Visual acuity charts and tests are used to measure the visual acuity or clarity of vision of the eyes. There are two main types of charts - distance vision charts and near vision charts. Common distance vision tests include the Snellen chart, Landolt C chart, and LogMAR chart. The Snellen chart uses letters of decreasing size arranged at a standard test distance of 6 meters or 20 feet to measure visual acuity denoted in fractions like 6/6 or 20/20. Near vision tests include the Jaeger chart which uses printed text of decreasing font size. Visual acuity can be measured for different age groups using specialized pediatric tests that do not require reading letters like preferential looking tests.

1. VISUAL ACUITY CHARTS
PRESENTED BY
HARSHALI MESTRI
2nd YEAR
B-OPTOMETRY
ITM-IHS

2. What is visual acuity???
 Visual acuity is the ability or power of
the eye by which object are
distinguished one from the other
 It is also measure the smallest retinal
image formed at the foveal region
such can be appreciated reguarding
shape & size.

4. Visual acuity charts
 There are two types of visual acuity
charts
 Distance vision chart
 Near vision chart

5. Visual acuity tests
 Different types are:
Snellen test .
Random E’s/Tumbling E chart.
 Landolt’s Broken ring chart.
Optokinetic drum.
Landolt c chart .
Log MAR chart.

6. Snellen chart
 Construction
Each individual subtends an angle of
5’min of arc .
Each component subtends an of
1’min of arc at the nodal point of the
eye.
In snellen a series of black capital
letter on white background arranged
in progressively & diminishing the
size.

7. Snellen chart

8. Measurement of visual acuity for
distance
 To measure the visual acuity the
chart and patient distance should be
6meteror 20feets.
 This distance can be applicable with
3m or 10feets with the help of mirror.

9. Contd…..
 All visual acuity measurement can
maintain the distance of 6m because ll
rays of light coming from infinity will start
at 6m distance .
 Visual acuity always has standard notation
which starts from 6/6 to 6/60
 METER: 6/6, 6/9, 6/12, 6/18, 6/24,
6/30,
6/ 36, 6/ 60 .
 FOOTS: 20/20, 20/30, 20/ 40, 20/60,

10. Landolt’s broken ring chart
 This is similar construction to the
snellen .
 Instead of letter the broken circle are
used.
 Each ring subtends an angle of 5’min
of arc.
 This chart commonly used for
illeterate people by asking the gap of
broken ring

11. Tumbling E chart

12. Log MAR chart

13. Near vision chart
 Jaeger’s chart
 Notation chart
 Snellen visual acuity chart

14. Measurement of visual
acuity for near
 The test distance commonly used for near
distance is25 to 30cm from the eye
 All near charts are printer type arranged
in decrease order
 The commonly used charts are jaeger’s
chart
 In jaeger’s chart the printer font size
decreases from 1st to 7th line
 The order is below N36, N18 ,N12, N10,
N8, N6

15. Age group
 Infants (birth-14month)
 Toddlers(14month-2years)
 Pre-schoolers(2year-5year)
 School going children(5year-15year)

16. PEDIATRIC TEST OF
VISUAL ACUITY

17. Catford drum test

18. Hundred and thousand
sweet test

19. Visually Evoked
Potential(VEP)

20. The cardiff card test

21. Isolated hand figure test

22. Lea symbol chart

23. Preferential looking
test for vision

25. Dot visual acuity testing

26. Sheridan-gardiner HOTV
test

27. THANK YOU