The document discusses the secondary sector, specifically the industry, covering its definition, historical development, elements of the industrial process, and types of industries. It outlines the evolution of industry across three revolutions and examines factors influencing industry location, as well as the environmental impact of industrialization and deindustrialization. Additionally, it categorizes industries based on raw material origins, production volume, and number of employees.

1. THE SECONDARY
SECTOR: INDUSTRY
María Jesús Campos Fernández.
learningfromgeography.wikispaces.com

3. Secondary Sector
Industry
Construction

4. Industry

5. Industry
 Definition
 Historical development of industry
 Elements of the Industrial Process
 Types of Industry:
 Base industry
 Capital goods industries
 Consumer goods industries
 Volume of raw materials: Light /Heavy Industry
 Number of employees: small, medium, large
 Factors for industry location
 Traditional factors
 Current factors
 Industrial Areas: Original, Modern, New Industrial Areas
 Environmental Problems
 Spain

6. Historical Development of
Industry
FirstIndustrialRevolution
• 18th century
• Energy: Coal
• Types of
Industries:
Metal and
Textile
• Countries:
United
Kingdom;
USA; France;
Germany
SecondIndustrial
Revolution
• 1870-1970
• Energy: Oil and
electricity
• Types of
Industries:
Automobile,
Chemicals, Iron
and Steel,
Household
Appliance
Industries.
• Innovations:
Combustion
Engine; Assembly
Line Production
• Countries: Japan
and Russia InformationandAutomation
Revolution
• 20th-21st century
• Energy: Oil,
Nuclear Energy,
New Reneawable
Energy.
• Industries:
Electronics,
Information,
Technology,
Biotechnology
• Innovations:
Automation,
Telecommunicatio
ns, the Internet.

10. First Industrial Revolution

12. Second Industrial Revolution

14. Third Industrial Revolution

20. Elements of Industry
• Natural resources or intermediate products are the raw
materials that industry transforms into usable products
Raw materials and
sources of energy
• Labour is required to produce goods. Employees earn a
salary in return for their work.Workforce
• Equipment, materials needed and skills required to
manufacture a productTechnology
• Financing and investment. The retail price of a product has to
be higher than production costs in order to generate profits
and cover investment.
Capital Investment
• To guarantee that these elements function efficiently and
ensure that high-quality goods are produced that can be sold
at competitive prices
Management

21. Raw Materials and Sources of
Energy

24. Workforce
 Unskilled
 Semiskilled
 Highskilled

34. Technology

35. Capital Investment

36. Management

37. Types of Industry: According to the origin of
materials and the end user of a product
Base
Industries:
- Raw materials into
energy
- Raw materials into
half-finished
products for other
industries
Capital Goods
Industries:
- Second changes to
prepare products to
supply tools to other
industries
(machinery, electrical
equipment,
electronics,
information
technology…)
Consumer
Goods
Industries:
- Products to be sold
directly to the
consumer
(pharmaceutical,
textile, footwear,
food industries…)

38. Base Industries

39. Capital Goods Industries

40. Consumer Goods Industries

42. Types of Industry: According to the volume
of raw materials
Heavy Industries:
- Large quatities of resources
(raw materials, labour, captial
and space) Iron, Steel and
Cement Industries
Light Industries:
- The size of the production
sites tends to be relatively
small.

44. Types of Industry: According to the number
of employees
Small Industries:
- Less than 50 employees
Medium Industries:
- From 50 to 100 employees.
Large Industries:
- More than 1000 employees

45. Factors for Industry Location
 Traditional factors:
 Proximity to raw
materials and energy
sources
 Proximity to market
centres and
consumption
 Proximity to ports and
transport routes
 Abundance of low-
skilled labour
 Availability of capital to
finance the
infrastructure for
industry (factores,
equipment, motorways,
railways, canals…)
 Current factors:
 Access to raw materials
and energy sources
 Aboundance of cheap
labour but also of high-
skilled workers
 Availability of good
communications:
transport routes but also
the Inernet
 Access to a global
market
 Support from the
govenrments to ease
and foster the conditions
for location, financing,
acces to innovation,
taxes…

48. Evolution of Industrial Areas
 Original industrial
areas:
 Mining areas
 Ports and rivers
 Urban areas
 Modern industrial
areas
 New Industrial
Areas:
 Centres for
advanced
technology
 Automated and
high tecnology
industries

55. Environmental Impact

58. The Industrialisation Crisis
 Deindustrialisation  Industrial Relocation:
 Traditional Industries
have relocated to
cheaper areas:
 Developing Countries
 Industrial estates in the
outskirts of cities
 Innovative and High-
Technology Industries:
 Established in Science
Parks in economically
flourishing cities to
have acces to qualified
workers, infrastructures
and advanced services

66. Developed by María Jesús Campos
learningfromgeography.wikispaces.com
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Sources: rocio Bautista Slidehare ppt