The document details the specifications and operational principles of a shaper machine, which produces flat surfaces via a reciprocating cutting tool. It outlines various types of shapers, their components, driving mechanisms, and the machining processes they perform, including horizontal, vertical, and angular shaping. Additionally, it compares shapers to slotting machines, highlighting design differences and application contexts.

2. Shaping Machine is also called
Shaper
2

3. A Machine which
produces flat surfaces
A Ram holding the
Tool reciprocates
Work is fed
perpendicular to the
tool
3

4. B
A
In the shaper, the cutting tool
has a reciprocating motion, and
it cuts only during the forward
stroke.
Cutting Tool repeatedly travels
along line A B
Work is fed a small distance
each time
⦁ Feed of work & line of tool
motion are in same plane but
perpendicular
4

5. The tool line eventually
reaches position C D
Combination of two
movements results in the
flat plane ABCD being
machined
5

6. Basic types:
6
🞄 Horizontal Shaper
🞄 Vertical Shaper
🞄 Traveling head Shaper

7. Horizontal shaper:
7
🞄 Ram holding the cutting tool moves In horizontal plane
Vertical shaper:
🞄 The cutting tool moves in vertical plane
Traveling head shaper:
🞄 Cutting tool reciprocates & moves cross wise
simultaneously.

8. HORIZONTAL
SHAPERS
1. Acc. to Cutting
Action of Stroke
2. Acc. to the
Table Design
3. Acc. to Driving
Mechanism
8

9. b) Geared type
c)M
H
305
y
.23
draulic 9
a) Push Type Shaper
1. Acc. to Cutting
Stroke action
b) Draw Type Shaper
a) Standard Shaper
b) Universal Shaper
a) Crank type
2. Acc. to the
Table Design:
3. Acc. to Driving
Mechanism:
Shaper

10. ⦁ Metal is removed when the ram moves away from column
⦁ Most common type used in practice
⦁ Unless otherwise specified, the term shaper refers to Push
type Shaper
10

11. ⦁ Metal is removed when the tool is drawn towards the column
⦁ Allows heavier cuts to be made
⦁ Less vibration during cutting
11

12. Standard shaper
Work Table can be moved
Vertically & Horizontally. it
cannot swivelled or tilted.
12
Universal
shaper
Table can be
moved
Horizontally
Vertically
Swivelled &
Tilted
This is mostly used
in Tool Rooms

13. Crank type shaper:
13
🞄 Driving mechanism is by crank and a slotted lever quick return
motion mechanism is used to give reciprocating motion to the ram.
🞄 The crank is adjustable and is arranged inside the body of bull
gear.
Geared type shaper:
🞄 Driven by Rack & Pinion mechanism
Hydraulic shaper:
• Driven by oil pressure developed by a pump, which is run by an
electric motor.
• It is more efficient than the crank and geared type shapers.

14. 14

15. BASE
COLUMN
RAM
CROSS RAIL
TABLE
TOOL
15

16. 1. BASE
2. COLUMN
3. RAM
4. TABLE
16
5. CROSS RAIL
6. SADDLE
7. TOOL HEAD
8. CLAPPER BOX

17. Constructional details of a shaper
BASE
TABLE
TOOL HEAD
RAM
RAM CLAMP
CLUTCH
COLUMN
17
TOOL POST
CROSS RAIL
BASE

18. 1. Base
⦁ Bottom most part
⦁ Supports other parts of the machine
⦁ Acts as a reservoir of lubricating oil
⦁ Made of Cast Iron
BASE
18

19. Vertically mounted on
the base
Houses Driving
Mechanism of Ram
Has guide ways on
which Ram slides
Made of Cast Iron
COLUMN
19

20. g
The main moving
part of a Shaper
It carries Tool Head
Connected to Drivin
Mechanism
R A M
20

21. A box like casting with
T-slots on its top
Shaper vice is fitted in
the T-slots
Work is fixed in the
vice
TABLE
21

22. Used to move the
Table Up & Down
Upward movement is
controlled by an
Elevating Screw
Side movement is
controlled by lead
screw
CROS
S
RAIL
22

23. It is mounted on cross rail
It supports the Table
Moves across the cross
rail left to right
Movement obtained by a cross feed screw
SADDLE
CROSS RAIL
23

24. TOOL HEAD
TOOL POST
24
It is attached to the
front end of Ram
Carries Clapper box &
Tool post on it
Can be swiveled at any
angle on either side
CLAPPER BOX

25. It is hinged to the tool
head
It houses clapper block
Swings outward in
return stroke
Tool post mounted on
clapper block
CLAPPE
R
BOX
25

26. • Max. length of Stroke of Ram
• Type of Drive
• Power input
• Floor Space required
• Weight of the Machine
• Cutting to Return Stroke ratio
• Feed
• Size of table
• Maximum horizontal and vertical travel of the table
26

27. Shaper drive Mechanism changes rotary motion of
power source (Electric motor) to reciprocating
motion of Ram.
Material removal (cutting) of work piece takes place
in the forward stroke of ram.
The return stroke of the ram does no cutting,
hence is called Idle stroke.
The Ram with cutting tool has to move slowly in
cutting stroke.
27

28. •Since return stroke does no cutting the ram
should move faster during return stroke.
•The shaper drive system incorporates quick
return mechanism. So that the ram moves faster
during return stroke
•Thus minimizing the (idle time) Quick Return
time.
28

29. ⦁ Machining Horizontal Surfaces
⦁ Machining Vertical Surfaces
⦁ Machining Angular Surfaces
⦁ Cutting Slots, Grooves & Key ways
⦁ Machining irregular surfaces
⦁ Machining Splines / Cutting Gears
29

30. Work is properly held in a vice
Table is raised to a gap of 25 to 30 mm between
tool & work
The length & position of stroke are adjusted
The length of stroke should be nearly 20 mm
longer than the work
30

31. The approach & over run should be 10 & 5 mm
respectively.
Depth of cut is adjusted by rotating down the feed
screw of tool head
Feed is adjusted about half the width of cutting
edge of tool
31

32. ⦁ Fix the work properly on the table
⦁ Adjust the length of stroke
⦁ Set the required cutting speed
⦁ Give required feed of the table
⦁ Fix an appropriate tool in the tool head
⦁ Give suitable depth of cut for rough cuts
⦁ Finishing the job by giving less depth of cut
32

33. 33

34. Fix up the job on the table firmly
Align the surface to be machined properly
Fix up a side cutting tool in the tool head
Set the vertical slide exactly at zero
Swivel the apron away from the job
Switch on the machine
Rotate down feed screw by hand to give down
feed
Feed in about 0.25 mm
34

35. 35

36. Angular shaping is carried out to machine inclined
surfaces, bevelled, dove tail etc.,
Set the work on the table
Swivel the vertical slide of tool head to the required
angle ( to the left or right)
Set apron away from work
Give down feed as per requirement
36

37. 37

38. ⦁ Fix up a square nose tool in tool head
⦁ Adjust the length & position of stroke
⦁ Reduce the cutting speed
⦁ Give suitable depth of cut
⦁ Feed the work properly to get equal splines
38

39. 39

40. ⦁ Fix up the job between two centres
⦁ Cut first spline similar to a key way
⦁ Move / Rotate work by the required amount
⦁ Use index plate for this purpose
40

41. 41

42. 42

43. Fix up a forming tool in tool post
Give cross feed in conjunction with down feed
Swivel the apron suitably according to the
contour required
43

44. WORK
T
O
O
L
44

45. and can be readily changed from
one job to another.
The work can held easily.
The single point tools used are
in inexpensive;
🞄 Advantages 🞄 Limitations
🞄 The set up is very quick and easy 🞄 By nature is a slow machine
⦁ These tools can be easily
grounded to any desired shape.
Lower first cost.
The cutting stroke has a definite
stopping point.
⦁ Because lower cutting forces,
thin and fragile jobs can be
conventionally machined on
shapers.
because of its straight line,
forward and return stroke. The
single point tool requires several
strokes to complete a work.
The cutting speeds are not
usually very high speeds of
reciprocating motion due to high
inertia forces developed in the
motion of the units and
components of the machine.
Owing to these reasons the
shaper does not find ready
adaptability for assembly and
production line.

46. Shaper Driving Mechanisms
46
•Whitworth quick return mechanism
•Slotted link quick return mechanism
•Hydraulic quick return mechanism

47. Quick Return Mechanism
Q.R.M
47

48. Whitworth Quick Return Mechanism
48

49. Whitworth Quick Return Mechanism
49

50. Whitworth Quick Return Mechanism
50

51. Whitworth Quick Return Mechanism
51

52. Crank BC revolves at a uniform speed.
During cutting stroke point C travels from Y to X through Z.
Ram returns at high speed as the crank rotates from X to Y
through T.
Then:
Time for cutting stroke = 360 - Ø Time for return
stroke Ø
Since Ø is smaller than 360 – Ø, the time for cutting is more than
the idle time.
Stroke length can be changed by varying the radius AE
52
Whitworth Quick Return Mechanism

53. Crank & Slotted Link
53

54. 54

55. BULLGEAR
BULLGEAR SLIDING
BLOCK
CRANK PIN
BULLGEA
R SLIDE
LEAD SCREW
BEVEL GEARS
ROCKER ARM
SLIDING BLOCK
55

56. Driving Pinion
lever
Ram Bev
Bull gear Slide
Ram
Block Slotted
Lever
Bull gear
Sliding block
Crank pin
Lever
Sliding block
Lead
Screw
Bull Gear
Pivot
Bevel Gears

57. Crank pin(11) is fitted in
the slotted link(9)
Bottom end of slotted
link (rocker arm) is
attached to frame of
column(15)
Its upper end is
connected to ram(2).
57

58. Electric motor drives pinion (1)
Pinion (1) drives the bull gear(14)
A Radial slide (16) is bolted at the centre of bull gear.
Radial slide carries a sliding block(12) & a crank pin (11)
As the bull gear 14 rotates, crank pin 11 rotates.
So sliding block 12 also rotates on the crank pin circle.
Simultaneously crankpin will move up & down in the slot of the
slotted link 9.
58

59. As the crank pin11 moves,
slotted link 9 gets rocking
movement.
This rocking movement is
communicated to the ram.
Thus the rotary motion of
the bull gear is converted to
reciprocating motion of the
ram.
59

60. P
M N
K
O
L
C2
C1
60

61. When the link is in the
position PM, ram will be at
the extreme backward
position.
When it is at PN, ram is at
extreme forward position.
P
M N
K
O
L
C2
C1
61

62. PM&PN are tangents drawn to
the crank pin circle.
Forward cutting stroke takes
place through the angle C1K C2
Return stroke takes place
through the angle C2 L C1
of the crank.
It is evident that angle C2K C1
is greater than C2 L C1 P
M N
K
O
L
C
2
C
1
62

63. M N
K
O
C2
C1
L
P
•Angular velocity of crank pin is constant.
•So Return stroke is completed in a shorter time.
•Therefore it is known as quick return motion.
63

64. C2LC1
⦁ Cutting time : Return time ratio
⦁ usually varies bet 2 : 1.
⦁ Practical limit is 3 : 2
M N
K
O
L
Cutting time : Return stroke = Angle C1KC2
: Angle
C2
C1
64

66. Quick return in the hydraulic shaper is accomplished by increasing the flow
of hydraulic oil during the return stroke.
In the hydraulic shaper the ram is connected to the hydraulic cylinder which
is controlled by means of a 4 way valve.
The hydraulic fluid is pumped to the hydraulic cylinder through 4 way valve;
this valve is connected to the sump.
The 4 way valve controls the direction of high pressure fluid into the cylinder
and controls the direction of motion, either the cutting stroke or return
stroke.

67. The flow control valve controls the flow rate of the hydraulic fluid
thereby controlling the speed at which ram moves.
Since the power available remains constant throughout, it is possible
to utilize the full capacity of the cutting tool during the cutting stroke
The starting and stopping of the machine is achieved by through a
finger operator lever.
An adjustable trip dog operated lever controls the operation of 4 way
valve to control the ram reversible.
The return or idle stroke is faster than the cutting stroke because of
the smaller area in the return side of the cylinder if constant volume
pump is used.

68. The cutting stroke has a more constant velocity and less
vibration is induced in the hydraulic shaper.
The cutting speed is generally shown on an indicator and
does not require calculation.
Both the cutting stroke length and its position relative to
the work may be changed quickly without stopping the
machine.
The hydraulic feed operates while the tool is clear of work.
More strokes per minute can be achieved by consuming
less time for reversal and return strokes.

69. The stopping point of the cutting stroke in a hydraulic shaper
can vary depending upon the resistance offered to cutting by
the work material.
It is more expensive compared to the mechanical shaper.

70. Work should be properly & firmly fixed on the
Shaper table
70
Work is fixed on the table by 3 methods.
• Using a Swivel Vice
• Using T bolts & Clamps
• Using Angle plate & C Clamps

72. 72

73. 73

84. Cutting speed is defined as the average linear speed in
stroke in m/mm, which depends on the number of ram
stokes(or ram cycles) per minute and the length of stroke.
⦁ The number of double strokes or cycles of the ram/min
⦁ N= the number of double strokes or cycles of the ram
⦁ L=length of the ram stroke, mm
⦁ K= return stroke time
⦁ Where k=2/3, 3/4
Vc = NL(1+k)/1000 m/mm

85. The feed is the relative motion of the work piece in a
direction perpendicular to the axis of reciprocating of the
ram.
Feed is given to the work piece.
Depth of cut d is the thickness of the material removed in one
cut,in mm.

86. The machining time
the time required to complete one double
stroke, from cutting speed Vc is given by
With a feed of f mm/double stroke, number of
strokes required to machine a surface of width B
will be Ns=B/f
t = L(1+K)/1000Vc

87. Hence total machining the surface of width B will be
t = LB(1+K)/1000Vcf
In terms of ram strokes N, the time for machining the surface
is given by
Ns=B/fN min
Machine time
tm = B/f ((L/Vc*1000)+(L /Vr *1000)
Where B= width of the job mm f = feed mm/ stroke
l = length of stroke, mm
Vc = Cutting speed
Vr = return stroke speed mm/min

88. ⦁Slotting machine

89. Slotting machine is also called as Slotter
89

90. CROSS
SLIDE
SADDLE
90

91. 91

92. • A Machine which produces flat surfaces
• A Ram holding the Tool reciprocates
• Ram reciprocates in vertical direction
• Work is fed perpendicular to the tool
92

93. Cutting Tool repeatedly travels
along line A B
Work is fed a small distance each
time
Feed of work & line of tool
motion are in same plane but
perpendicular
93

94. The tool line eventually
reaches position C D
Combination of two
movements results in the flat
plane ABCD being machined
94

95. ⦁ Work is supported on a rotary table.
⦁ Table can have longitudinal and rotary movements
⦁ Straight and rotary cuts can be produced.
95

96. According to design and purpose the slotters
are classified into two types
96
1. Puncher Slotter
2. Precision tool room Slotter
Puncher slotter:
🞄 Intended for removing large amount of metal from heavy
works.
heavy and rigid machine
Ram driven by rack and spiral pinion mechanism used
for machining large castings and forgings
🞄
🞄
🞄

98. Precision tool room slotter:
98
• Used for tool room work, where accuracy important
• Lighter in construction
• Fitted with quick return mechanism
• Operates at high speeds and designed for light cuts
• Gives accurate finish
• Suitable for small to medium size work pieces

99. Difference between vertical shaper and Slotter
99
•in vertical shaper the tool holding ram can tilt by
about 100 with respect to vertical axis
•In slotter ram cannot tilt at all.
•In all other aspects vertical shaper and slotter are
similar

100. Having known the Working Principle we
will now look at :
10
0
M305.30
⦁ The Constructional Details of a slotting Machine
⦁ Function of each part
⦁ Specifications of a slotter

101. BASE
CIRCULAR
TABLE
COLUMN
RAM
CROSS SLIDE
SADDLE
TOOL HEAD
T-SLOTS
10
1
M305.30

102. 10
2
M305.30

103. 10
3

104. 1. Base
2. Column
3. Ram
4. Table
10
4
5. Cross slide
6. Saddle
7. Tool head

105. 1. Base
10
5
Bottom most part
Supports other parts of the machine
Acts as a reservoir of lubricating oil
Made of Cast Iron
Contd..

106. ⦁ Rigidly built to take up cutting forces
⦁ Top of bed is accurately finished
⦁ Guide ways are provided for saddle
⦁ Guide ways are perpendicular to column face
10
6

107. Vertically mounted on
the base
Houses Driving
Mechanism of Ram
Has guide ways on
which Ram slides
Made of Cast Iron
Also houses feeding
mechanism
COLUMN
10
7

108. Reciprocating vertically up
and down of a slotter
Mounted on guide ways of
column
It carries Tool Head / cutting
tool
Connected to Driving
Mechanism
An arrangement is provided
on the body of ram to
change length of stroke
R A M
10
8
M305.30

109. ⦁ It holds the work piece.
🞄 A circular casting with
T-slots on its top
Movement of table
can be linear or rotary
Table is graduated in
degrees so indexing
can be done
Slotter vice may be
fitted in the T-slots
Work may be fixed
in the vice
Operated manually or
by power
TABLE
10
9

110. It is mounted on guide ways of bed
It can be moved towards or away from bed
Using saddle longitudinal feed is given
Top is accurately finished to provide guide ways
for cross slide
These guide ways are perpendicular to the guide
on the base
Operated either manually or by power
11
9

111. ⦁ Circular work-table is mounted on the top.
⦁ Mounted on guide ways of saddle
⦁ Moves parallel to the face of the column
⦁ Using cross slide cross feed is given
⦁ Operated either manually or by power
11
1

112. It is attached to the bottom end of Ram
Carries Tool post on it
Tool is fixed in position
No swiveling along verticle axis or horizontal
axis
11
2

113. ⦁ Max. length of Ram Stroke
⦁ Diameter of work table in mm.
⦁ Type of Drive
⦁ Maximum table travel.
⦁ Power input
⦁ Floor Space required
11
3

115. 115
A Slotting machine produces flat surfaces
The Ram holding the Tool reciprocates vertically up
and down
Cuts the material only in down stroke
There should be some mechanism to move the ram in
reciprocating motion
It is called as slotter driving mechanism
The mechanism commonly used is slotted disc
mechanism

116. 11
6

117. 117
⦁ A Mechanism makes the ram to move slowly during
cutting stroke.
⦁ During return stroke ram moves at a faster rate.
⦁ To reduce the idle time,It Should return quickly .
⦁ The mechanism adopted is known as QRM

118. 1. Whitworth Q.R.M. Mechanism
2. Variable speed reversible motor drive mechanism
3. Hydraulic drive Mechanism
The mechanisms for QRM in slotter are similar to
QRM in shaper
118

119. In Slotter feed is given by table
Feed movement is intermittent
Feed is given at the beginning of the cutting stroke
Feed may be given either manually or by power
Table will have three types of feed movements
a. longitudinal
b. cross and
c. circular feeds.
Contd…
11
9

120. Longitudinal feed:
•Table is fed perpendicular to the column
•Table moves towards or away from the column
Cross feed:
•Table is fed parallel to the face of the column
Circular feed:
• table is rotated with respect to
verticle axis
12
9

121. Feed shaft
12
1

122. Uses a ratchet and pawl mechanism
Feed shaft engaged with cross, longitudinal /
rotary feed screws has the ratchet mounted on it.
Ratchet is moved by small amount in one direction
only with the help of a connecting rod, lever.
The roller moves in the cam groove cut on the face
of the bull gear of slotting machine.
122

123. 1. Machining flat surfaces
2. Machining Circular Surfaces
3. Machining internal surfaces
4. Machining grooves or key ways
123

124. Work is properly held in a vice
Table is raised to a gap of 25 to 30 mm between
tool & work
The length & position of stroke are adjusted
The length of stroke should be nearly 20 mm
longer than the work
Contd…
124

125. The approach & over run should be 10 & 5 mm
respectively.
Depth of cut is adjusted by rotating down the feed
screw of tool head
Feed is adjusted about half the width of cutting
edge of tool
125

126. ⦁ Fix the work properly on the table
⦁ Adjust the length of stroke
⦁ Set the required cutting speed
⦁ Give required feed of the table
⦁ Tool is held in the tool head of ram
⦁ Ram reciprocates up and down
126

127. ⦁ Feed has to be given at the beginning of cutting stroke
⦁ Both internal and external surfaces can be machined
⦁ Give suitable depth of cut for rough cuts
⦁ Finishing the job by giving less depth of cut
127

128. 128

129. ⦁ Tool is set radially on the work
⦁ Work piece is placed centrally on the rotary table
⦁ Feed is given by the rotary table feed screw
⦁ Feed screw rotates the table through an arc
⦁ Adjust the length of stroke
⦁ Set the required cutting speed
⦁ Finishing the job by giving less depth of cut
129

130. ⦁ Fix up a tool in tool post
⦁ Cross, longitudinal and rotary feed are combined
⦁ Any contoured surface can be machined
⦁ Mostly done manually
⦁ Good skill is required from operator
130

131. Slotter is specially intended for cutting internal
grooves
External or internal gear teeth can be machined
Fix up the job between two centers
Cut first a key way
Move / Rotate work by the required amount
Indexing can be done by using graduations on
rotary table
131

132. ⦁ Fix up the job between two centres
⦁ Cut first spline similar to a key way
⦁ Move / Rotate work by the required amount
⦁ Use index plate for this purpose
132

133. 133

134. Work should be properly & firmly fixed
on the Slotter table
134
Work is fixed on the table by 3 methods.
1. Using a Swivel Vice
2. Using T bolts & Clamps
3. Using Angle plate & C Clamps

135. Clamping the work on a Slotter is depicted in
the following Slides, one by one
135

136. 136

137. 137

138. ⦁ Planing machine

139. 139

140. 140

141. 141

142. 142

143. A Machine which produces flat surfaces
Consists a stationary housing for holding the tools
A table holding the work reciprocates
Large works, that con not be accommodate on
shapers
The tool is stationary but the work moves
143

144. The table on which work
is clamped is imparted a
reciprocating movement
Cutting takes place during
the forward stroke of
table
During return stroke the
cutting tool is slightly
lifted
Tool is fed for each
forward stroke
WORK
T
O
O
L
Work is fixed on
Table
144

145. ⦁ Table is driven by an electric motor
⦁ Length of table stroke can be adjusted
⦁ Speed of return stroke is also regulated
145

146. 146

147. 1. Double housing Planer
2. Open side Planer
3. Pit type Planer
4. Edge Planer or Plate Planer
5. Divided Table Planer
147

148. ⦁ It is the Standard model & most widely used
⦁ Very heavy and robust
⦁ Has a bed and two vertical housings are fixed
⦁ Table moves along the guide ways of the bed
⦁ Housing supports cross rail & tool heads.
⦁ Cross rail carries two tool heads
⦁ Tool head carries tools
148

149. 149

150. ⦁ It has only one supporting column (housing)
⦁ Area larger than the table can be planed
⦁ Cross rail is mounted as a Cantilever
⦁ Tool holders are mounted on Cross rail
⦁ Stroke length of bed is controlled by adjustable dogs
150

152. Columns and cross rail carrying tool head move
longitudinally on massive rail above the work table
Bed is recessed in the floor
Loading and unloading of jobs is easy
Used for Planing heavy & large jobs
Table and work piece resting on it are stationary and
the tool reciprocates
152

153. Specially designed for squaring or beveling the edges of
heavy steel plates for pressure vessels
Carriage supporting the tool is movedback
and front
direction
Cutting can take place during both directions of carriage
travel
Operator stands on the platform & operates
153

154. Also known as Tandem planer
Planer has two tables on the bed
Table may be reciprocated together or separately
Each table reciprocates under different tool head
For continuous production, small work pieces
clamped on one table are being machined, another
is stationary and can be used for setting up fresh
works
Used for quick & continuous production
154

155. TABLE
COLUMN
CROSS
RAIL
TOOL HEADS
155
Feed
Mechanis
m
BED

156. 1. Bed
2. Table
3. Housing or Column
4. Cross rail
5. Tool heads
6. Driving Mechanism
7. Feed Mechanism
156

157. TOOL HEADS
TABLE
COLUMN
CROSS MEMBER
COLUMN
CROSS
RAIL
Feed
Mechanism
BED
157

158. 158

159. 159

160. ⦁ Large box like casting
⦁ Length is nearly twice the table length
⦁ Consists guide ways on which table moves
⦁ Houses the driving mechanism of table
⦁ Made of Cast Iron
160

161. ⦁ Also called Platen
⦁ Large rectangular casting mounted on bed ways
⦁ Holds the work & reciprocates along bed ways
⦁ Top surface has T slots
⦁ Work is clamped on T slots
161

162. Large vertical
structures on each side
of the bed
Supports cross rail on
which tool heads are
mounted
Also supports the
mechanism for
operating the tool
heads
Made of Cast Iron
162

163. ⦁ A rigid casting mounted horizontally on the column
⦁ Can be moved up & down by elevating screw
⦁ Carries two slides with tool heads
⦁ Tool heads can be moved horizontally on the guide
ways of cross rail
163

164. Contains tool posts for holding the tools
Tool post (clapper block) is hinged to the head
During return stroke cutting tool will be lifted
Tool heads can be swiveled through 60º on either
side of its vertical position
164

165. 1. Distance between the two housings
2. Height between Table & cross rail at its
uppermost position
3. Maximum length of table travel
4. Number of Speeds & feeds available
165

166. 5. Power input
6. Floor space required
7. Type of Drive
8. Net weight of the Machine
166

167. A Planing Machine produces flat surfaces
The Table holding the Work reciprocates
There should be some mechanism to move the
Table in reciprocating motion, and
Table to move quick during idle stroke
167

168. 1. Open & Cross belt drive
2. Reversible motor drive
3. Hydraulic drive
168

169. Loose Pulley Fast
Pulle
y
Pulleys on Shaft
Open belt
Counter
Shaft
Cross belt
Belt
shifter
9,12 Loose Pulleys
10,11Fast Pulleys
Rack
19 - Table
18. Trip dog
17. Belt shifter
lever
13- Bull gear
shaft
14- Bull gear
Change gears
Feed disc
169

170. Used for smaller capacity machines
Table is moved by gears & rack attached under
the table
Counter shaft at the top of housing has 2 pulleys
These Pulleys transfer power to main shaft(Driving)
Main shaft drives the table by rack & pinion
170

171. 2 Sets of fast & loose pulleys are mounted on driving
shaft at one end and pinion is on another end
RETURN STROKE:
Smaller fast pulley is used for backward motion of table
(Quick motion)
It is connected by open belt drive
The open belt passes over small fast pulley to get
Quick
return
The Cross belt is on loose pulley so it will not drive
171

172. FORWARD STROKE:
Bigger fast pulley is driven by cross belt drive
It is used to drive the table during cutting stroke
Open belt is on loose pulley
At the end of cutting stroke, cross belt is shifted from fast
pulley to loose pulley
Simultaneously open belt is shifted from loose pulley to fast
pulley
This is achieved by trip dog which operates belt shifting lever
Thus the direction of movement is automatically reversed
172

173. 173

174. Electric motor drives the bull gear through gear
trains
Motor is coupled to D.C. generator
When motor is started, generator supplies power
to reversible motor
174

175. Reversible motor causes the planer table to move
At the end of stroke, trip dog operates the switch
which reverses the direction of table
Speed of cutting stroke is reduced by regulating
the field current of the generator
175

176. A.C.drivin
g motor
ter
176
Generator
Reversibl
e motor Motor
field
resistance
Motor
field
Generator field Reversing switch

177. TABLE
Operating Cylinder
Speed
177
Control

178. ⦁ During cutting stroke,
oil is pumped into LHS
of cylinder
As the area is less due
to presence of piston
rod, less force acts
So the table moves
slowly in cutting stroke
At the end of each
stroke trip dog
operates a lever
Lever actuates the
control valve of circuit
TABLE
178

179. ⦁ Oil is pumped into the
Operating cylinder
Cylinder contains
piston & piston rod
The other end of
piston rod is
connected to the Table
During return stroke,
oil is pumped into RHS
of cylinder
More force acts on the
piston & it moves
quickly
TABLE
179

180. Flow of oil is changed from one side to the other
side of cylinder
The length of stroke can be varied by adjusting the
distance between trip dogs
180

181. 1.Planing Horizontal Surfaces
2. Planing Vertical Surfaces
3. Planing Angular Surfaces / Dovetails
4. Planing Curved surfaces
5. Planing Slots, key ways & Grooves
181

182. 🞄 Fix the work properly on the table
🞄 Set the required cutting speed
🞄 Give required feed of the tool
🞄 Give suitable depth of cut for rough cuts
🞄 Finishing the job by giving less depth of cut
182

183. WORK
PLANER TABLE
Planing Horizontal Surfaces
TOOL
183
CLAPPER BLOCK

184. ⦁ Fix the job on the table firmly
⦁ Align the surface to be machined properly
⦁ Vertical side is adjusted perpendicular to the table
⦁ Swivel the apron away from the job
⦁ Switch on the machine
⦁ Rotate down feed screw by hand to give down feed
184

185. WORK
PLANER TABLE
185

186. Main angular planing is to make dove tails & V
grooves
Set the work on the table
Swivel the tool head to the required angle
Set apron away from work
Give down feed as per requirement
186

187. 187

188. Fix up a square nose tool in tool head
Required form is obtained by feeding the tool
simultaneously in both hor. & ver. Directions
Give suitable depth of cut
This can also be done with the aid of a special
fixture
188

189. T
O
O
L
WORK
PLANER TABLE
Planing Formed
Surfaces
189

190. Fix up the job on the table suitably
Fix Slotter tools in tool heads
Give feed using down feed screw
Move the tool by the required amount to get
uniform slots / grooves
190

191. PLANER TABLE
191
WORK

192. 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
A comparatively lighter and cheaper machine.
Requires less floor area.
Tool reciprocates horizontally Work is
stationary during cutting.
Very heavy cuts and coarse feeds cannot be
employed.
Clamping of work is simple and easy.
7. Usually one tool is used on a shaper.
8. Used for machining small size work piece
comparatively
Shaper
Planer
Heavier, more rigid costlier machine.
Requires more floor area.
Work reciprocates horizontally. Tool is
stationary during cutting.
Heavier cuts and coarse feeds can be
employed.
Work setting requires much of skill and
take longer time.
Several tools can be mounted and
employed simultaneously, usually four as a
maximum facilitating a faster rate of
production.
Used for machining large size work pieces.