Tenses

Tenses are the form taken by a verb to show the time of
an action or the state of an event.

TYPES OF TENSES
 THE PRESENT TENSE
 THE PAST TENSE
 THE FUTURE TENSE

SUB-DIVISION OF EACH TENSE
 INDEFINITE
 CONTINUOUS OR IMPERFECT
 PERFECT
 PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Table of Present Tense
Indefinite Continuous Perfect Perfect Continuous
I/You/We/They
play.
He/She/It plays.
I/You/We/They +
am/are + playing.
He/She/It + is
playing.
I/You/We/They +
have + played.
He/She/It + has +
played.
I/You/We/They + have +
been + playing.
He/She/It + has + been +
playing.
NEGATIVE FORM
I/You/We/They +
do not + play.
He/She/It + does
not + play.
I/You/We/They +
am/are + not +
playing.
He/She/It + is +
not + playing.
I/You/We/They +
have + not +
played.
He/She/It + has +
not + played.
I/You/We/They + have +
not + been + playing.
He/She/It + has + not +
been + playing.

Use of Simple Present Tense:
 Structure:Subject + Verb 1 + Object
 Expresses a general truths
e.g. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
 Daily routine and habits
e.g. I wake up at 6 o’clock daily.
 Present actions
e.g. Teacher teaches grammar.

Use of Present Continuous Tense
 Structure: Sub + is/am/are + V1 + ing + Obj
 Expresses on going action
e.g. Students are learning.
 Shows action which is happening at a particular
time in the present or extending over a period of
present time.
 We are discussing types of tenses today.

Use of Present Perfect Tense
 Structure: Sub + have/has + V3 + Obj
 Has – Singular Have – Plural
 Shows an action that started in past and has been
completed in present
e.g. I have qualified my 12th recently.

Use of Present Perfect Continuous Tense
 Structure: Sub + has/have + been + v1 + ing + Obj
 Used when an action that started in the past is still
Continuing.
e.g. We have been playing cricket since morning.

Interrogative Form: Present Tense
Do +
I/You/We/They
play?
Does + He/She/It
plays?
Am/Are +
I/You/We/They +
playing?
Is + He/She/It +
playing?
Have +
I/You/We/They +
played?
Has + He/She/It +
played?
Have + I/You/We/They +
been + playing?
Has + He/She/It + been +
playing?
NEGATIVE FORM
Do +
I/You/We/They +
not + play?
Does + He/She/It +
not + play?
Am/are +
I/You/We/They +
not + playing?
Is + He/She/It +
not + playing?
Have +
I/You/We/They +
not + played?
Has + He/She/It +
not + played?
Have + I/You/We/They +
not + been + playing?
Has +He/She/It + not +
been + playing?

Table of Past Tense
I/You/We/They/
He/She/It + played.
I/You/We/They/
He/She/It +
was/were playing.
I/You/We/They/
He/She/It + had +
played.
I/You/We/They/He/She/It
+ had + been + playing.
NEGATIVE FORM
I/You/We/They
/He/She/It + did
not + play.
I/You/We/They/He
/She/It + was/were
+ not + playing.
I/You/We/They/He
/She/It + had + not
+ played.
+ had + not + been +
playing.

Use of Simple Past Tense
 Structure: Sub + V2 + Object
 Shows an action which happened at a particular
time in the past.
e.g. I ate a mango.

Use of Past Continuous Tense
 Structure: Sub + was/were + V1 + ing + Obj
 Used for an action which was happening at a
particular time in the past.
e.g. She was eating a banana.

Use of Past Perfect Tense
 Structure: Sub + had + V3 + Obj
 Used to talk about actions that were completed
before some point in the past
e.g. After she had moved out, I found her notes.
 Talks about something that happened before
something else.
e.g. I didn’t say anything until she had finished
talking.

Use of Past Perfect Continuous Tense
 Structure: Sub + had + been + V1 + ing + Obj
 Shows an action that began before an certain point
in the past and continued up to that point.
e.g. They had been travelling the world till last year.

Interrogative Form: Past Tense
Did +
I/You/We/They/
He/She/It play?
Was/were +
I/You/We/They/He
/She/It + playing?
Had +
I/You/We/They/He
/She/It + played?
Had+
+ been + playing?
NEGATIVE FORM
Did +
I/You/We/They/
He/She/It + not +
play?
Was/Were +
I/You/We/They/He
/She/It + not +
playing?
Had +
I/You/We/They/He
/She/It + not +
played?
Had + I/You/We/They/
He/She/It + not + been +
playing?

Table of Future Tense
I/You/We/They/
He/She/It +
will/shall + play.
I/You/We/They/
He/She/It +
will/shall + be +
playing.
I/You/We/They/
He/She/It +
will/shall + have +
played.
I/You/We/They/He/She
/It + will/shall + have +
been + playing.
NEGATIVE FORM
I/You/We/They
/He/She/It +
will/shall + not +
play.
I/You/We/They/He
/She/It + will/shall
+ not + be +
playing.
I/You/We/They/He
/She/It + will/shall
+ not + have +
played.
+ will/shall + not + been +
playing.

Use of Simple future Tense
 Structure: Sub + will/shall + V1 + Obj
 Used to show future event or action.
e.g. I will speak English fluently.
I shall complete my duties.

Use of Future Continuous Tense
 Structure: Sub + shall/will + be + V1 + ing + Obj
 Shows an action which will be in progress at a
particular time in the future.
e.g. She will be going abroad next week.

Use of Future Perfect Tense
 Structure: Sub + will/shall + have + V3 + Obj
 Used to indicate the completion of an action by a
certain period of time in the future.
e.g. He will have married his fiancé by then.

Use of Future Perfect Continuous Tense
 Structure: Sub + will/shall + have + been
+ V1 + ing+Obj
 Used when as action is to continue up to a
certain point of time in future
e.g. They will have been working in the
company by then.

Interrogative Form: Future Tense
I/You/We/They/
He/She/It +
will/shall + not +
play.
I/You/We/They/
He/She/It +
will/shall + not + be
+ playing.
I/You/We/They/
He/She/It +
will/shall + not +
have + played.
I/You/We/They/He/She
/It + will/shall + not +
have + been + playing.
NEGATIVE FORM
Will/shall +
I/You/We/They
/He/She/It + not +
play?
Will/shall +
I/You/We/They/He
/She/It + not + be +
playing?
Will/shall +
I/You/We/They/He
/She/It + not +
have + played?
Will/shall
+ not + have + been +
playing?

Tenses

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