SP3H Linares 2014

1. Mi Libro de la
Gramática
Emilia Stuchlik

2. Preterite
A Snapshot in Time
Uses :
-AR Endings
-ER / -IR Endings

3. Preterite Irregulars
Cucaracha Verbs
eron
Snakey Verbs
Only changein the3rd
person
E-I
Preferir, Repetir, Venir, Servir
O-U
Dormir, Morir
E-Y
Leer, Creer
I-Y
Oir
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iFUAWMMdE7c

4. Preterite Irregulars
Spock Verbs – 5 Odd Balls

5. Imperfect
Continuous
Action
Uses :
-AR Endings-ER / -IR Endings
Notice the
“yo” and
“usted “
endings
are the
same

6. Irregulars in the Imperfect
SER IR
VER

7. Preterite and Imperfect Together
Interruption Background/ Ongoing Action
YoestabaenmicasacuandoJuanme
llamó

8. Practice
Nadamos
tomamos
Regresamos
leí
.me dormí
Había
estaban
almorzaban
servía
llovía

9. Por
USES :

10. Para
USES :

11. Por and Para Change the Meaning of a
Sentence
Practice
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fd0dlBZEw18

12. Stressed Possessive Adjectives
Must agree in
gender and number
Placed after nouns they
modify
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m4qLUHOSNFs

13. Extra

14. Stressed Possessive Adjectives
Ar t i cl e +
Noun + De +
Pr onoun/ Noun
Pr eceded by
ar t i cl e,
i ndef i ni t e
ar t i cl e, or
demonst r at i ve
adj ect i ve
“ El ” and
“ La” usual l y
omi t t ed wi t h

15. Possessive Pronouns

16. MANDATAS FORMALES Ud. +
Uds.
Ejemplos-
1) Drop the
final “o” in the
yo form
2) AR VERBS
Add –e or –en
3) ER/IR VERBS
Add -a or –an
With pronouns
AFFIR
M
ATIVE
Attach
to
com
m
and
Add
accentom
third
to
last
syllable
ifyou
add
one
syllable
and
on
the
fourth
to
lastif
you
add
two
(one
pronoun
or
two)
NEGATIVE
Place pronouns before
command
Do not add accents
CAR → QUE
GAR →GUE
ZAR → CE

17. MANDATOS FORMALES
IRREGULARES
ir-(formal)to go (vaya(n))
ser-(formal) to be (sea(n))
saber-(formal)to know (sepa(n))
estar-(formal) to be (esté(n))
dar -(formal) to give (dé(n))
jugar-(formal) to play (juegue(n))
llegar-(formal) (llegue(n))
buscar-(formal) (busque(n))
tocar-(formal) to touch (toque(n))
empezar -(formal) to start (empiece(n))
T V D I S H E S
TenerTener
TraerTraer
VenirVenir DarDar
DecirDecir
IrIr SalirSalir HacerHacer
HaberHaber
EstarEstar SerSer
Tenga
Traiga
Venga De
Dije
Vaya Salga Haga
Haya
Este Sea

18. EL SUBJUNTIVO
Used to express actions that are
uncertain or hypothetical
1) Will and Influence
2)Emotion
3)Doubt, disbelief, and denial
4) Indefiniteness and
nonexistence

19. SAME
CONJUGATION
AS FORMAL
COMMANDS BUT
INCLUDES
NOSOTROS/YO
TRIGGER...
EJEMPLO -
EL SUBJUNTIVO CONT.

20. Verbs of Will and Influence
Aconseja
r -
To
advise
Mandar -
To order
Importar -
To be
important
;to matter
Insistir
(en) -
To
insist
(on)
Rogar
(o-ue) -
To beg ;
to plead
Recomen
dar
(e-ie) -
To
recomme
nd
Prohibir
-
To
prohibit
Sugerir
(e-ie) -
To suggest

21. Subjunctive w/Verbs of Emotion

22. Subjunctive w/ Verbs of Doubt, Disbelief and Denial
Used when there is a
change in subject
(And the main clause implies
negation or uncertainty)
When to use just the
INDICATIVE?
There is no
doubt/uncertainty
que indicative
No negamos que hay
demasiados carros.
(We DON”T DENY =
affirmative)
Affirmative Sentence
Creer → Indicative
Negative Sentence
No Creer → Subjunctive
Que significa
PERHAPS =
DOUBT

23. Subjunctive w/Conjunctions
Use the infinitive after the prepositions
ANTES DE, PARA, and SIN when there
is no change in subject
Te llamamos el viernes antes
de salir de la casa
Te llamamos manana antes
de que salgas
Use the
subjunctive in
the subordinate
clause if the
main clause
expresses a
future action
or command
Use the
indicative if the
verb in the main
clause
expresses an
action that
habitually
happens or
happened in
the past
Conjunctions → Subjunctive
Antes de que
Para que
Sin que
Prepositions → Infinitive
(no
Antes de change in subject)
Para
P.S.
-ger > ja

24. EXTRA SUBJUNCTI VE
Keanu se alegra de
QUE la profe sea su
novia.
Irregulars

25. WEIRDOS

26. Subjunctive in Adjective
Clauses
The
subjunctive
is used in
an
adjective
clause that
refers to a
person,
thing, or
idea that
either does
not exist or
whose
existence is
uncertain
or
indefinite
The
indicative
is used
when the
adjective
clause
refers to a
person,
place,
thing, or
idea that
is clearly
known,
certain, or
definite

27. Subjunctive in Adjective
Clauses
Subjunctive

28. Tú Commands
Affirmative
Negative
Same as usted/ella/el 3rd
person form
(Tu Form, just drop the s!)
If adding one syllable with
attached pronouns place
accent on 3rd
to last syllable
If adding two syllables with
attached pronouns place
accent on 4th
to last syllable
1) Place in yo form
2) Drop final o
3) For -er verbs add
-as
For -ar add -es
* c a r →
q ue s
* g a r →
g ue s
* z a r c e s→

29. Nosotros Commands
*Used to give instructions to a group
including yourself and other people
(The equivalent of “let's...” in English)
Object pronouns are attached to affirmative nosotros commands
with an added accent on the 3rd
to last syllable.
Object pronouns are placed before the verb in negative form
-monos verbs, not
mosnos or mosse
Drop the
TVDISHES
Tengamos
Vengamos
Demos/Digamos
Vamos/No vayamos
Seamos
Hayamos/Hagamos
Estemos
Sepamos
Pedírselo →
Pidámoselo

30. Past ParticiplesUsed AsAdjectives
-ar-ar -ado-ado
-er/--er/-
irir
-ido-ido
Must agree in gender and
number of the noun its
modifying
Las puertas están abiertas.
Abrir
abierto
Decir
dicho
Resolver
resuelto
Cubrir
cubierto
Poner
puesto
Morir
muerto
Ir
ido
Romper
roto
Hacer
hecho
Escribir
escrito
Volver
vuelto
Ver
visto
IrregularesIrregulares
Commonly
used with the
verb ESTAR
Verbs with similar roots change to the irregular conjugations (describir – descrito/
descubrir- descubierto)

31. Present Perfect
AuxilaryAuxilary
verbverb
(HABER)(HABER)
PastPast
ParticipleParticiple
(ar = ado(ar = ado
er/ir = ido)er/ir = ido)
The present perfect tense is frequently used for
past actions that continue int o the present, or
continue to affect the person in the present
ConjugationsConjugations
hehe hemoshemos
hashas
haha hanhan
Always
in the
masculine
form
What someone HAS DONE
Haber and the past participle can
NEVER be separated
Hay ha habido (there→
has/have been)

32. Past Perfect
used to talk about what someone hadhad
donedone or what had occurredhad occurred before
another past action
ImperfectImperfect
form ofform of
HABERHABER
PastPast
ParticipleParticiple
habíahabía habíamoshabíamos
habíashabías
habíahabía habíanhabían
Always
Masculine/
Singular
* often used with
ANTES DE +
noun/infinitivenoun/infinitive

33. Future Tense
Infinitive + éé emosemos
ááss
áá ánán
4 Different Ways4 Different Ways
to Express theto Express the
FutureFuture
---------------------------------------------------
Present indicative
(Voy al cine)
Ir + a +infinitive
(Voy a ir)
Present subjunctive
(Ojalá que vaya)
Future
(Iré al cine)
Someone's willingness toSomeone's willingness to
do something :do something :
Querer + infinitive
Quieres llamarme, por favor?
Will you please call me?
FUTURE OF
PROBABILITY
I wonder, might, may , must
be,probably
Hay → HabráHay → Habrá
May follow in main
clause after :
CuandoCuando
DespuDespués (de) queés (de) que
En cuantoEn cuanto
Hasta queHasta que
Tan pronto comoTan pronto como

34. Conditional Tense
- to make polite requests
- to express the future in relation to a past
action/state of being (what WOULD happen)
- often used if the main verb is in one of the
past tenses/habitual action
- conditional of probability : I wondered if,
probably, must have been
Future Conditional
WOULDWOULD
COULDCOULD
SHOULDSHOULD
Me gustaría..
I would like...
íaía
íasías
íaía íanían
íamosíamos
(same
irregulars
as future
tense!!)

35. Past Subjunctive
.ra .ramos.ra .ramos
.ras.ras
.ra .ran.ra .ran
1) Put in third person preterite
2) Drop -ron
3) Add ra/ras/ra/ramos/ran
Nosotros/as always has an accent over
the last letter before -ramos
Same endings for all verbs
IRREGULAR PRETERITESIRREGULAR PRETERITES
= USE IRREGULAR= USE IRREGULAR
STEMS +STEMS +
ra/ras/ra/ramos/ranra/ras/ra/ramos/ran
Used in same context as
present subjunctive,
except usually talks
about things in the past.
Verb in main clause is
usually PRETERITE OR
IMPERFECT
Quisiera = to make polite requests