This document provides an overview of various grinding operations and processes. It describes how grinding is used to machine hard materials by producing a smooth surface with minimal surface pressure. The types of grinding operations discussed include rough and precision grinding, as well as specific processes like surface grinding, cylindrical grinding, centerless grinding, form and profile grinding, and plunge cut grinding. Electrochemical grinding is also summarized as a process that removes metal primarily through electrolysis rather than abrasion.

1. Grinding Operation
By: Parth Gajjar
116170319007
Submitted by:
Prof. G.R. Khunt
Prof. G.S. Patel
Institute
Govt. Polytechnic A’bad

2. INTRODUCTION TO GRINDING PROCESS
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It is the only economical method of cutting hard
material like hardened steel.
It produces very smooth surface , suitable for
bearing surface.
Surface pressure is minimum in grinding. It is
suitable for light work,which will spring away from
the cutting tool in the other machining processes.

3. Grinding operation

4. Types of grinding operation
1. Ruff or precision Grinding
a) Snagging
b) Off-hand
2. Precision Grinding
a) Surface grinding
b) Cylindrical grinding
c) Center less grinding
d) Form and profile grinding
e) Plunge cut grinding

5. Grinding Process
Grinding is an abrasive machining process that uses
a grinding wheel as the cutting tool.

6. Surface Grinding
Surface grinding uses a rotating abrasive wheel to remove
material, creating a flat surface.

7. Cylindrical Grinding
Cylindrical grinding (also called center-type grinding) is used
to grind the cylindrical surfaces and shoulders of the
workpiece.
1. External cylindrical grinding
2. Internal cylindrical grinding

8. External cylindrical grinding

9. Internal cylindrical grinding
Internal grinding is used to grind the internal diameter of the
workpiece. Tapered holes can be ground with the use of
internal grinders that can swivel on the horizontal.

10. Centerless grinding

11. Form and profile grinding
Form grinding is a specialized type of cylindrical grinding
where the grinding wheel has the exact shape of the final
product. The grinding wheel does not traverse the workpiece.

12. Plunge cut grinding
Infeed (Plunge) Grinding is used to
grind workpieces which have
projections or shoulders, multiple
diameters or other irregular shapes
which preclude the use of through
feed grinding.
For example :- Grinding of crank shaft.

13. Electrochemical grinding

14. Electrochemical grinding
 The wheels and workpiece are electrically conductive.
 Wheels used last for many grindings - typically 90% of
the metal is removed by electrolysis and 10% from the
abrasive grinding wheel.
 Capable of producing smooth edges without the burrs
caused by mechanical grinding.
 Does not produce appreciable heat that would distort
workpiece.
 Decomposes the workpiece and deposits them into the
electrolyte solution. The most common electrolytes
are sodium chloride and sodium nitrate at
concentrations of 2 lbs. per gallon