This document provides a summary of key Spanish 2 grammar concepts organized into sections for the first and second semesters. The first semester sections include topics like ser and estar verbs, gustar expressions, preterite tense, commands, and impersonal se. The second semester sections cover things like past participles, the future tense, demonstrative adjectives, modal verbs, and reflexives. The document uses examples, conjugations, and explanations to outline the essential information for each grammar concept.

1. Spanish 2 Grammar ConceptsBella Flaherty

2. Table of Contents- First QuarterSerEstarVerbs like GustarHacer ExpressionsEl Pretérito and Trigger WordsCar, Gar, y ZarSpock Cucaracha SnakeSnakeysAffirmative CommandsNegetive and Irregular CommandsDOPsIOPs Se Impersonal

3. 1. SerSERDescription, Origin, Characteristics, Time, Occupation, Relationship, Possession, Event, Date

4. Health2. EstarEmotionsLocationPresent ConditionPresent Participles.Rules:-ar to –ando

5. -er and –ir to –iendo or -yendo3. Verbs Like GustarThese verbs follow the same conjugation as gustar with doler having an e stem changer.Faltar- to lackDoler- to hurtFascinar- to fascinateMolestar- to botherEXPs: Tefaltapelo. Nosgustan los libros.

6. 4. Hacer Time ExpressionsPreterite Tense is ago. Example: Haceunasemanaquedesapareció.Present Tense is since and for. Example: Hacetresdiasque no tengoproblemas con Pablo.

7. 5. El Pretérito y Trigger Words It is a definite time in the past, and has a beginning or an ending.Trigger words that you could assume may deal with this are:Ayer

8. Anoche

9. El añopasado

10. La semanapasada

11. Ante ayerER5. El Pretérito Cont.IR

12. El Pretérito IrregularsThere are 3 main types of Irregular Pretérito verbs we have learned about. They are:Car, Gar, y Zar

13. Cucaracha

14. Spock6. Car, Gar, y Zar Irregulars

15. 7. Spock Irregulars!3 different groupings.The words in each grouping are conjugated the same way.The groupings are:IR y SERDAR y VERHACER

16. DARSERVERIRHACER7. SPOCK

17. 8. Cucaracha Endings for all are the same:

18. Andar- aduvEstar- estuvPoder- pudPoner- pusQuerer- quisSaber- supTener- tuvVenir- vinConducir- condujProducir- produjTraducir- tradujDecir- dijTraer- traj8. Cucaracha Verbs!

19. 9. SnakeIn the 3rd person, the stem change occurs.The stem change is to opposite vowel with the first vowel.

20. 10. SnakeysFollows same concept as SNAKE, but is more specific.In the 3rd person the stem change is the vowel “I” to the vowel “y”.Leer

21. 11. Affirmative Commands Steps:Put verb in ‘yo’ formChange to opposite vowel.Ar to e er/ir to a3. If plural add a ‘n’4. Then, add DOP to end ONLY IF POSITIVEExample: Comalo!

22. Tú Commands (Affirmative/Negative)

23. 12. Negetive CommandsSteps are same as affirmative except you may not add the DOP to the end of the verb. It must go before it.Example: Lo coma!

24. 12. Irregular CommandsTenga VERB IS TENERVenga VERB IS VENIRDe VERB IS DARI- Vaya VERB IS IRSea VERB IS SERHaga VERB IS HACEREste VERB IS ESTARSepa VERB IS SABER

25. 13. DOPsAnswers the question of what is receiving the direct action of the verb.DOPs are : lo, la, los, las, me, te, nos, seYou must have a DOP in order to have an IOP, however in a sentence you always put the IOP behind the DOP.

26. 14. IOPsAnswers the question to whom or for whom. IOPs are: me, te, le, nos, os, les. Because you can’t have two “l” IOP/DOP le and les can be changed to se.Example: I gave it to her. Se lo di! Gave=verb=di it=DOP=lo her=IOP=se

27. 15. Se ImpersonalSe vendefruta. vfbfbcvfhfAqui se hablaespanol.Se hizo mucho.Se hara mucho.Se habia mucho.

28. Table of Contents- 2nd Semester Past Participles as AdjectivesEl Futuro and ir + a+ infinitiveLos AdjetivosDemonstrativosMandatosFormalesLos MandatosInformalesModal VerbsReflexivesSaber vs. Conocer

29. Past Participles as AdjectivesPast Participles as adjectives conjugations is like when conjugating a verb. For this process, take off the ending and attach –ado or –ido, depending on if it is an –ar, -er, or –ir verb.

30. Irregular Past Participles as Adjectivesabrir (to open) - abierto (open)cubrir (to cover) - cubierto (covered)decir (to say) - dicho (said)escribir (to write) - escrito (written)freír (to fry) - frito (fried)hacer (to do) - hecho (done)morir (to die) - muerto (dead)poner (to put) - puesto (put)resolver (to resolve) - resuelto (resolved)romper (to break) - roto (broken)ver (to see) - visto (seen)volver (to return) - vuelto (returned)

31. Irregular FuturoDecir….. dirHacer….. harPoder….. podrPoner…… pondrQuerer…… querrSaber……. sabrSalir……. saldrTener……. tendrValer…….. valdrVenir…….. vendr

32. El FuturoInfinitive + endingEndings are same for -ar, -er, and –ir-é

33. Ir + A + InfinitivesGOING TO DO SOMETHING…Included in el futuro. Example:Yovoy a viajar a España.Meaning: I am going to travel to Spain.

34. LosAdjectivosDemonstrativos1.Make sure it always agrees in gender and number with the noun it is modifying. 2.Put in front of the noun it modifies.

35. LosMandatosFormales

36. Los MandatosInformales Cont.