The secondary sector includes activities that transform raw materials into manufactured goods like construction, mining, energy production and industry. Mining extracts minerals from the earth through open-cast or underground mines. The main issues are safety hazards for miners. Minerals are important resources and their control has led to conflicts. Industry transforms raw materials and uses capital, labor, materials, energy and technology. It has evolved from small workshops to large factories using assembly lines and mass production. Industries can be heavy or light and locate based on access to markets, transportation and resources.
Topic 8 THE SECONDARY SECTOR
3º ESO GEOGRAPHY
Basada en el libro de texto de SANTILLANA RICHMOND "Essential Geography" para 3º de ESO Bilingüe, Geografía
Topic 8 THE SECONDARY SECTOR
3º ESO GEOGRAPHY
Basada en el libro de texto de SANTILLANA RICHMOND "Essential Geography" para 3º de ESO Bilingüe, Geografía
A PPT on Globalisation and Indian Economy. This PPT is designed keeping in view the syllabus of class X, NCERT. But is useful for others also who wants to know about Golbalisation, related terms and its positive and negatie impacts.
Name; Hasnain Nawaz
Surname : Shaikh
ROLL NO: 16 CH 42
B.E: Chemical Engineering (In Progress).
Mehran University of Engineering and Technology
Jamshore, ISO 9001 Certified.
In this revision video we range far and wide on many of the important aspects of globalisation including:
Explain what is meant by globalisation
Explain the characteristics of globalisation
Explain the causes of globalisation / factors contributing to globalisation
Evaluate the impact of globalisation and global companies on individual countries, governments, producers and consumers, workers and the environment
Evaluate the impact of the performance of emerging economies on other economies.
Explain how the pattern of global trade has changed over time
Evaluate comparative advantage as an explanation of global trade patterns
Explain how countries achieve international competitiveness
a brief history, sectors and outlook of the Indian economy.
effect of liberalisation on economy, foreign trade, current state of the Indian economy, gst, demonetisation and their effects of Indian economy, issues with the Indian economy and ways to deal with them
Economists divide the factors of production into four categories: land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship. The first factor of production is land, but this includes any natural resource used to produce goods and services.
A PPT on Globalisation and Indian Economy. This PPT is designed keeping in view the syllabus of class X, NCERT. But is useful for others also who wants to know about Golbalisation, related terms and its positive and negatie impacts.
Name; Hasnain Nawaz
Surname : Shaikh
ROLL NO: 16 CH 42
B.E: Chemical Engineering (In Progress).
Mehran University of Engineering and Technology
Jamshore, ISO 9001 Certified.
In this revision video we range far and wide on many of the important aspects of globalisation including:
Explain what is meant by globalisation
Explain the characteristics of globalisation
Explain the causes of globalisation / factors contributing to globalisation
Evaluate the impact of globalisation and global companies on individual countries, governments, producers and consumers, workers and the environment
Evaluate the impact of the performance of emerging economies on other economies.
Explain how the pattern of global trade has changed over time
Evaluate comparative advantage as an explanation of global trade patterns
Explain how countries achieve international competitiveness
a brief history, sectors and outlook of the Indian economy.
effect of liberalisation on economy, foreign trade, current state of the Indian economy, gst, demonetisation and their effects of Indian economy, issues with the Indian economy and ways to deal with them
Economists divide the factors of production into four categories: land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship. The first factor of production is land, but this includes any natural resource used to produce goods and services.
This slide has contents of founding of Industries, classification of Industries and its types, factors related to the establishment of Industry, major industries in the world, Pollution due to the industries, etc...
Economic Activities for the Junior CerticateNoel Hogan
Designed for Junior Certificate Geography Students in the Irish Second Level System. Covers Primary, Secondary and Tertiary economic activities and has some questions culled from past exam papers as well. Deals with Farming, Fishing, Exploitation of Peat bogs, manufacturing, tourism etc.
Running head A DRAFT OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AND THE RISE OF.docxtoddr4
Running head: A DRAFT OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AND THE RISE OF
CAPITALISM
1
Nickflor Jean
Professors John Isenhour
Chamberlain University
HUMN303N-62360
8/19/2018
Running head: A DRAFT OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AND THE RISE OF
CAPITALISM
2
Industrial Revolution and the Rise of Capitalism
Introduction
The Industrial Revolution, which took place in the 18th and 19th centuries was
possibly the vital change in the history of humankind. It led to a turning point in the
manufacturing sector. Most countries turned from agriculturally based to industrial based
and produced a variety of goods in industries. Manufacturing turned from craftsmanship
to commercialism and thus increased output while decreasing the costs of production and
thus increasing the supply of goods on the market. Counties were able to produce more
for the consumption of their people and even of the export markets. The mass production
that came as a result of industrialization led to capitalism which led to the promotion of
wealth distribution among people. It led to the migration of people from the rural areas to
the capital cities in search of industrial jobs in the manufacturing companies (Hartwell,
1971). The rise of industrial revolution led to many changes including housing,
technological advancements, social and cultural changes, use of new materials in
industries and the introduction of new machinery among others.
Industrial Revolution
Steam and Coal
Industrial development was slow during the 1700s because of limited sources of
power and energy. Old technologies or source of power such as waterwheels, horsepower
and windmills were used to drive heavy machinery, coal pumping and textile mills. The
changes in steam technology revolutionized the situation as industries and factories could
get sufficient sources of energy. The first steam engine was unveiled in 1712 by Thomas
JOHN ISENHOUR
98440000000072591
Good thesis.
Running head: A DRAFT OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AND THE RISE OF
CAPITALISM
3
Newcomen which was driven by the piston engine. More inventions of steam engines
followed rapidly in that century. By 1800, there were more than 2000 seam engines at
work. During the industrial revolution, there were inventions in iron manufacturing,
which allowed the manufacture of durable metallic implements. There was also the use of
steam engines to help in the mining of coal.
The rise of factories
Before the inception of the industrial revolution, textile workers weaved threads
to cloth in their homes. In1979, Richard Arkwright, who had invented the water frame
patented it. The machine allowed a large scale spinning to occur at the same time. It made
it necessary to produce more thread and thus more clothes at the same time. James
Hargreaves late discovered the "spinning jenny" which also transformed the spinning of
cotton. The advance in technology further improved the weaving process. In the 1780s.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2. This sector includes the activities
related to the transformation of
raw materials into manufactured
products. These activities are:
construction, mining, production
of energy and industry.
3. MINING
It consists of the extraction of minerals of the subsoil. There are different types of mines:
- Open- cast mines: if the mineral is not very deep, like in quarries.
- Underground mines: if the miners have to dig to reach the minerals.
4. The main problem of mining is
security: miners have to face gas
leaks, landslides, collapses, floods,
accumulation of mineral dust in
miners’ lungs, which can causes
silicosis, pneumoconiosis…
5. Minerals have become very important for industrial and technological development. There are
few countries in the world that have enough mineral resources. This is the reason why the most
developed countries try to control the mines that produce the minerals they need.
6. Control of minerals has led to bloody
wars in Africa: the population of Sierra
Leone and Liberia suffered years of war
for the control of diamonds. In central
Africa more than 4 million people have
died in the First African War caused by
the fights for the control of coltan
(columbite- tantalite) mines.
7. Energy is the capacity of producing heat,
work or movement.
Energy sources are all the raw materials
or natural resources with which we can
produce heat, work or movement.
Classification:
-Renewable: solar power, wind power,
hydroelectric power (it´s renewable, but
dams cause great environmental impact),
bio-mass, geothermic power, ocean wave
energy.
-Non-renewable: nuclear and fossil fuels
(coal, oil, natural gas).
PRODUCTION OF ENERGY
8.
9.
10.
11. Climate change and
exhaustion of the fossil
fuels´ fields have led the
governments of the
developed countries to
invest money in renewable
energy sources: solar and
wind power, bio-fuels,
electric engines…
12. It’s the economic activity
that consists in transforming
raw materials into
manufactured products
(production goods or
consumer goods).
INDUSTRY
13. In the last decades of the 18th
century
there were important changes in the
way of producing products. As
population had increased, there was
more demand for every kind of
products and producers introduced
innovations in the organization of
work and invented some machines that
increased production (steam engine).
This was the Industrial Revolution, a
deep change in the way of
manufacturing products, which led to
important changes in economy and
society. This process started in Great
Britain, but it spread quickly to
continental Europe and North America.
EVOLUTION OF INDUSTRY
14. Industrial work was organized to produce
the most in the least time. Factories
introduced innovations in the way of
organizing work:
-Assembly line production (Taylorism or
Scientific Management): workers are
organized along a production line and
every worker makes only a part of the
product.
-Mass production or standardization:
production of many copies of the same
model. This allows for lower prices and
more consumption.
15. What kind of organization
of production is this one?
16. The elements needed to produce
products are the following:
-Capital (money and all that can be
bought with it: land, buildings,
machines …)
-labor force (workers and a staff to
organize work)
-raw materials
-energy supply
-technology
ELEMENTS OF THE INDUSTRIAL PROCESS
17. TYPES OF INDUSTRIES
Industries can be classified according to their production:
-Heavy industry or Production Goods Industry: industries that produce goods than can´t be
consumed directly, but they are used to produce other goods: steel industry, concrete industry…
-Light industry or Consumer Goods Industry: industries that produce goods that can be
consumed directly, such as food, cars, electric appliances, furniture…
20. Industrial concentrations appear when
industries merge with other industries
in order to be more competitive.
Industrial concentrations can be
horizontal or vertical:
-Horizontal concentration: it´s the
merger of several industries of the
same sector. For example, a car
company that produces different
brands of cars.
-Vertical concentration: it´s the
merger of several industries that
take part in the different stages of
the production process of a
product. For example, a company
that owns farms that produce
wool, factories that produce
thread, fabric and clothes and
shops where the clothes are sold.
INDUSTRIAL CONCENTRATIONS
22. FACTORS OF INDUSTRIAL LOCATION
In the past the most important factors were
proximity to the raw materials and supply of
energy. The first factories were located near coal
mines or rivers.
Today industries are usually settled down near
the markets, near the transportation networks
(roads, ports) or near technology parks (if they
need technological support). Industries locate on
the outskirts of the cities, in industrial parks,
where the land is cheaper. The Catalan textile industries were located near
rivers in order to take advantage of hydraulic power
Technology park of Zamudio (Biscay)
23. If industries want to be competitive, they
have to be in constant change: they have to
invest in new technology and workers have
to recycle to get updated.
If industries don´t modernize, they can get
out of date and start losing money. Out of
date industries dismiss workers and
sometimes they have to close. This
happened in the developed countries during
the 80´s and the 90´s: many old-fashioned
industries closed, because they couldn´t
compete with the more modern industries
of other countries. This process was called
industrial reconversion and it was dramatic
for many workers.
DEINDUSTRIALIZATION AND INDUSTRIAL RECONVERSION
24. A more recent process is
industrial outsourcing or
delocalization: many industries
of the developed countries have
closed their factories and they
have moved them to developing
countries, where the production
costs (and sometimes the
security controls) are lower. This
is the case of maquiladoras in
the border cities of Mexico (El
Paso, Ciudad Juárez) or the sport
multinationals, such as Adidas,
Nike or Puma, that produce all
their products in Asian countries.
OUTSOURCING OR DELOCALIZATION
25.
26. The most important industrial regions are located in Europe, the U.S.A, Japan and China. There
are also important industrial centers in South Korea, India, Mexico and Brazil. Africa is the least
industrialized continent. Only South Africa has important industrial regions in Johannesburg and
Cape Town. Some countries like Egypt and Morocco have attracted European and American
industries by offering cheaper production costs and more relaxed security controls.
MAIN INDUSTRIAL REGIONS
27. This map shows the relationship
between industrial concentration
and water pollution