilizer company.
- 2500 m3/day from Abo Qir power station.
- some industrial discharge from petroleum and gas companies at
Edko.
- some discharge from Maadia opening.
- Agricultural and domestic discharge from Edko and Bersik.
Abo Qir bay pollution sources
‫قير‬ ‫أبي‬ ‫خليج‬ ‫تلوث‬ ‫مصادر‬

6. 6
 Dr. Sama MZ
Amia Drain consists of:
- Agricultural discharge from Kafr El-Dawar,
Abo Qir, Tarh and Tabia as all agricultural
drains dispose into it.
-In addition to discharge of the random zones
and non-served areas from Behira
Governorate.
Abo Qir Bay Pollution Sources

7. 7
 Dr. Sama MZ
Amia drain receives Organic load resulting from
wastewater of random areas and not served which
discharges to Amia drain then to Abo Qir bay (from
Behira Governorate and Abo Qir), as follows:
-150 ton COD.
- 95 ton BOD.
-60 Ton TSS.
Abo Qir bay pollution sources

8. 8
 Dr. Sama MZ
Along the coast of Abu-Qir Bay, there exist about
22 different factories representing four major
categories of industrial wastes which are: food
processing and canning, paper industry, fertilizers
industry and textile manufacturing.
The wastes of these industries are of either
organic or inorganic nature and are pumped to the
sea through El-Tabia pumping station; it pumps
out an average amount of 1.5–2.0 million m3 of
polluted water per day
Abo Qir bay pollution sources

9. 9
 Dr. Sama MZ
West Zone of Abo Qir bay
and the main industries
disposing their effluents
into it.
Industrial Companies that
discharges directly into
Amia drain then to Abo Qir
through Tabia pump
station:
- National paper company.
- Kaha for preserved foods
Co.
- Agrokim for Agricultural
Chemicals co.
- Chemics for pesticides
co.
-Nasr for drying
agricultural.

10. 10
 Dr. Sama MZ
West Zone of Abo Qir
bay and the main
industries disposing
their effluents into it.
Industrial Companies
that discharges directly
into Abo Qir Bay at
Alexandria Governorate
-Abo Qir for Fertilizers
co.
-Abo Qir power station.
-60 Ton TSS.

11. 11
 Dr. Sama MZ
In addition to discharge of four big companies at Kafr El-Dawar with rate
of 95000 m3/day, consists of:
-43 ton/day COD.
-26 ton/day BOD.
-25 ton/day TSS.
These are:
- Misr for artificial silk.
- Dye and chemicals company (Asma dye).
- ElBida dyeing company.
- Egypt for textile and winning.,
Abo Qir Bay Pollution Sources

12. 12

13. 13
 Dr. Sama MZ
Abo Qir bay extends 50 km, starting from Tabia north east Alexandria
to Nile river (Rosseta branch) at Behira Governorate.
The total area of the bay is
about 500 km2 with shore line of about 50 km.

14. 14
 Dr. Sama MZ
‫قير‬ ‫بأبي‬ ‫الحضرية‬ ‫المناطق‬

15. 15
 Dr. Sama MZ
Abo Qir Urban Wastewater system problems
‫الحضرية‬ ‫بالمناطق‬ ‫الصحي‬ ‫الصرف‬ ‫مشاكل‬
According to our field survey, Meetings with specialists of Abo qir sanitary
department at ASDCO and social communication with key persons of
Abo Qir society to address the specific and actual different problems, it
is clear that: Sanitation problems are the most headache causing
problem which focus on the following points:
1. Low quality design and construction of the public sewer system in the
old urban areas, as a result of sharp slopes to the direction of the sea,
especially in Takseem El-Gedeed zone.
2. Deterioration of sewers pipeline as a result of aging and bad quality.
3. Presence of several random sewerage connections constructed in non-
scientific and engineering way, especially in the nearest sea areas.
4. The presence of several random illegal casinos dispose their raw
wastewater directly into the sea.

16. 16
 Dr. Sama MZ
Abo Qir Urban Wastewater system damages
5. Low diameters and capacity of sewer lines in newly constructed random
areas, especially in Toson area.
6. No precautions are taken to prevent infiltration to the new public
sewerage system in new urbane areas (Toson and its extensions).
7. There is no wastewater treatment plant for Abo Qir area.

17. 17
Daily street flooding as a result of low capacity sewerage system

18. 18
Daily street flooding as a result of low capacity sewerage system

19. 19
Rain flooding as a result of low capacity sewerage system

20. 20
Chronic wastewater flooding problem

21. 21
Repeated efforts to minimize flooding problems

22. 22
Recent sewerage project in the new urban areas

23. 23
Bad sanitation in rural areas of Abo Qir.

24. 24
Random and non engineering planning prevailed in rural areas of Abo Qir.

25. 25
 Dr. Sama MZ
Abo Qir sewerage system problems
1. Takseem El Gedid area
1. Deterioration of the
public sewerage system.
2. Reduction of sewerage
capacity as a result of
vertical extension.
3. Increasing groundwater
levels.
4. Sharp slope of the
current sewerage
pipelines towards beach,
due to repetition in
flooding.

26. 26
 Dr. Sama MZ
Toson extension and
behind Taamen Sehy
2. Toson extension and
behind Taamen Sehy.
Abo Qir sewerage system problems
1. Significant increase in
groundwater levels.
2. Vertical and horizontal
housing increase within
agricultural lands.
3. Deterioration of the new
sewerage system as a
result of small diameters of
sewerage pipelines,
causing flooding conditions.

27. 27
High buildings on the sea shore of Abo Qir.

28. 28
 Dr. Sama MZ
3- Slaughter house surroundings.
Abo Qir sewerage system problems
1- Chronic flooding as a
result of untreated
wastewater from the
slaughterhouse.
2- Slaughterhouse
dispose raw wastewater
directly into the public
sewer system without
pretreatment.

29. 29
 Dr. Sama MZ
Abo Qir sewerage system problems
4- Abo Qir wastewater treated at ETP.
The wastewater resulting from Abo Qir treated East treatment plant so far
from Abo Qir area.

30. 30
 Dr. Sama MZ
Risks of Sanitation And Wastewater
Treatment in Abu Qir Region and
Ways Of Risk Reduction
‫الصناعي‬ ‫الصرف‬ ‫ومخاطر‬ ‫الصحي‬ ‫الصرف‬ ‫مشاكل‬
‫منها‬ ‫الحد‬ ‫وأساليب‬

31. 31
 Dr. Sama MZ
The pollution of Abu-Qir Bay region
induced a panic oxidative stress in
fish living in this area.
This indicates that the industrial
wastewater treatment in this area is
not adequate to avoid the hazardous
effects of such pollutants.
Abo Qir bay pollution risk
‫الخليج‬ ‫تلوث‬ ‫مخاطر‬

32. 32
Mass death of fish as a result of industrial pollution in Abo Qir bay

33. 33
Mass death of fish as a result of industrial pollution in Tabia area.

34. 34
 Dr. Sama MZ
Due to stress from discharged waste waters, the Bay has become a hot
spot area, requiring permanent monitoring of its water quality and
inhabiting biota
The seasonal variability in the quantity and quality of these wastes and
their dispersion is of great importance in the dynamics of the
hydrographic conditions, nutrient concentrations and plankton density in
the bay. This means that the growth of planktonic organisms in Abu
Qir Bay is stimulated directly and indirectly by nutrients and may be
inhibited by the discharged pollutants.
Abo Qir bay pollution risk
‫الخليج‬ ‫تلوث‬ ‫مخاطر‬

35. 35
 Dr. Sama MZ
The first clear effect of such variations was shown in the hydrographic
conditions, particularly water transparency, dissolved oxygen and
salinity.
The southwestern bay was characterized by low water transparency all
year round, due to the mixing processes. Although chlorophylla was
generally high, dissolved oxygen was usually low.
The low oxygenation of the coastal waters in Abu Qir Bay has been a
characteristic feature for a long time.
This results mainly from oxygen consumption in the oxidation of a heavy
organic matter load in the bay, particularly in the southwestern part
which is directly exposed to industrial and domestic wastes and
characterized by intensive plankton production.
Abo Qir bay pollution risk
‫الخليج‬ ‫تلوث‬ ‫مخاطر‬

36. 36
 Dr. Sama MZ
Impacts of Marine Pollution
‫البحرية‬ ‫البيئة‬ ‫علي‬ ‫التأثيرات‬
1. Create unpleasant sea shore conditions.
2. Affecting different touristic activities.
3. Affecting fishery activities.

37. 37
 Dr. Sama MZ
Risk of High level of groundwater
‫الجوفية‬ ‫المياه‬ ‫منسوب‬ ‫ارتفاع‬ ‫مخاطر‬
1. Effect on the buildings on the new random housing
areas, especially at Toson zone and loss of
agricultural land.
2. High cost of applying solutions to avoid high
groundwater levels.
3. Amplifying the impacts of sea rise in the area.
4. Create expected dramatic industrial pollution.

38. 38
Abo Qir Groundwater raise in urban areas

39. 39
Abo Qir Groundwater raise in urban areas

40. 40
Crisis of illegal buildings in high groundwater areas.

41. 41
Crisis of illegal buildings in high groundwater areas.

42. 42
Crisis of illegal buildings in high groundwater areas.

43. 43
Crisis of illegal buildings in high groundwater areas.

44. 44
 Dr. Sama MZ
Solutions
‫المقترحة‬ ‫الحلول‬
1. Effective industrial wastewater control program.
2. Upgrading old and low capacity public sewerage systems.
3. Long-term program for groundwater reduction.
4. Minimizing different impacts resulting from groundwater high level
problems through appropriate and specific best management
practices.
5. Abo Qir domestic wastewater must be pumped to the Maaamora
wastewater treatment plant.

45. 45
 Dr. Sama MZ
S. Nasr, M. El-Raey, H. Ezzat, et al., J. Coast. Res. 4 (1997). 1233–1237.
Oxidative stress and DNA damage in relation to transition metals overload in Abu-Qir Bay,
Egypt Haiam M. Aboul-Ela a,*, Abir A. Saad b, Amany M.A. El-Sikaily c, Taha I. Zaghloul
Hydrography, nutrients and plankton abundance in the hot spot of Abu Qir Bay,
Alexandria, Egypt. N.E. ABDEL-AZIZ 1, M.A.FAHMY 1 and M.M. DORGHAM 2
Source of Abo Qir sewerage maps : GIS Department – ASDCO.
Ministry of Environment reports entitled «environmental impact assessment and social
project of integrated management of coastal areas in Alexandria. This report, which proved
to the World Bank disaster environmental degradation of the city.

46. 46
 Dr. Sama MZ
Thank you