The document discusses the effects of leachate recirculation and supplemental water addition on methane production and waste decomposition in simulated landfill reactors. Three reactors were used - a control reactor without leachate recirculation and two experimental reactors, one with leachate recirculation and one with leachate recirculation and supplemental water. The results showed that leachate recirculation increased methane production and accelerated waste stabilization compared to the control. Supplemental water addition further improved methane yields and allowed the reactor to enter methanogenesis earlier. Starting leachate recirculation after stabilization was also found to produce more methane than starting before stabilization.
Solid waste means any garbage, refuse, sludge from a wastewater treatment plant, water supply treatment plant, or air pollution control facility and other discarded materials including solid, liquid, semi-solid, or contained gaseous material, resulting from industrial, commercial, mining and agricultural operations, and from community activities.
trating municipal landfill leachate by using activated carbon sourced from agricultural residue(sugarcane bagasse & rice husk) and comparing their efficacy wrt each other in removing the tds, color, organics etc.
Solid waste means any garbage, refuse, sludge from a wastewater treatment plant, water supply treatment plant, or air pollution control facility and other discarded materials including solid, liquid, semi-solid, or contained gaseous material, resulting from industrial, commercial, mining and agricultural operations, and from community activities.
trating municipal landfill leachate by using activated carbon sourced from agricultural residue(sugarcane bagasse & rice husk) and comparing their efficacy wrt each other in removing the tds, color, organics etc.
Lecture note of Industrial Waste Treatment (Elective -III) as per syllabus of Solapur university for BE Civil
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K ORchid College of Engg and Tech,
Solapur
Industrial wastewater treatment describes the processes used for treating wastewater that is produced by industries as an undesirable by-product. After treatment, the treated industrial wastewater (or effluent) may be reused or released to a sanitary sewer or to a surface water in the environment. Some industrial facilities generate wastewater that can be treated in sewage treatment plants. Most industrial processes, such as petroleum refineries, chemical and petrochemical plants have their own specialized facilities to treat their wastewaters so that the pollutant concentrations in the treated wastewater comply with the regulations regarding disposal of wastewaters into sewers or into rivers, lakes or oceans.
Lecture Notes of Environmental Engg-II as per solapur university syllabus of TE Civil,
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K Orchid college of Engg and Technology,
Solapur
Lecture note of Industrial Waste Treatment (Elective -III) as per syllabus of Solapur university for BE Civil
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K ORchid College of Engg and Tech,
Solapur
Lecture notes of Environmental Engineering-II as per Solapur university syllabus of TE CIVIL.
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K Orchid college of Engg and Technology,
Solapur
This is a power point presentation on design of a 30 MLD sewage treatment plant. It includes the different characteristics of waste water,various treatment units, design results and a layout of sewage treatment plant.
Visit my slide share channel for downloading report of this project.
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) Treatment of SewageAravind Samala
TREATMENT OF SEWAGE BASED ON UASB PROCESS. Up flow anaerobic sludge blanket process (UASB),was developed by Lettinga and his co-workers in Holland in the early 1970's
Anaerobic granular sludge bed technology refers to a special kind of reactor concept for the "high rate" anaerobic treatment of wastewater.
The major objectives of the UASB process is:
Pre sedimentation anaerobic wastewater treatment and final sedimentation including sludge stabilization are essentially combined in one reactor making it most attractive high-rate wastewater treatment option.
To produce by products like Methane enriched biogas and nutrient rich sludge.
Landfill leachate varies widely in composition, it usually contains both dissolved and suspended material. The generation of leachate is caused principally by precipitation percolating through waste deposited in a landfill. As leachate first emerges, it can be black in colour, anoxic, and possibly effervescent, with dissolved and entrained gases.
Lecture note of Industrial Waste Treatment (Elective -III) as per syllabus of Solapur university for BE Civil
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K ORchid College of Engg and Tech,
Solapur
Industrial wastewater treatment describes the processes used for treating wastewater that is produced by industries as an undesirable by-product. After treatment, the treated industrial wastewater (or effluent) may be reused or released to a sanitary sewer or to a surface water in the environment. Some industrial facilities generate wastewater that can be treated in sewage treatment plants. Most industrial processes, such as petroleum refineries, chemical and petrochemical plants have their own specialized facilities to treat their wastewaters so that the pollutant concentrations in the treated wastewater comply with the regulations regarding disposal of wastewaters into sewers or into rivers, lakes or oceans.
Lecture Notes of Environmental Engg-II as per solapur university syllabus of TE Civil,
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K Orchid college of Engg and Technology,
Solapur
Lecture note of Industrial Waste Treatment (Elective -III) as per syllabus of Solapur university for BE Civil
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K ORchid College of Engg and Tech,
Solapur
Lecture notes of Environmental Engineering-II as per Solapur university syllabus of TE CIVIL.
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K Orchid college of Engg and Technology,
Solapur
This is a power point presentation on design of a 30 MLD sewage treatment plant. It includes the different characteristics of waste water,various treatment units, design results and a layout of sewage treatment plant.
Visit my slide share channel for downloading report of this project.
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) Treatment of SewageAravind Samala
TREATMENT OF SEWAGE BASED ON UASB PROCESS. Up flow anaerobic sludge blanket process (UASB),was developed by Lettinga and his co-workers in Holland in the early 1970's
Anaerobic granular sludge bed technology refers to a special kind of reactor concept for the "high rate" anaerobic treatment of wastewater.
The major objectives of the UASB process is:
Pre sedimentation anaerobic wastewater treatment and final sedimentation including sludge stabilization are essentially combined in one reactor making it most attractive high-rate wastewater treatment option.
To produce by products like Methane enriched biogas and nutrient rich sludge.
Landfill leachate varies widely in composition, it usually contains both dissolved and suspended material. The generation of leachate is caused principally by precipitation percolating through waste deposited in a landfill. As leachate first emerges, it can be black in colour, anoxic, and possibly effervescent, with dissolved and entrained gases.
Leachate management of Constructed wetlands_Yuka Ogata_National Institute for...CRL Asia
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Presentation can help you to understand concept, principle engineering and important factors of landfilling such as component, requirement, microbial activity, landfill gas and leachate generation
This is a presentation giving an introduction to the LandGEM model released by USEPA. It takes the student through a quick case study of the Pirana Landfill in India.
Meant for educational purposes only.
Viable E waste treatment Incineration vs Non IncinerationRohit Shinde
Content:
What is Electronic Waste?
How these become E-Waste
Generation of E-waste by Countries
Why E-Waste a Problem?
Constituents of E-Waste
E-Waste Processing steps
Methods for E-Waste treatment
Incineration – Process Description, Types, Advantage and Disadvantage
Non-Incineration – Process Description, Types, Advantage and Disadvantage
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Conclusion
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Leachate generation from tsdf and its treatment optionsAyushi Chaturvedi
Introduction to Hazardous waste landfill and Leachate
Supportive Data and figures
Real Episode due to Leachate Contamination
Leachate Generation Factors
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TSDF – Case Study
Literature Review
List of Applicable leachate treatment Technologies
Low Cost Anaerobic Treatment of Municipal Solid Waste Leachateiosrjce
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International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES) is a leading international journal for publication of new ideas, the state of the art research results and fundamental advances in all aspects of Engineering and Science. IRJES is a open access, peer reviewed international journal with a primary objective to provide the academic community and industry for the submission of half of original research and applications
Reflux it's impact on the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from sewage wat...eSAT Journals
Abstract A/O BAF system has been used in the treatment of nitrogen and phosphorus and other nutrients present in wastewater, This economical and effective way of nutrients removal uses different parameters in the actualization of desired objectives, one of them is the Reflux ratio, this research focuses on the influence and roles of Reflux, Sponge Iron and Manganese sand on the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater. The following experimental operational parameters was set up for the purpose of this experiment, Hydraulic load of 0.5 m3 / m2 • h., Air/Water ratio of 10:1 (0.42L/min) and reflux ratio of 100 and 200 percent. The experiment is divided into two main areas: The effects of reflux ratio presence and absences on removal efficiency of the BAF system. The reflux water was introduced into the anaerobic column and sometimes in aerobic column. The results were examined to note the extent to which reflux plays a part on the removal rate of the nutrients when introduced into the aerobic column instead of the anaerobic column and vice versa. sponge iron and manganese sand column were also introduced, and the results of the nitrifying bacteria shown it supports the removal efficiency observed in the BAF system. The results were all investigated, compared and the analysis showed that reflux helped more in the removal of nitrogen and ammonia, while sponge iron and manganese sand increased the removal efficiency of phosphorus from waste water Key Word: BAF: Biological Aeration Filter; Total Phosphorus; Total Nitrogen; Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD); Removal Efficiency;
Biosolids Minimization Using Alkaline Sludge Hydrolysis and BNR ProcessLystek
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A pilot study was undertaken to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed BNR system and to assess the impact of recycling Lystek-treated sludge to the BNR system and anaerobic digester. The pilot plant produced effluent comparable to that of the full-scale plant with biological nitrification/denitrification and phosphorous removal.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
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The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
1. By:
Heba Numan Harara
Samar khuzundar
Submitted to:
Dr. Thaer AbuShbak
2014
The effects of leachate recirculation with
supplemental water addition on methane
production and waste decomposition in a
simulated tropical landfill
3. Landfills
• A landfill, also
known as a dump,
is a site for the
disposal of waste
materials by burial
and is the oldest
form of waste
treatment.
Historically, landfills
have been the most
common methods of
organized waste
disposal and remain
so in many places
around the world.
6. LANDFILL LEACHATE
During landfill site
operation, a liquid known as
leachate is produced.
It is a mixture of organic
degradation products, liquid
waste and rain water.
It has high organic carbon
content, high concentrations
of nitrogen and is usually
slightly acidic.
9. Leachate effects
the pipes become weakened by chemical attack (acids,
solvents, oxidizing agents, or corrosion) and may then be
crushed by the tons of garbage piled on them.
Leachate contains a host of toxic and carcinogenic
chemicals, which may cause harm to both humans and
environment.
leachate-contaminated groundwater can adversely affect
industrial and agricultural activities that depend on well
water.
The use of contaminated water for irrigation can decrease
soil productivity, contaminate crops, and move possibly
toxic pollutants up the food chain as animals and humans
10. Gasses found in landfills:
The typical constituents of gases produced by a municipal solid waste
landfill:
• Component Percent (dry volume basis)
Methane 40-60%
Carbon Dioxide 40-60%
Nitrogen 2-5%
Ammonia 0.1-1.0%
Methane : It is often flammable and sometimes even explosive.
• Carbon Dioxide: Non harmful to the environment
• Nitrogen: Non harmful to the environment
• Ammonia: Ammonia in air is an irritant and causes burning of
the eyes, nose, throat and lungs.
11. Leachate collection and treatment:
Leachate collection systems are installed
above the liner and consist of a perforated
piping system which collects and carries the
leachate to a storage tank.
Periodically, leachate removed from the
storage tank and treated or disposed of.
Most common leachate management
methods are: discharge to wastewater
treatment plant, on-site treatment and
recirculation back into the landfill.
12.
13. Leachate recirculation
the practice of retraining leachate to
landfill from which it has been
abstracted.
This technology could be more cost-
effective than other treatment
systems.
14. Benefits of leachate recirculation
-reduction in leachate treatment and
disposal cost.
- Accelerated decomposition and
settlement of waste.
- Acceleration in gas production.
- Accelerating stabilization of organic
waste.
- Potential reduction in cost and
environmental impact after closure.
15. After weighing these advantages and
disadvantages, federal regulators in
the US decided to allow leachate
recirculation only at landfills that have
a composite liner and a leachate
collection system that meets specified
performance requirements.
16. An example of the electrical generation equipment in one of the
Michigan Cogeneration
System Plants. These engines burn only landfill gas as a fuel and
operate 24 hours a day. Each engine produces 750 kw of
electricity
17. Bioreactor Defined
“……a sanitary landfill operated for the
purpose of transforming and
stabilizing organic waste
constituents by purposeful control to
enhance microbiological processes.
18. Why Operate a Landfill as a
Bioreactor?
to increase potential for waste to energy
conversion,
to store and/or treat leachate,
to recover air space,
to ensure sustainability.
19. Objective of study:
to determine the effects of leachate
recirculation and supplemental water addition
on municipal solid waste decomposition and
methane production in three anaerobic
digestion reactors.
The effects of leachate recirculation with supplemental water
addition on methane production and waste decomposition in a
simulated tropical landfill
20. Used Techniques for improving methane production
• Bioreactor technology is becoming more widely
accepted in landfill design and operation
methodology.
• This technique enhances waste decomposition
rates and methane production.
• An increase in moisture content in a landfill
enhances the anaerobic degradation processes by
facilitating the redistribution of substrates and
nutrients and the spreading of microorganisms
between the micro environments in the landfill,
leading to an increase in the methane production
rate
21. overview
The most common problem associated with
landfill operations is the generation of
leachate and gases.
The results from this investigations
might not be applicable to landfills in Thailand
due to the differences in waste type and
composition.
In tropical landfills, where high temperature
and high evaporation lead to insufficient
moisture content in the cell.
22. However, during the dry season, leachate
recirculation may be insufficient to
maintain the moisture content, and
supplemental water addition into the cell is
then necessary to stabilize moisture levels
as well as stimulate biological activity.
leachate recirculation not only helps to
increase the moisture content but also to
circulate organic matter back into the cell.
23. Reactor preparation
The study was conducted by constructing
three simulated landfill reactors from
opaque PVC.
Material and methods
24. These reactors had
a diameter and
height of 0.30 and
1.25m,respectively
PVC leachate
collection pipe with
a diameter of 1.8
cm was installed at
the center of the
bottom of the
reactor.
Leachate was
collected in a
transparent
container
25. • A leachate
sampling port was
installed in the
collection pipe.
• A tap-water
addition port was
installed at the top
of the reactor.
• A distribution pipe
was installed at
the top of the
reactor to add liquid
to the waste mass.
• A 1.8cm diameter
PVC pipe was used
to construct a gas-
sampling port
26. The concept of using a gas meter to
calculate gas production is based on the
liquid displacement by gas in the fixed
volume chamber which causes a chamber
turnover.
All connections (ports and the lid) were
checked for leakages by using a soap
solution before waste loading.
27. Soil preparation
The soil, which was taken from Bangkhuntien
Campus,was sampled and sent to the Department of
Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart
University for texture analysis.
The result showed that the soil, consisting of
45%sand, 16% silt and 39% clay, had a sand-clay
(SC) texture and had acceptable
characteristics for use as soil
covering in sanitary landfills
28. MSW preparation
The MSW was collected from Nongkham transfer
station, Bangkok, Thailand.
Bulky wastes and recyclable materials (glass,
metal and non-metal materials) were removed.
Large plastic and paper materials were torn into
1–2 cm size pieces.
The sample was then mixed with abackhoe to
maximize the homogeneity of wastes.
Approximately 1000 kg of MSW
moisture content of the MSW was 70.28% on a
wet basis and the C/N ratio was 21.79.
29.
30. Solid wastes loading
Before the reactors were filled with waste, an
8 cm thick layer of 2.5 cm diameter gravel
was placed at the bottom of each reactor.
A circular nylon screen with 1-mm diameter
holes was placed over the gravel layer to
prevent clogging of the reactor drainage
system.
During loading, the MSW was manually
compacted and then covered with a 3 cm
thickness of soil every 30 cm for the bottom
and medium layers and a 6 cm thickness of
final cover soil.
31. In this investigation, the waste was
compacted to a density of 600 kg/m3.
The soil was compacted to 1300 kg/m3.
to ensure anaerobic conditions in the
reactors, a rubber gasket was placed
between an acrylic flange and the top lid.
After the reactor was closed, the top lid was
screwed down and sealed with the silicone
rubber to make the reactor gas tight.
32. The quantities of MSW and
soil used in each reactor are
presented in Table
33. Experimental design and operation
One reactor was operated as a control
.without leachate recirculation (RC)
while the other two served as
experimental reactors, one with leachate
recirculation (R1)
and the other with leachate recirculation
and supplemental water addition (R2).
34.
35. the buffer capacity (proportion of
TVA and alkalinity) for all reactors
was controlled to not exceed more
than 0.8 by adding sodium
bicarbonatec(NaHCO3) to the water
before introduction into the reactors
on day 200,
except R2 which had a high pH and
buffer capacity.
36. The total amounts of NaHCO3 added
to RC and R1 were 877 and 858 g,
respectively.
it was difficult to recirculate at the
same rate for both reactors because
of the variation of leachate quantity
circulating from the reactors.
37. Laboratory analysis
Gas volume in the reactor was measured by
a gas meter.
the gas composition was analyzed by gas
chromatography and a Thermal Conductivity
Detector (TCD).
The leachate volume collected at the bottom
of each reactor was quantified and sampled.
Leachate was analyzed for pH, alkalinity,
TVA and COD by standard methods
38. RC :control reactor Without LEACTAH
RECRIULATION
RC provide 9.02
l/kg dry weight
at a rate of
0.10 l/kg dry
weight/d, and
reached the
stabilization
phase on day
270.
39. R1 : WITH LEACTAH RECRIULATION
leachate
recirculation
reactor
provided
17.04 l/kg
dry weight at
a rate
of 0.14 l/kg
dry weight/d
and reached
the
stabilization
phase on day
290
40. The effects of leachate recirculation
• waste decomposition was in the acid phase
approximately 210 days after loading as
indicated by the high concentration of TVA (8.13
gAA/l from RC and 7.91 gAA/l from R1) in the
leachate,
• low leachate alkalinity (5.12 gCaCO3/l from RC
and 5.31 gCaCO3/l from R1) and a subsequent.
• drop in leachate pH to approximately 5.7.
• The natural buffering capacity of the waste was
insufficient to overcome the effects of the TVA
accumulation.
41. • The acidic environment resulted in the
inhibition of methanogenesis as indicated by
the continued high COD concentration(21.59
g/l from RC and 22.61 g/l from R1)
• no methane was produced before recirculation
commenced.
• The addition of a buffer compound (NaHCO3)
on day 200 provided the environment required
for methanogens to utilize substrates and
methane composition and production
rapidly increased.
42. • The remaining COD concentrations of RC and R1
on day 330 were 1.26 and 5.99 g/l, respectively,
• while the remaining TVA concentrations were 0.73
and 3.11 gAA/l, respectively.
• The steady remaining values of COD and TVA
concentrations in the leachate indicated that the
reactors entered into the stabilization phase.
• the control reactor (RC) reached the stabilization
phase more quickly than the leachate recirculation
reactor (R1) (day 270 for RC and day 290 for R1).
43. • This was unexpected and was attributed to the
exhaustion of the substrates for methanogens due to
leachate washout.
• However, leachate recirculation with buffer addition
(R1) provided a greater methane production rate (0.10
l/kg dry weight/d from RC and 0.14 l/kg dry weight/d
from R1)
• and greater cumulative methane production than the
control reactor (RC) (9.02 l/kg dry weight and 17.04
l/kg dry weight from RC and R1, respectively).
• Therefore, it can beconcluded that leachate
recirculation with buffer addition accelerates
waste stabilization and enhances methane
production.
44. R2 :with leachate recirculation an
supplemental water additions
accumulated
methane
production of
54.87 l/kg
dry weight of
MSW at an
average rate
of 0.58 l/kg
dry
weight/d and
reached the
stabilization
phase on day
180.
45. • supplemental water addition in the early acid
phase helped to dilute inhibitory substances and
negated the need for buffer addition to vercome
the acid phase.
• In addition, R2 entered the methanogenesis
phase on day 75, which was 135 days earlier
than RC and R1.
• The results show similar methane production
rates from both reactors from day 75 to 140.
• The average methane production rate of R1 was
0.10 l/kg dry weight/d while that of R2 was 0.11
l/kg dry weight/d.
The effects of leachate recirculation with supplemental
water addition
46. • However, it was observed that R1 was in
an acid phase while R2 was in a
methanogenesis phase, as indicated by
the increasing methane content and
leachate pH and decreasing leachate
concentrations of e.g. COD and TVA.
• This meant that supplemental water
addition in the early acid phase helped
accelerate waste decomposition but did
not result in higher methane yield rates
47. • methane production was found to gradually
increase.
• In RC, the substrates and essential
nutrients for methanogens were removed
by leachate drainage whereas in the R2
reactor the substrates for methanogens
were captured, reapplied and utilized by the
microbes.
• This also increased contact opportunity
between the nutrients and microbes.
48. • Recirculation into R2 was started on day 203,
which was after the waste had nearly reached the
stabilization phase (day 180), whereas leachate
recirculation into R1 was started on day 203, which
was before the waste had reached the stabilization
phase(day 290).
• This result shows that when the leachate
recirculation is started after the waste has reached
the stabilization phase, a much higher methane
production can be produced than when the
recirculation is started before the waste has
reached the stabilization phase.
49. The effects of leachate recirculation with increasing organic
loading rate
The results during the stabilization phase for all reactors
revealed that higher OLR led to a higher CH4 production
rate, CH4 composition and COD removal.
50. This reveals that a reactor that has entered into the
stabilization phase not only enhances methane production
through leachate recirculation, but can also help to increase
the OLR in the circulated leachate.
51. Conclusion:
-The leachate recirculation reactor provided a
greater degree of stabilization than the
single pass leachate recirculation reactor.
-the effect of leachate recirculation along with
buffer addition could enhance methane
production and reduce the stabilization
time.
-Supplemental water addition increase dilution
of inhibitory substances and reduce leachate
strength resulting in favorable conditions for
methanogens.
52. Conclusion
-Supplemental water addition in acid phase
can be used as an effective operational
strategy to accelerate the methanogenesis
.Phase
-Starting to recirculate leachate after the
waste had reached the stabilization phase
produced much more methane than when
starting recirculation before the waste had
reached the stabilization phase.