The document provides an outline of topics for an Honors Spanish 2 grammar book, including the use of verbs like ser and estar, verbs like gustar, hacer expressions, the preterite and imperfect tenses, direct and indirect object pronouns, the future tense, commands, reflexive verbs, and the difference between saber and conocer. It lists over 30 grammar topics and includes example sentences for several topics like ser/estar, gustar verbs, irregular preterite verbs, and reflexive pronouns.

1. Michael ButzHonors Spanish 2Grammar Book

2. Table of ContentsSerEstarVerbs Like GustarHacer ExpressionsPretéritoTrigger WordsCar Gar ZarSpock VerbsCucaracha VerbsSnakes and SnakeysCommandsDOP’sIrregular TV DishesIOP’sSe ImpersonalPast Participles as adjectivesEl futuro and ir+a+infinitiveDemonstrative AdjectivesDemonstrative PronounsImperfect Tense + irregualrsLos MandatosInformal + irregulars Formal + IrregularsDOP + IOP PlacementModal VerbsReflexivesSaber vs. Conocer

3. SER-(Permanent)DescriptionsOriginCharacteristicsTimeOccupationRelationshipsPossessionsEventsDates(Quées?)(De dondees?)(Como es?)(Quéhoraes?)(QuéHace?)(Quienes?)(De quienes?)(Cuando/ Dondees?)(Quédiaeshoy? Cuales la fechahoy? Cuandoestucumpleanos?)Ser O EstarQuestions

4. Estar-(Temporary) Health Emotions LocationsPresent condition I Ar- Ando N Er/Ir- Endo G -Yendo(Como Estas? Bien/Mal)(Como Estas? Enojado)(DondeEstas?)(Como Está?){Quéestashaciendo?}Ser O Estar Cont…Questions

5. PronounsMe gusta(n)Te falta(n)Le duele(n)Nosfascina(n)Les molesta(n)Gustar- To likeFaltar- To failDoler(ue)- To hurtFascinar- To be fascinatedMolestar- To bother“N” attached to the word when it is pluralVerbs Like GustarVerbs

6. Hacer Expressions include verbs that are in present and past tenses.Present Tense » Since & ForPretérit Tense » AgoHacer Expressions

7. El Pretérito*Definite time in the past with beginning or ending*

8. Trigger words are words that come before a preterit verb.Ex: Ayer-(yesterday), Anteayer-(the day before yesterday), A lasocho-(at eight o’clock), El lunespasado-(last Monday), Etoneces-(tonight), Desde el primer momento-(from the first moment), Hace dos dias-(two days ago)Trigger Words

9. Irregular Verbs (Pretérito)Car Gar Zar

10. Hacer- HiceIr y Ser- FuiHicisteFuisteHizoFueHicimosFuimosHicieronFueronDar y Ver- (same ending)Dar- Di Ver- ViDisteVisteDioVioDimosVimosDieronVieronSpock Verbs

11. AndarAnduv- é-YoEstarEstuv- iste-TuPoderPud- ó-el/ellaPoner Pus- imos-nosQuererQuis- isties-vosSaber Sup- ieron-ellos/ellasTenerTuv-Vener Vin-ConducirConduj-ProducirProduj-TraducirTraduj-DecirDij- < drop “I” on the the endingsTraer Traj- < drop “I” on the the endingsCucaracha Verbs

12. Snakes- Preterite IrregularsDormir- Stem change in 3rd personDormiDormimosDormisteDormsteisDurmióDurmieronLeer- i to y in 3rd personLeíleímosLeísteleístesLeyoleyeronSnakes and SnakeysSnakeys

13. ProcessChange to yo form and add opposite vowelAdd DOP Precedes conjugated verbAttaches to verb whenInfinitiveAffirmative commandGerundEX: I ate the apple.Comíunamanzana.I ate it.La comí.Regular Commands

14. Direct object pronounsQuestion: What receives the action of the verb?Pronouns:Me NosteLo/los, la/las SeEx: Eat it.Lo comí.DOP’s

15. TengoT-tenga Irregulars commands are VenirV- venga verbs that conjugate differentlyDar D- de that the other command verbs.IrI- vayaSer S- seaHacerH- hagaEstarE- estéSaber S- sepaTV Dishes and Irregulars

16. Indirect object pronounsQuestion: To whom or for whom receives the verb?Pronouns:Me nosTe osLe(se) les(se)Ex: She gave it to me.Me lo dió.IOP’s

17. “Se” is a word that avoids specific ownership of something.“Se” is always used in the third person.Ex: Se compraunamanzana.“Se” can be used in all tenses.Ex: Se hizó mucho.Se hará mucho.Se habíahecho.Se impersonal

18. Past Participles as AdjectivesThey agree with the nouns in gender and number. Add “ado” to the end of “ar” verbs and add “ido” to the end of “ir” and “er”verbs.Ex: El pollocomido.OrEx: La manzana comida.

19. El FuturoIR+A+InfinitiveIn the future tense instead of conjugating the infinitive you and the conjugation onto the infinitive .Yo- Infinitive + éTú- Infinitive + ásEl- Infinitive + áNosotros- Infinitive + emosEllos- Infinitive + ánAdd the conjugated version of the ir that agrees with the sentence. Then add “a” and last add the infinitive of the verb in the sentence. María y Juan estudianhoy. Ex: Mañanaellosvan a estudiar.

20. Demonstrative Adjectives and PronounsThe pronouns point something out. They must agree in number and gender. To make a pronoun add an accent over the “e” .SingularEste/esta(this)Ese/Esa (that)Aquel/Aquella (that over there)PluralEstes/estas (these)Eses/Esas (those)Aquels/Aquellas (those over there)

21. Imperfect Tense They are used to show actions that are in progress.

22. Irregularpensar (to think) jugar(to play)PiensopensamosjuegojugamosPiensasjuegasPiensapiensanjuegajuegansentir (to feel) dormir(to sleep)SientosentimosduermodormimosSientesduermesSientesientenduermeduermenservir (to serve) SirvoservimosSirvesSirvesirven

23. Los MandatosInformal irregularsAFFIRMATIVEDi (decir)Haz (hacer)Ve (ir)Pon (poner)Sal (salir)Sé (ser)Ten (tener)Ven (venir)Formal irregularAffirmativePut into the tu formDrop the “s”NegativePut into the yoChange to the opposite vowelAdd an “s”NEGATIVE

24. Tengas (tener)

25. Vengas (venir)

26. Dés, digas (dar, decir)

27. Vayas (ir)