This document provides an outline for a Spanish grammar book. It includes sections on verb conjugations, tenses like the preterite and imperfect, irregular verbs, commands, pronouns, and more. The document lists chapter topics and includes brief explanations and examples for many grammar concepts.

1. Spanish Grammar Book2010-2011 Emilia Goodreau

2. Table of Contents Ser Estar Hacer Expressions Verbs Like Gustar Preterite Trigger Words Car, Gar, Zar Spock Cucaracha DOP/IOP Commands Irregular Commands Snakes Snakies Se Impersonal

3. Table of Contents Past Participles as Adjectives El Futuro & Ir+a+Infinitive Demonstrative Adjectives Demonstrative Pronouns Imperfect Tense + Irregulars Commands: Formal and Informal + DOP and IOP Placement Modal Verbs Reflexives Saber vs. Conocer

5. Túeres

6. Éles

7. Ella es

8. Nosotrossomos

9. Vosotrossois

10. EllossonDescriptions Origin de Characteristics Time Occupation Relationships Possession de Events Dates Jose es alto. Yosoy de Honduras. Ustedeses doctor. Ella es mi mama. Túeresbonita. Quees? Un gato. Doctor Ped

12. Tu estás

13. Ella/El/Ust. Está

14. Nos estamos

15. Vos estáis

16. Ellas/ Ellos/ UstdsestánPresent Participles (-ing): Ar-ando Er/Ir-endo -yendo

17. Hacer Expressions Hacer Time Que Verb Hacer Expressions tell how long ago something happened. Present Tense Verb Since and For Preterite Tense Verb Ago I took the test two hours ago. Hace dos horasquetomé el examen. I have had the cat for two days. Hace dos diasquetengo el gato.

19. Me

20. Te

21. Le

22. Nos

23. Os

24. Les

26. “Gusta”= singular nouns and infinitives

27. “Gustan”= plural nounsSingular Noun-Me gusta la playa Plural Nouns-Diego le encantamúsica y películas Infinitives -Te gustacantar.

29. Yo hablé con Pandora ayer.

30. Kevin wrotethepaperforLiterture.

31. Kevin escribióde papel de la literatura.

32. We ate salad.

33. Nos comimos ensalada.

34. Youslept in yourhouse.

35. Tú dormiste en su casa.

36. Eva and Ana sang “Feliz Navidad”

39. Yotoqué la pluma.

40. I played the game.

41. Yojugué el juego.

42. I began my homework.

44. Cucaracha Verbs Another grouping of irregular preterite verbs. Andar- anduv… Estar- estuv… Poder- pud… Poner- pus.. Querer- quis… Saber- sup… Tener- tuv… Venir- vin… Conducir- conduj… Producir- produj…. Traducir- traduj… Decir- dij… Traer- traj…

46. Tú pediste

47. Él pidió.

48. Nos pedimos.

49. Vos pedisteis.

50. Ellos pidieron.Another irregular preterite. The 3rd person form has a stem change.

51. Snakeys An irregular preterite verb. Verbs like leer, creer, and oir change the I to Y in the 3rd person. Yocreí. Tú creíste Él creyo. Nos creimos. Vos crísteis Ellos creyeron. Yoleí. Tú leíste Él leyo. Nos leímos. Vos leístes Ellos leyeron.

52. DOP DOP’s are: me, te, le, nos, os, and los. They answer the question of what is receiving the direct action of the verb. You ate an apple. Comisteunamanzana. (Manzana=La) La comiste (You ate it) I eat bread. Como pan. Lo como. (Pan=Lo) She eats the bananas. Ella come las bananas. Ella las come. Command- Senor Presidentecomo el pan. Sr. Presidente lo como. Sr.Presidentecómolo. (the DOP hooks on) The DOP can only hook on when: It’s used with an infinitive -Voy a comerlo. It’s used in an affirmative command -Bébala! It’s used with a gerund/ present progressive -Estoycomiéndolo.

54. I gave- verb, it- DOP (lo) , her- IOP (le)

55. Le lo di. (WRONG)

56. Se lo di. (no double L, lese)

57. She gave it to me.

58. She gave- verb, it- DOP (lo), me- IOP (me)

59. Me lo dio.

60. Give it to him.

61. Se lo de.

63. Ud./Uds- put in yo form and change to opposite vowel

64. ar e

65. er/ir  a

66. Hablar- Hable!

67. Viver- Viva!

68. Irregulars- TVDISHES

69. Negative-

70. Same as above and add No

71. Irregulars- TVDISHESDOP + IOP can attach to an affirmative command. They must go before the negative command.

72. IrregularCommands Tener- tenga Venir- vengo Dar-de Ir- vaya Ser- seya Hacer- haga Estar- este Saber- sepa

73. Se Impersonal Use se to avoid specifying a person who is doing the action of the verb. Se vendefruta en la tienda. When using se, the verb is always in the 3rd person. Aquí se hablaespañol. Se can be used in all renses. Se hizo mucho. Se hará mucho. Se hapía mucho.

75. cubrir- cubierto

76. decir- dicho

77. escribir- escrito

78. hacer- hecho

79. morir- muerto

80. poner- puesto

81. resolver- resuelto

82. romper- roto

83. ver- visto

84. volver- vuelto

86. El Futuro Irregulars decir- dir hacer- har poner- pondre salir- saldr tener- tend valer- valdr venir- vendr poder- podr querer- quer saber- sabr caber- cabr haber- habr Yodiré Túsabrás El tendrá Nosvaldremos Ellospodrán

87. Ir + a + Infinitive Going to do something in the near future Included in the future. Ex. Yovoy a viajar a Chile. Yovoy a comer unamanzana.

88. Demonstrative Adjectives Adjectives whose function is to point at something. English- this, that, these, those Spanish- three sets They are typically placed before the noun they modify. Me gusto esteperro. (I like this dog) Voy a compraresecoche. (I’m going to buy that car) Me gustanaquellascasas. (I like those houses) Prefieroestascomputadoras. (I prefer those computers)

90. ése (that)

92. ésos (those)

94. ésa (that)

96. ésas (those)

98. Yoescribíatodos los dias.

99. She always sings.

101. los lunes/martes/etc.

102. mientras

103. siempre

105. Commands Los MandatosInformales (Tú)

106. Informal Irregular Commands

107. Commands Los MandatosFormales (Ud) Irregulars Tener- tenga Venir- vengo Dar-de Ir- vaya Ser- seya Hacer- haga Estar- este Saber- sepa Negative- add “No” in front

108. DOP and IOP Placement DOP and IOPs can only hook on to the verb when….. They’re used with an infinitive Voy a comerlo. They’re used as an affirmative command. Cómala! They’re used with a gerund/present progressive Estorycomiéndolo.

109. Modal Verbs Used with other verbs to help them change their meaning. Verb + Infinitive

111. Se ve.

112. I am hitting myself.

113. Estoypegándome

114. I put myself to bed.

115. Me acueso. Verbs with pronoun already attached: banarse, acostarse, despertarse, dormirse, ducharse, lavarse, levantarse, maquillarse, peinarse, ponserse, secarse

116. Saber vs. Conocer