This document discusses population dynamics, focusing on the causes of world population increase and the concepts of overpopulation and underpopulation. It highlights factors contributing to changes in birth and death rates, the implications for healthcare and resource management, and population policies aimed at controlling growth. Case studies illustrate the impacts of these dynamics in high-income and low-income countries.

1. AE
O
IGCSE
G
G R P
H
Y
Mr. YONAS GEMEDA
SEPTEMBER 2020

2. UNIT
ONE

3. POPULATION
DYNAMIC

4. SOME IMPORTANT CONCEPTS
WORLD POPULATION INCREASE
CONTENTS
OVER POPULATION AND UNDER
POPULATION
THE MAIN CAUSE AND CNGE IN
POPULATION SIZE
NATURAL POPULATION CHANGE
POPULATION POLICY

5. LEARNING OUTCOMES
Describe and give reasons for the
rapid increase in the worlds
population
Show an understand of over
population and under
population, including the cause
and consequences for both
Understand the main cause of a change
in population size
Give reasons for contrasting rates
of natural population change on
birth and death rates
Demonstrate knowledge of case
studies, including a countrz which
is over populated and under
populated
Describe and evaluate
population policies

6. KEY TERMS
3
2
1
6
7
8
4
5
9
Urbanization
Over population
Under population
Natural increase
GNI per capita
GDP per capita
Mortality rate
Fertility rate
KEYS
Life expectancy

7. ADD YOUR TITLE HERE
1.1 SOME IMPORTANT CONCEPTS
To measure the level of economic development of a country
we should see GNI per capita, GDP per capita. And the birth
and death rates varz between HICs, MICs and LICs.

8. 1.2 WORLD POPULATION INCREASE
Improvements in farming
techniques
Improvements in public
health care
Improved water supplz and
sewage disposal
Reasons population growth

9. WORLD POPULATION GROWTH IN THE 20th
CENTURY
In the 20th century population growth
accelerated. this was because as the birth rate
fell, the death rate also continued to fall. Life
expectancy continued to increase, resulting in
rapid increase in ppopulation.

10. FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO A REDUCED BIRTH RATE
An improvement in the
status and education
of women
Access to
contraception
Increase in
wages
Increased in
urbanization

11. FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTED TO A REDUCED
DEATH RATE
Improvements in
healthcare and nutrition
A reduction in
subsistance agriculture
Increase in wages

12. OVER POPULATION AND UNDER
POPULATION
ADD TITLE
Under population
when there are not
enough people living in a
region or a countrz to
make full use of the
resource at given
technoloy
Over population
a countrz or region that does not
have enough resources to keep all
of its people at a reasonable
standard of living
HICs
the consequences of over
population are:
lack of Water,Food,
environmental degradation
and others
LICs
the two main causes of over
population are:
1. an increase in the birth rate
and
2. a decrease in the death
rate

13. THE MAIN CAUSE OF CHANGE IN POPULATION
SIZE
SOCIAL FACTORS
health care
life style
education and migration
POLITICAL FACTORS
population policies
ECONOMIC FACTORS
emplozment
wage level

14. NATURAL POPULATION CHANGE
SOCIAL FACTORS AND
IMPACTS
ECONOMIC FACTORS AND
IMPACTS
 fFood supply will need to increase
 if the economhas not expanded this
maz lead to higher levels of
unemployment
 an increased pool of labour which can
stimulate economic activity, industrial
production and economic growth
 The health service and hospitals will
need to be able to accomodate the
needs of yound population.
 more primary schools will be needed

15. THE IMPACT OF HIV AIDS
LABOUR SUPPLZ AND THE ECONOMY
THE FAMILY
EDUCATION
POVERTY
INFANT CHILD MORTALITY
DEPENDENCY RATIO

16. POPULATION POLICIES
KEYS
Population control normally involves the practice of either
limiting population increase, usually by reducing the birth rate,
or increasing population by incouraging high birth rate and
immigration
The practice of population control has sometimes been
voluntary or by law
population control practices are:
increasing the access of contraception
abstinence
educating women about family planning
improving healthcare
encouraging emigration
The method choosen can be strongly influenced by the
religious and cultural beliefs of the community

17. IS
THERE
ANY
QUESTION?
THANK YOU