all about slit lamp. special features, basic designs, principal of observation system, principal of illumination, animations are done for the beginners for easy understanding,pitfalls.
Slit lamp biomicroscopy and illumination techniquesLoknath Goswami
It is a presentation on slitlamp for beginner, shown the parts and different illumination techniques both for eye and contact lens and it have short history
To know Humphrey visual field analyser
To know about various types of perimetry
To identify field defect
To recognize that field defect is due to glaucoma or neurological lesion
To know that field defect is progressive or not
Interpretation of HVFA
Synoptophore is an instrument for diagnosing imbalance of eye muscles and treating them by orthoptic methods. In this presentation the parts of the synoptophore and the different slides used in the instrument are discussed
Slit lamp biomicroscopy and illumination techniquesLoknath Goswami
It is a presentation on slitlamp for beginner, shown the parts and different illumination techniques both for eye and contact lens and it have short history
To know Humphrey visual field analyser
To know about various types of perimetry
To identify field defect
To recognize that field defect is due to glaucoma or neurological lesion
To know that field defect is progressive or not
Interpretation of HVFA
Synoptophore is an instrument for diagnosing imbalance of eye muscles and treating them by orthoptic methods. In this presentation the parts of the synoptophore and the different slides used in the instrument are discussed
Keratometer is an ophthalmic instruments and has a very important role in optometry field specially for IOL power calculation, Contact lens fitting, to rule out corneal pathology and its progression ie Keratoconus, PMCD.
Brückner, in 1962, published a paper in German describing a "trans-illumination" test extremely useful in the diagnosis of small angle deviations and amblyopia in young uncooperative children. A bright coaxial light source, such as a direct ophthalmoscope, is used.
Describes the basic of applanation tonometry, the factors affecting it and also how to perform the ideal tonometry. The slide are borrowed but it gives complete idea of mastering Applanation tonometry.
If the original owner of the slides has an objection i shall take down the ppt with due apologies.
Various laser lenses have been introduced following Goldmann 3- mirror and Goldmann fundus contact lens for retinal photocoagulation.
Below described some of the time-tested lenses in widespread use. Precise knowledge of these lenses is necessary for safe retinal photocoagulation.
Keratometer is an ophthalmic instruments and has a very important role in optometry field specially for IOL power calculation, Contact lens fitting, to rule out corneal pathology and its progression ie Keratoconus, PMCD.
Brückner, in 1962, published a paper in German describing a "trans-illumination" test extremely useful in the diagnosis of small angle deviations and amblyopia in young uncooperative children. A bright coaxial light source, such as a direct ophthalmoscope, is used.
Describes the basic of applanation tonometry, the factors affecting it and also how to perform the ideal tonometry. The slide are borrowed but it gives complete idea of mastering Applanation tonometry.
If the original owner of the slides has an objection i shall take down the ppt with due apologies.
Various laser lenses have been introduced following Goldmann 3- mirror and Goldmann fundus contact lens for retinal photocoagulation.
Below described some of the time-tested lenses in widespread use. Precise knowledge of these lenses is necessary for safe retinal photocoagulation.
a comprehensive presentation on Slit-lamp in which i have described about the history, optics and also the uses of different illuminations by Dr. Paresh Nichlani
for eye care professionals.. will help them to understand slit lamp examination based on theory can co-relate with the practicals to gain more knowledge
SLIT LAMP AND ITS DIFFERENT ILLUMINATION TECHNIQUES.pptxAbhishek Kashyap
This presentation explains in detail about different illumination techniques and filters used in slit lamp examination and the procedure to perform slit lamp examination.
. Introduction Biomicroscope derives its name from the fact that it enables the practitioner to observe the living tissue of eye under magnification. It not only provides magnified view of every part of eye but also allows quantitative measurements and photography of every part for documentation.
3. • The lamp facilitates an examination which looks at anterior segment, or frontal structures, of the human eye, which includes the –Eyelid –Cornea –Sclera –Conjunctiva –Iris –Aqueous –Natural crystalline lens and –Anterior vitreous.
4. Important historical landmarks De Wecker 1863 devised a portable ophthalmomicroscope . Albert and Greenough 1891,developed a binocular microscope which provided stereoscopic view. Gullstrand ,1911 introduced the illumination system which had for the first time a slit diapharm in it Therefore Gullstrand is credited with the invention of slit lamp.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
2. WHY SLIT LAMPS ARE SO GREAT
gold standard device.
This is because they provide…
Stereoscopic image
Variable illumination
Variable magnification
Excellent image quality
3.
4. A narrow vertical slit of light is projected on to
the eye and permits microscopic examination of
living tissues in cross-section
5.
6. First concept of slit-lamp was introduced by PROF.
ALLVAR GULLSTRAND IN 1911
And named as LARGE GULLSTRAND
OPHTHALMOSCOPE
7. SPECIAL FEATURES
1. The alignment of viewing & illumination system
- parfocal
2.long working distance.
3.allows to carry out certain manoeuveres like
• FB removal from cornea
• interpose certain optical devices-
condensing lens, goniolens, Goldmann
applanation tonometer
8. 3. Incorporated with prisms
-invert the image vertically and horizontally
-so it appears erect and right way round
4. A bank of Galilean telescopes of different
powers
- to allow the magnification
13. OBSERVATION SYSTEM
composed of 2 lenses
- objective lens
- eyepiece lens
Objective lens :
consists of 2 plano-convex lenses
providing a composite power of +22 D
14. Eyepiece lenses :
magnification : 10×, 16×, 25×
provide good stereopsis as the tubes
converged at an angle of 10°- 15°
Prisms :
to overcome inverted image produced
by compound microscope
18. • Slit lamps provide variable magnification
• Lower magnifications - general assessment
and orientation
• Higher magnifications -detailed inspections
of areas of interest
• There are several ways to do this
- Common methods: Littmann-Galilean telescope
and zoom systems
- Less common methods: Change the eyepieces
and/or change the objective lens
19. LITTMANN-GALILEAN
TELESCOPE METHOD
• A separate optical system is placed in
between the eyepiece and the objective
• Utilizes Galilean telescopes to alter
magnifications
• It consists of a rotating drum that houses
Galilean telescopes
20. Galilean telescopes consist of a positive and
negative lens that provide magnification
based on the lens powers
22. ILLUMINATION SYSTEM
Comprises of :
• Light source: halogen lamp
• Condenser lens system
• Slit and other diaphragms
• Filters
• Projection lens
• Reflecting mirror
23.
24. MECHANICAL SUPPORT SYSTEM
Consists of :
Joystick arrangement
Up and down movement
arrangement
Patient support arrangement
Fixation target
Mechanical coupling
26. A.Patient adjustment :
should be positioned comfortably in
front of slit-lamp with his or her chin resting
on the chin rest and forehead opposed to
head rest
27. B. Instrument adjustment :
- height of the table housing the slit-lamp
should be adjusted according to patient’s height
- microscope and illumination system should
be aligned wth patient’s eye to be examined
- fixation target should be placed at
required position.
28. C. Beginning slit-lamp examination : some points
to be kept in mind
I. Room should be semi-dark
II. Diffuse illumination – used for short time
III. Medications like ointments and anaesthetic
eyedrops produces corneal surface disturbance
which can be mistaken for pathology.
IV.Low magnification should be 1st used to locate
pathology and then higher magnification to
examine it.
29. Structures to see through slit-lamp
External : brow, nose, chick
Lid & lash
Conjunctiva & sclera
Cornea
Anterior chamber
Iris
Lens
Anterior vitreous
34. Cobalt blue filter with fluorescein
1.Evaluation of fluorescein dye ( appear
yellow) staining the ocular surface tissue
2.Tear film
3.To discern the fluorescein pattern in
Goldmann Applanation Tonometry
[thin marginal tear meniscus and
inferior punctate erosions stained with
fluorescein ]
35. Red free filter with rose bengal dye
Diffuse illumination with red free filter to enhance visibility
of rose bengal red dye which has stained keratin in
intraepithelial ( squamous ) neoplasia
37. Beam :
full height
medium width
medium bright
Direction:
obliquely
Aim :
to focus it on cornea so that quadrilateral
block ( parallelepiped) illuminates the cornea
ANTERIOR SURFACE
CROSS-SECTIONAL ILLUMINATION
39. Use :
1. to examine the anterior surface &
posterior surface of cornea
2. examination of anterior segment & lens
3. for grading of cells & flares ( when the
height of the beam is reduced to 2-4 mm)
40. OPTICAL SECTION :
when the beam made so narrowed that the
anterior & posterior portion becomes very thin
leaving only cross sectional illumination of
cornea.
Optical section: mostly depth
42. Beam :
medium – narrow ( must be thicker than
optical section )
Angle between light & microscope : 50° – 60°
Purpose :
• to observe corneal endothelium
.
Careful focusing can
bring up endothelial
cells, like mosaic
pattern
44. An object of interest is lit by retro-illumination
when the light source is directed onto another
structure (deeper) so that the reflected light must
pass through that object.
Retroillumination of fundus is best performed
with -
• dilated pupil
• viewing and illuminating arm not
parfocal
45. What can be seen
• Blood vessels of cornea,
• abnormalities of post. surface of cornea
• Cataract & PCO
• iris atrophy
51. Sclerotic scatter produces a diffuse glow of limbus and a
backlighting of any corneal opacities, as with cornea
verticillata( whorl-like changes) secondary to epithelial
deposition of the oral drug amiodarone
52. PITFALLS & POINTERS
1. Remember to set the oculars to your
refractive error or to plano if you are using
spectacles.
2. Proper positioning of the patient
3. Intensity of the light at level of patient’s
comfort
4. To take advantage of full value of slit-lamp,
examiner must become skilled in using all
of the methods of illumination and
understand when each is best employed.
Editor's Notes
USE : For judging the depth of lesion & examination of the lens.