The document discusses the industrial sector in India, including its structure, types of industries, and policies that have shaped industrial development. It covers primary, intermediate, and consumer goods industries, as well as the public, private, and joint sectors. Industry is also categorized based on investment size and type of ownership. The major industrial policies that have been implemented in India include the Industrial Policy Resolutions, liberalization policies, Special Economic Zones Act, and Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development Act. Challenges facing small industries are also outlined.

1. Industrial Sector

2. The Structure of Industries can be explained
as follows:
1. Based on Use
2. Based on Management
3. Based on Investment
4. Based on Type

3. Primary Industries(Basic)
Example: Heavy Engineering Industries
Consumer Goods Producing Industries
Example: Cloth, Leather, Salt Sugar etc
Intermediate goods producing Industries
Example: Coal, Cement, iron, electricity etc

4. Public Sector Firms
Private Sector
Joint Sector

5. Large Scale Industries (10 to 100 Crore Investment)
Medium Scale Industries (5 to 10 Crore Investment)
Mega Industries (100 Crore and above Industries)
Micro Industries ( 25 Lakh below, For Service oriented it is 10 lakh)
Small Scale Industries ( above 25 Lakh below 5 Lakh , For Service 10 lakh- 2 Crore)
Cottage Industries ( Rural Industries like handy crafts )
Ancillary Industries (Investment should not exceed 1 Crore)
Tiny Industries ( below 25 lakh investment)

6. Public Limited Companies
Private Limited Companies
Government Companies

7. I. Primary Industry (Nature related, Forests, Flowers, Fishes)
II. Genetic Industry ( Plants, Animals Farms)
III. Extractive Industry ( Oils, Coal, minerals, iron ore)
IV. Manufacture Industry ( Final goods like Cloth, Sugar, soaps, chemicals)
V. Construction Industry ( Housing, Bridges, Roads, Barrages, Dams etc)
VI. Services Industries (Hotels, Tourism, Entertanment)

8.  There are three components in Index of
Industrial products.
I. Mining
II. Manufacturing and
III. Electricity
 The Classification of Index of Industries
depends on its use.
 The Growth of Industries can be explained
through IIP.
 For the under stand of growth rate of
Industries it can considered last five years.

9. Groups 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2013-14 2013-14
Mining 7.9 5.2 -2.0 -2.3 -0.6
Manufacturing 4.8 8.9 3.0 1.3 -0.8
Electricity 6.1 5.5 8.2 4.0 6.4
General Index 5.3 8.2 2.9 1.1 -0.8

10. Sector 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14
Coal 8.1 -0.2 1.3 4.6 0.7
Crude Oil 0.5 11.9 1.0 -0.6 -0.2
Natural Gas 44.6 10.0 -8.9 -14.5 -13.0
Refineries goods -0.4 3.0 3.1 29.0 1.6
Chemicals & fertilizers 12.7 0.0 0.4 -3.4 1.5
Steel 6.0 13.2 10.3 4.1 6.8
Cement 10.5 4.5 6.7 7.7 3.0
Electricity 6.2 5.6 8.1 4.0 5.7
Total Index 6.6 6.6 5.0 6.5 3.1

11. Plan Industries developed
1st Plan Developed efficiency to existing Industries like cement, paper, cotton, colours, Vanaspathi, engineering gods etc
2nd plan Heavy Industries like Iron & Steel, Heavy Engineering, Fertilizers, Lignite projects etc
3rd Plan HMT, Locomotives, Air Crafts, Railway coaches, Shipping etc
4th Plan Automobiles, Tires, Electronic goods, Machine tools, Tractors etc
5th Plan Iron, Export goods, SAIL, Pharmaceuticals, Oil Refineries, Heavy engineering tools etc
6th Plan TV Receivers, Automobiles, Cement, Jute, Cloth, Rail Wagons etc
7th Plan Hi-tech, Electronics
8th Plan Liberal policy introduced, given importance to small, tiny sectors encouraged by government
9th Plan Importance given to Cement, Coal, Crude Oil, Consumers goods, Electricity, Infrastructure etc
10th Plan Modern Technology Development, Exports promotion, Regional Development
11th Plan Services development like Education, Health related services development.
12 Plan Providing of equal opportunities, Manufacturing sector development

12.  Cotton Industry: Providing employment 45 Millions, It is providing 4% share
in GDP, through the Exports , it is getting 11% income.
 Sugar Industry: In production and consumption sugar Industry is largest in the
world. It is providing employment for 0.5 million people.
 Jute Industry : Oldest industry, providing employment to 40 lakh Agricultural
families out of 83 mills in India 63 are at West Bengal State.
Chemical Industry: It is producing 70000 commercial products, 12.5% share in
Industrial production. Its exports share is 16.2%.

13.  Cement: After china India producing more in the world. 185
Large and 350 Small plants are producing at present.
Iron & Steel: Its capital is 90,000 Crores, 4th rank in the world
and providing employment to 6 lakh people.
IT Industry: providing Employment Directly 2.8 million and
indirectly 8.9 million people.
Petroleum: it was started in 1867. ONGC, HPCL, BPCL,
IOC are working in this industry.
Mining: The share of GDP of this industry only 2.2 to 2.5
percent. It is providing employment to 7 lakh people.

14. Objectives of IPR:
1. Rapid Industrial Development
2. Balanced Industrial Growth
3. Prevention of Concentration of
economic power
4. Balanced regional Development

15. 1948 IPR:
1. It has announced by Government of India on 6th, April, 1948.
2. It is declared that India follows Mixed Economy System (public+
Private sectors combination).
3. Industries are divided as Four categories.
A. Government Monopolies ( Atomic Energy, war heads arms)
B. Public Sector : ( coal, Iron& Steel, shipping, Aero plains,
Telephone, Wireless, Tele graph)
C. Under control of Government: ( machineries, Chemicals,
Fertilizers, Non-Ferrous metals, Rubber, cement, paper,
automobiles, electronic engineering, etc.)
D. Private sector: Mostly consumer goods industries left to prvate
sector.

16. Classification of Industries are three types:
1. Schedule-A: ( 17 industries look after by Government)
2. Schedule-B: (12 Industries also managed by Government)
3. Schedule-C ( Which are not mentioned in A ad B
Schedule is left to Private persons)
Help to Private Sector
Cottage and Small industries development
Balanced Regional Development
Role of Foreign Capital
Technology Development
Intensives to Labour

17. 1. Small Scale Industries divided 3 types:
A. Cottage Industry, B. Tiny Sector and C. Small scale industries.
2. Establishment of District Industrial Centers and Importance given to
Power looms.
3. Decentralization of Industries through the development of Ancillary
Industries.
4. Subsidies provided to Export oriented goods.
5. Given importance to Technology, Management ,Skill Development for
Small and Cottage industries.

18. Reconstruction of Government Sector( Increasing of Efficiency,
Make strong of Finance and Marketing)
Economic Federalism:(For regional Development Government has to
encourage Small Cottage and Ancillaries has to develop in backward areas)
Redefinition of Small Industries:(Tiny Industry Investment limit increased 10
to 2 lakh, Small Scale units investment increased 10 to 20 lakh, For
Ancillaries 15 to 25 lakhs)
Encourage of Rural industries
Removal of Regional disparities
Industrial Sickness ( some ties merging with healthy units, some units has
over take by government)

19. Main Features:
Removal of Industrial Licensing
Reducing o Government Sector
Abolishing of MRTP act
Freedom for Foreign Investment & Technology
Removal of mandatory convertibility Clause
Liberalization of Industrial Location

20. The Special Economic Zones (SEZs) Policy was announced in April
2000.
After extensive consultations, the SEZ Act, 2005, supported
by SEZ Rules, came into effect on 10th February, 2006.
The main objectives of the SEZ Act are:
(a) generation of additional economic activity
(b) promotion of exports of goods and services
(c) promotion of investment from domestic and foreign sources
(d) creation of employment opportunities
(e) development of infrastructure facilities

21. " Simplified procedures for development, operation, and
maintenance of the Special Economic Zones and for setting up units
and conducting business in SEZs;
Single window clearance for setting up of an SEZ;
Single window clearance for setting up a unit in a Special Economic
Zone;
Single Window clearance on matters relating to Central as well as
State Governments;
Simplified compliance procedures and documentation with an
emphasis on self certification.

22. The Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development Act,
2006 - 16 June 2006 .
The act defined Small Scale Industries as follows:
A. Manufacturing Enterprises:
i) A micro Enterprise, where the investment in plant and
machinery but does not exceed RS. 25 lakh.
ii) A Small Enterprise, where the investment in plant and
machinery is more than 25 lakh does not exceed 5 crore.
And
iii) A medium Enterprise, where the investment in plant and
machinery is more than 5 crore but does not exceed 10
crore

23. B. Service Enterprises:
i) A micro Enterprise, where the investment in
equipment does not exceed RS. 10 lakh.
ii) A Small Enterprise, where the investment in
equipment is more than 10 lakh does not
exceed 2 crore. And
iii) A medium Enterprise, where the
investment in equipment is more than 2
crore but does not exceed 5 crore

24. 1. Finance and Credit
2. Infrastructural Constraints.
3. Inverted Tariff Structure
4. Availability of Raw Materials
5. Problem of marketing
6. Delayed payments
7. Problem of Sickness
8. Adverse effects of economic Reforms.

25. Internal Sources ( Savings, Surplus of other units):
Equities, Debenchers, and Bonds:
Public Deposits:
Bank Loans:
Indigenous Bankers:
Foreign Capital:
Development banks: IDBI, IFCI, ICICI, IIBI, SIDBI, and
IDFC( Infrastructure Development Finance Company)