The process of analyzing personality in terms of ego states is called structural analysis. Eric Berne defined an ego state as a consistent pattern of feeling and experience directly related to a corresponding consistent pattern of behaviour.
The clear thinking of the Adult is often spoiled by contamination. Contamination can be thought of as an intrusion of the Parent ego sate and / or the Child ego state into the boundary of the Adult ego state. Contamination occurs when the Adult accepts as true some unfounded Parent beliefs or Child distortions and rationalizes and justifies these attitudes.
Fanita English has described a specially virulent kind of script message which she calls episcript. Here, a parent conveys an injunction and adds to it the non verbal message: “ I hope this happens to you, so that it wont have to happen to me.”
A boy has been given Don’t exist injunction by his mother. To his little professor, the main priority is to work out a way of staying alive. One way is to take a counter injunction and use it to cover up the Don’t exist.
Symbiosis and script - transactional analysis - Manu Melwin JoyManu Melwin Joy
Thus in ideal parenting, the child’s caretaker will be employing Parent and Adult resources appropriately, while still not discounting her own Child. As the child grows, the parent will provide him with what is needed to complete each stage of development.
People moving toward autonomy expand their personal capacities for awareness, spontaneity and intimacy. As this occurs, they develop integrated adult ego states.
Filtering more and more Parent and Child material through their Adult and learning new behavior patterns are parts of the integrating process.
Cure is a progressive process than a once off process. Cure is a matter of progressively learning to exercise new choices. Berne described script cure as follows:“ At a certain point, with the help of the therapist and his own Adult, the patient is capable of breaking out his script entirely and putting his own show on the road, with new characters, new roles, and a new plot and payoff. Such a script cure, which changes his character and his destiny, is also clinical cure, since most of his symptoms will be relieved by his re- decision.”
The process of analyzing personality in terms of ego states is called structural analysis. Eric Berne defined an ego state as a consistent pattern of feeling and experience directly related to a corresponding consistent pattern of behaviour.
The clear thinking of the Adult is often spoiled by contamination. Contamination can be thought of as an intrusion of the Parent ego sate and / or the Child ego state into the boundary of the Adult ego state. Contamination occurs when the Adult accepts as true some unfounded Parent beliefs or Child distortions and rationalizes and justifies these attitudes.
Fanita English has described a specially virulent kind of script message which she calls episcript. Here, a parent conveys an injunction and adds to it the non verbal message: “ I hope this happens to you, so that it wont have to happen to me.”
A boy has been given Don’t exist injunction by his mother. To his little professor, the main priority is to work out a way of staying alive. One way is to take a counter injunction and use it to cover up the Don’t exist.
Symbiosis and script - transactional analysis - Manu Melwin JoyManu Melwin Joy
Thus in ideal parenting, the child’s caretaker will be employing Parent and Adult resources appropriately, while still not discounting her own Child. As the child grows, the parent will provide him with what is needed to complete each stage of development.
People moving toward autonomy expand their personal capacities for awareness, spontaneity and intimacy. As this occurs, they develop integrated adult ego states.
Filtering more and more Parent and Child material through their Adult and learning new behavior patterns are parts of the integrating process.
Cure is a progressive process than a once off process. Cure is a matter of progressively learning to exercise new choices. Berne described script cure as follows:“ At a certain point, with the help of the therapist and his own Adult, the patient is capable of breaking out his script entirely and putting his own show on the road, with new characters, new roles, and a new plot and payoff. Such a script cure, which changes his character and his destiny, is also clinical cure, since most of his symptoms will be relieved by his re- decision.”
Life scripts definitions (Transactional analysis / TA is an integrative app...Manu Melwin Joy
The theory of script was developed by Eric Berne and his Co-workers, notably Claude Steiner, in the mid 1960’s. The concept of script has grown in importance as a part of TA theory, until now it ranks with the ego state model as a central idea of TA.
Discounting (Transactional analysis / TA is an integrative approach to the th...Manu Melwin Joy
Each time we meet a problem, We have two options. We can use the full power of our grown up thinking, feeling and action to solve the problem or We can go to into the script. Discounting is defined as unawarely ignoring information relevant to the solution to the problem.
Eric Berne defined a stroke as the “fundamental unit of social action”. A stroke is a unit of recognition, when one person recognizes another person. A stroke Can be Physical, Verbal or Non-verbal; Could be A hand shake, A compliment or A nod of the head;Could also be “Hello”, “Go away!” or A dismissive wave of the hand. (All of these acknowledge that the other person exists.)
Berne defined certain socially dysfunctional behavioural patterns as "games." According to Berne, Games are “sets of ulterior transactions, repetitive in nature, with a well-defined psychological payoff.” These repetitive, devious transactions are principally intended to obtain strokes, but instead they reinforce negative feelings and self-concepts, and mask the direct expression of thoughts and emotions.
In his book Games People Play, which achieved wide popular success in the early 1960s, Berne describes a series of games and gave them instantly recognizable names as:
"Why Don't You, Yes But"
"Now I've Got You, You SOB"
"I'm Only Trying To Help You".
According to Eric Berne, during first 5 years of life ,decisions about following crystallizes
Ourselves,
Our world and
Our relationships with others
These decisions are based on the pattern of strokes we receive from our parents and others which may be
Encouraging or
Disparaging
Based on these decisions, we assume one of four basic psychological life positions. (Discussed later)
Life positions determines our pattern of
Thinking,
Feeling, and
Behaving.
Our early existential decisions are reinforced by messages (both verbal and nonverbal) that we continue to receive during our lifetime.
It is also reinforced by the results of our games and interpretations of events.
Berne states that dysfunctional behaviour is the result of self-limiting decisions (made in childhood in the interest of survival) which culminate in an unhealthy life script.
Breaking out of process script patterns - Transactional AnalysisManu Melwin Joy
If you are uncomfortable with your process script, you can step out of it. Of all the personal changes TA makes feasible, this is one of the easiest to accomplish. You need to begin by establishing what your own main process patterns are. Once you have this insight, you simply take Adult control and behave in ways that break the pattern.
Carom Transaction is three handed. One person speaks to another while hoping to influence the third one who can overhear it. For example, a man may be too fearful to speak directly to is boss, so says something to a co – worker, hoping the boss will get the message.
Phenomenological diagnosis (Transactional analysis / TA is an integrative app...Manu Melwin Joy
In phenomenological diagnosis, I may re – experience the past instead of just remembering it. According to Berne, Phenomenological validation only occurs…If the individual can re – experience the whole ego state in full intensity with little weathering
Structural pathology - Transactional AnalysisManu Melwin Joy
Berne suggests that ego boundaries can be thought of as semi permeable membranes through which psychic energy can flow from one ego state to another. Some people continually act in unpredictable ways and others are so predictable they seem monotonous. These disorders are caused by ego state boundaries which are too lax or tight, have lesions or overlap. This is known as structural pathology.
Structure and function (Transactional analysis / TA is an integrative approac...Manu Melwin Joy
To use the ego state model effectively, you need clear understanding of the differences between structure and function. The functional model classifies observed behavior. The structural model classifies stored memories and strategies.
It is often the youngest child who gets a Don’t grow up injunction. The parents, in their Child ego state, may not want to let go of having a young kid around in the family. They may define their whole worth in terms of being a good father or a good mother.
Your Mother and Father both had their own parent, Adult and Child ego states. They transmitted script messages to you from all three of these ego states. You received these messages and filed them away in your own three ego states. From this realization, Claude Steiner developed what is now one of the central model of TA: the script matrix.
Berne suggested that the young child, early in the process of script formation already has certain convictions about himself and the people around him. These convictions are likely to stay with him the rest of his life.
We have three sides or 'ego-states' to our 'personality
Parent,
Adult and
Child
These ego states converse with one another in 'transactions' both internally and externally with other people (hence the name).
We are dominated alternately and to varying degrees by one of the three sides of our personality.
Discount matrix (Transactional analysis / TA is an integrative approach to th...Manu Melwin Joy
Discounting results in unresolved problems. Thus, if we can devise a systematic way of identifying the nature and intensity of discounting, we will have a powerful tool for problem solving. Such a tool is called discount matrix.
Life scripts definitions (Transactional analysis / TA is an integrative app...Manu Melwin Joy
The theory of script was developed by Eric Berne and his Co-workers, notably Claude Steiner, in the mid 1960’s. The concept of script has grown in importance as a part of TA theory, until now it ranks with the ego state model as a central idea of TA.
Discounting (Transactional analysis / TA is an integrative approach to the th...Manu Melwin Joy
Each time we meet a problem, We have two options. We can use the full power of our grown up thinking, feeling and action to solve the problem or We can go to into the script. Discounting is defined as unawarely ignoring information relevant to the solution to the problem.
Eric Berne defined a stroke as the “fundamental unit of social action”. A stroke is a unit of recognition, when one person recognizes another person. A stroke Can be Physical, Verbal or Non-verbal; Could be A hand shake, A compliment or A nod of the head;Could also be “Hello”, “Go away!” or A dismissive wave of the hand. (All of these acknowledge that the other person exists.)
Berne defined certain socially dysfunctional behavioural patterns as "games." According to Berne, Games are “sets of ulterior transactions, repetitive in nature, with a well-defined psychological payoff.” These repetitive, devious transactions are principally intended to obtain strokes, but instead they reinforce negative feelings and self-concepts, and mask the direct expression of thoughts and emotions.
In his book Games People Play, which achieved wide popular success in the early 1960s, Berne describes a series of games and gave them instantly recognizable names as:
"Why Don't You, Yes But"
"Now I've Got You, You SOB"
"I'm Only Trying To Help You".
According to Eric Berne, during first 5 years of life ,decisions about following crystallizes
Ourselves,
Our world and
Our relationships with others
These decisions are based on the pattern of strokes we receive from our parents and others which may be
Encouraging or
Disparaging
Based on these decisions, we assume one of four basic psychological life positions. (Discussed later)
Life positions determines our pattern of
Thinking,
Feeling, and
Behaving.
Our early existential decisions are reinforced by messages (both verbal and nonverbal) that we continue to receive during our lifetime.
It is also reinforced by the results of our games and interpretations of events.
Berne states that dysfunctional behaviour is the result of self-limiting decisions (made in childhood in the interest of survival) which culminate in an unhealthy life script.
Breaking out of process script patterns - Transactional AnalysisManu Melwin Joy
If you are uncomfortable with your process script, you can step out of it. Of all the personal changes TA makes feasible, this is one of the easiest to accomplish. You need to begin by establishing what your own main process patterns are. Once you have this insight, you simply take Adult control and behave in ways that break the pattern.
Carom Transaction is three handed. One person speaks to another while hoping to influence the third one who can overhear it. For example, a man may be too fearful to speak directly to is boss, so says something to a co – worker, hoping the boss will get the message.
Phenomenological diagnosis (Transactional analysis / TA is an integrative app...Manu Melwin Joy
In phenomenological diagnosis, I may re – experience the past instead of just remembering it. According to Berne, Phenomenological validation only occurs…If the individual can re – experience the whole ego state in full intensity with little weathering
Structural pathology - Transactional AnalysisManu Melwin Joy
Berne suggests that ego boundaries can be thought of as semi permeable membranes through which psychic energy can flow from one ego state to another. Some people continually act in unpredictable ways and others are so predictable they seem monotonous. These disorders are caused by ego state boundaries which are too lax or tight, have lesions or overlap. This is known as structural pathology.
Structure and function (Transactional analysis / TA is an integrative approac...Manu Melwin Joy
To use the ego state model effectively, you need clear understanding of the differences between structure and function. The functional model classifies observed behavior. The structural model classifies stored memories and strategies.
It is often the youngest child who gets a Don’t grow up injunction. The parents, in their Child ego state, may not want to let go of having a young kid around in the family. They may define their whole worth in terms of being a good father or a good mother.
Your Mother and Father both had their own parent, Adult and Child ego states. They transmitted script messages to you from all three of these ego states. You received these messages and filed them away in your own three ego states. From this realization, Claude Steiner developed what is now one of the central model of TA: the script matrix.
Berne suggested that the young child, early in the process of script formation already has certain convictions about himself and the people around him. These convictions are likely to stay with him the rest of his life.
We have three sides or 'ego-states' to our 'personality
Parent,
Adult and
Child
These ego states converse with one another in 'transactions' both internally and externally with other people (hence the name).
We are dominated alternately and to varying degrees by one of the three sides of our personality.
Discount matrix (Transactional analysis / TA is an integrative approach to th...Manu Melwin Joy
Discounting results in unresolved problems. Thus, if we can devise a systematic way of identifying the nature and intensity of discounting, we will have a powerful tool for problem solving. Such a tool is called discount matrix.
The reason is that it gives us a way of understanding why people behave in the way they do. We specially need this understanding when we are examining ways of behaving that seem on the face of it to be painful or self defeating.
As grown ups, we sometimes replay the strategies we decided upon as infants. At these times, we respond to here and now reality as if it were the world we pictured in our early decisions. When we do so, we are said to be in script or we are engaging in scripty behavior.
Combination of process themes - Transactional AnalysisManu Melwin Joy
We all show six of the process script patterns. But for most of us, one of the pattern is prominent. Jonathan shows mainly until script, Martha clearly lives out the Always pattern and so on.
My classmate writes for me to answer. I need to answer him and he.docxMARRY7
My classmate writes for me to answer. I need to answer him and her can you help with these question?
1- Brain posts this one for me to answer him. It seems that you have the highest score amongst us all, which would explain your line of work. Having your own company would require for you to be at the top or close to it. An extrovert has the ability to make it very far in life, because they have the ability to shine, or take over a room, which is needed. Companies want a person of that nature; I look for it all the time when I conduct interviews.
2- Anna posts this one for me to answer her. I would say my personality is strong and sensitive.
I am currently working at a "scrap company". We have a shredder, which means we recycle metals and ship them to the mills. My organizational environment has shifted. We used to be calmer and never worried about our jobs. We were treated nicer than we are now. Our president of the company retired and the vice president took his place. When this happened things changed for the worse.
One of my traits that do not work in an organizational culture is my emotional stability. I know things bother me more than other people. This trait gets in my way a lot. My second trait is extraversion. This trait gets me in trouble if I talk too much when I work.
The effect that an organizational culture might have on the personality traits are trying to be someone you are not. Sometimes we have to act and be a certain way in the workplace. This is a hard thing to learn sometimes.
Brian posts this for me to answer him. It seems as though I am well rounded based on my score. With my lowest score being an extrovert and my highest score in openness to experience, I believe these are good qualities to have so you can influence an organization. The need to be an extrovert in an organization is a plus if you want a promotion, as it can be seen as a soft skill. Being open to experience can help a company grow, and reach place it wouldn't think it could reach. It allows people to continue to learn and grow. I have worked on property management for the last eleven years on the operations side. Working in my line of work, you need to be well rounded in order to succeed, because we wear many hats daily.
Can you reword these answers for me in your own words? DO NOT use the same words as in the sentences.
A- Neema,
Your score does show that you are well rounded, which most project managers are because they have to. They have to be able to manage any project or team they are assigned to, if your scores had a big difference between them, I think it would affect you at your job.
B- I found this video to be very interesting because I had never thought of it that way. I do show that it is possible to change behavior to improve the environment of the workplace. It is very nice to work in a workplace where everyone works in harmony. When you get that person who doesn't want to work with others nicely it not only creates ...
These paragraphs are posted from some of my classmates and I need .docxssusera34210
These paragraphs are posted from some of my classmates and I need to answer them. Please do not copy the same words that they have written in these paragraphs use your own words. Thanks!
1- I agree with you in regards to how we feel can ultimately impact the day in either A positive or negative way . Most often times we hear about people who have bad mornings, and swear that the rest of the day is going to be bad. This is not a fact, it is a perception based on how we feel about the day that can change the outcome of the day. I find myself having to check my emotions and reassess my thoughts. I try to control my reaction to situations, and not let that carry on for the full day. I have seen employees who have bad coaching and immediately the deemener changes. It is so important to be aware of our reactions to things. Sometimes leadership does things simply to see how we react almost as a way of determining our ability to cope with difficult situations.
2- Hello Class,
I have to agree with all of you guys. In my past younger years, I have been all of the above, came in already having a bad day and let it be the tone for the rest of the day. I have also been the person who came in having a great day and have the one person who just knows how to ruin everyone's day, steal my joy and turn my perfectly great day into a horrible day. Something I learned from experience and training, is to take the emotion out of it. No matter what message you have to deliver when dealing with employees, you don't get excited, they should not see or feel any attitude or emotions.
3- Job satisfaction to me means I am doing something I enjoy and am happy doing it. If I wake up every morning hating what I am doing and hating having to get up and go into work I will not do a very good job at best I will go through the motions doing just enough to not get fired. I know that is probably pretty low for myself but I can no force myself to enjoy what I do just because I am getting a pay check. I took a good $100 week pay cut giving up the factory job I worked to go into training people in strength and fitness.
4-I believe you answered a lot of your own questions and doubts when you said you got the promotion for a reason. Obviously someone has the belief in you and your abilities or you would not have gotten it. That in it should fill you with confidence going forward and to question these things I think is a natural response that most all of us share. With all that being said as long as your ideas are well thought out and planned you should never be afraid to share them. Good luck in your new job
These paragraphs are posted from some of my classmates and I need to answer
them. Please
do not copy
the same words that they have written in these
paragraphs use your own words.
Thanks!
1
-
I agree with you in regards to how we feel can ultimately
impact the day in either A
positive or negative way . Most often times we hear about people who have bad
mornings ...
Unlocking Potential to Lead and InfluenceBizLibrary
Presenter: Eve Ash | Expert Presenter
Great leaders continue to learn and develop their skills throughout their careers. The problem is many of us hold ourselves back. It’s time to be challenged and to challenge your team.
This webinar is an ideal opportunity to sharpen your mind with Psychologist and Behavior Expert, Eve Ash. You’ll learn a unique psychological approach to motivation and success.
Key Learning Objectives:
Discover the 2 key attitudes for success and the impact of personal scripts on performance and potential
Discover how to develop and use a winning mindset so everyone at your organization achieves goals.
Overcome the 3 top fears that cause people to sabotage their own performance and remain stuck in their career
Find out how to use “Lands of W” to improve team communication
Learn the proven 4 step formula for achieving your goals
Gain confidence in presenting your vision, plans, decisions and ideas
Explain, clarify and influence with action oriented communication
Respond to each 250 words or more APARead 102After taking the .docxronak56
Respond to each 250 words or more APA
Read 102
After taking the Myers-Briggs test, I was given the ENFJ response. According to our text book that is categorized as someone who is welcoming and understanding of others, they like to see the best in people, are sensitive, but are good at bringing people together. This category can be at a disadvantage when it comes to working with people at their job. This person would constantly weigh the effects their actions would have on other people. They would consider those people's reactions, thoughts, and emotions before doing anything. This can cause the person to second guess themselves. The test results stated that such a person can have wavering self-esteem, this is where that comes into play.
I feel this is true for me, but more so in my personal life. I am more fact based and led when it comes to my work, but driven by the responses of others in my personal life. I have no problem saying what I think, but I often worry about people's thoughts after I do.
This personality type is excellent for bringing people together. In an environment where tension or differences are high, this individual can help bring them together. I have been told this has been something I have done. When I first started at my current job, not everyone got along. People stayed in their own groups, and those groups did not mingle. There was often tension among the different groups. I became friends with all of the people from the different groups. I found out later from a co-worker that this helped to bridge everyone together. Sure, there are still disagreements. However, we are at a place now where those disagreements can be resolved over time.
My boss also stated that I have used this skill on multiple occasions to rally every employee to cooperate and work together; a task she said is not easily done with our group.
I think with this personality type, you learn better in many ways. For me personally: I learn better with a mixture of all methods. it really depends on what the task is though. Overall, I am better being able to see it myself either demonstrated, or by reading it.
A person with a negative effect would be willing to point out the issues or hurdles with a plan. For example: we have a co-worker who can be challenging due to the more negative approach she has. However, she is usually able to spot any issues and is not afraid to point them out. Even though she can rub people the wrong way sometimes, she helps to bring about a sense of protection to the group. Often we might find issues, but are too afraid to say anything. We know that our needs will be heard and defended if she is in our group.
2b. Low self-monitors help to set the tone for what the environment should be. Their use of beliefs and values help create the foundation and building blocks that the culture for the company will be placed upon. The high self-monitors help adapt the environment and change with the times. Together the two sets of people ca ...
Olympia Mitsopoulou, a Solution Focused practitioner and certified coach, combines her parenting experiences with her coaching techniques and demonstrates how coaching an executive has similarities with developmental conversations with our kids.
It is true that the interview is more stressful than meeting the in-laws because you are being evaluated and assessed by individuals who will decide your destiny.
In order to calm you down before an interview, the interviewer and recruiters have advised you that there are no right or wrong answers. But the truth is: They almost always seek out a particular technique for responding.
And that motivates us to do this PowerPoint presentation. You'll be a true interview expert by the time you finish reading this 8 Common Interview Questions because we'll cover the most frequently asked inquiries and replies.
So, let’s get started to practice those top 8 Interview Questions and its Answers!
Q1.) Tell me about yourself.
Q2.) What are your strengths?
Q3.) What are your weaknesses?
Q4.) Where do you see yourself in next five years?
Q5.) What do you know about our company?
Q6.) How well do you handle change?
Q7.) Do you work well under pressure?
Q8.) How do you make important decisions?
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number 1answer this one in a pargraphAlthough you may not be.docxabhi353063
number 1
answer this one in a pargraph
Although you may not be a formal manager, you have opportunities to be a leader, even for a short time, as part of a team or as an individual.
In your current role how do you consider yourself a leader? What leadership theories best fit you as a leader? Which theories best fit you when you are leading and when you are a follower? Are the theories the same at all times? Why or why not?
number 2
reply to this one based on the above question
Right now I am a stay at home mother, so that is currently my leadership role. I am a leader to my son and because I am a parent, I see myself as being strong and authoritative, when it comes to the “leadership role” of being a mother.
I think the leadership theories that best fit me would be:
Situational
and
Transformational
.
I feel as though one of my greatest strengths is being able to adapt to new situations very easily. I can also adapt how I am, to each individual that I am with to best suit what is needed for them to strive at their respective position.
I also like to lead by example and am confident and optimistic in my decisions. When I have a goal that needs to be set, I stand by it and believe the outcome will come with hard work and the right goal setting.
The theory that best fits me as a follower would probably have to be
The Charismatic Leader
. I would like to have a leader that is going to be sympathetic + understanding to problems that occur in the workforce. Having a leader that is willing to make sacrificies for the best of the company and is confident is also very important.
I don’t believe that all of the Theories are the same. I believe that they all have the same basic approach, which is to lead a team, but the strategies behind each Theory is different.
number 3
below is 5 emails i sent out for pretend you will reply to each email as that person i wrote to. When you reply you will reply with feedback of my leadership style. When you do reply make sure all of the replys are very good about me.
Email 1.
Dear Samson Kollock
RE: INVITATION FOR A FEEDBACK ON PERSONAL BEHAVIOUR AND STYLE
I hope you are fine and in good health. I am writing this letter to provoke feedback from you concerning my personal behavioral style. I currently undertook a disc assessment so as to know my behaviors. As you may have heard, the assessment categorizes all individuals into four subsets of behavior.
The four subsets are namely: Dominance, influence, steadiness and conscientiousness.
Accordingly, the results implied that I am a person who places emphasis in accomplishing results. The results dictate that my behaviors are: I consist of seeing a big picture. I am blunt. I accept challenges and I get straight to the point. To make the results more reliable, I am requesting you to kindly let me know the kind of a person that I am. Kindly use the descriptive words that are mainly used to describe individuals in, accordance with the Disc assessment.
This is the article about confidence level, please read this article and share with your friend and family.
Please check out more articles about self-esteem, confidence etc. on by clicking here http://bit.ly/3tydaaH
Racket analysis - Transactional Analysis - Manu Melwin JoyManu Melwin Joy
Any time your experience a racket feeling, you are in script.
As children, we use racket feeling to get our needs met in families.
We attempt to manipulate the environment so as to gain the parental support we gained in childhood by experiencing and showing these racket feelings.
Contracts for change - transactional analysis - Manu Melwin JoyManu Melwin Joy
Berne defined a contract as an explicit bilateral commitment to a well defined course of action.
James and Jongeward defined contract as an adult commitment to one’s self and/or someone else to make a change.
Healthy symbiosis - transactional analysis - Manu Melwin JoyManu Melwin Joy
For example, I have just come out from under anesthetic after an operation. Nurse is holding my hands and telling : “ You will be alright. Just hang one to my hand”. At that point, my Adult and Parent are out of commission.
Frame of reference and redefining - transactional analysis - Manu Melwin JoyManu Melwin Joy
The frame of reference is defined by the Schiffs as the structure of associated responses which integrates the various ego states in response to specific stimuli.
Role of parent in frame of reference - transactional analysis - Manu Melwin...Manu Melwin Joy
The parent ego state plays a particularly important part in the formulation of the frame of reference. This is because our frame of reference consists of definitions of the world, self and others.
Frame of reference and ego states - transactional analysis - Manu Melwin JoyManu Melwin Joy
As an further aid to understanding the frame of reference, the Schiffs suggest that it can be thought of as a “skin that surrounds the ego states binding them together.
Frame of reference - transactional analysis - Manu Melwin JoyManu Melwin Joy
The frame of reference is defined by the Schiffs as the structure of associated responses which integrates the various ego states in response to specific stimuli.
Life scripts - Transactional analysis - Manu Melwin JoyManu Melwin Joy
The theory of script was developed by Eric Berne and his Co-workers, notably Claude Steiner, in the mid 1960’s.
The concept of script has grown in importance as a part of TA theory, until now it ranks with the ego state model as a central idea of TA.
Your miniscript patterns - transactional analysis - Manu Melwin JoyManu Melwin Joy
Think of some recent situations in which you responded to stress by feeling bad. In your imagination, re-play each situation up to the point where you just began experiencing the bad feeling.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2. Prepared By
Manu Melwin Joy
Research Scholar
School of Management Studies
CUSAT, Kerala, India.
Phone – 9744551114
Mail – manu_melwinjoy@yahoo.com
Kindly restrict the use of slides for personal purpose.
Please seek permission to reproduce the same in public
forms and presentations.
3. Script and the stress
• Stan Woollams has
suggested the idea of a
stress scale.
• The greater the stress, the
more likely the person is to
get into script.
• It we grade stress say from
1 to 10, I may get into script
in a situation that is
stressful at level 6 or higher.
• You may be able to go up to
to 8 before moving to
script.
4. Script and the stress
• Say I have a disagreement
with my immediate line
manager. This represents
only a level 3 stress. So I
stay out of script.
• I discuss our differences in
an Adult way. I reason that
my manager and I will
either work out a
compromise, or have to
agree to differ. If it’s the
latter, then no disaster.
5. Script and the stress
• But now the line manager
calls in the Director. An
argument with the boss
counts as level 6 on the
stress scale.
• I flip into script. Faced with
Director, I activate the same
physical reactions, feelings
and thoughts I used to have
as a child when my angry
father loomed over me like
a giant, shouting words of
abuse I couldn’t
understand.
6. Script and the stress
• Without realizing it
unconsciously, I have made the
Director ‘become’ my father.
And I respond as if I were a
terrified kid of three again.
• The stress scale is a good way of
pointing up the relationship
between stress and scripty
responses. It does not mean
that stress can make anyone go
into script.
• The movement to script is
decisional, even though the
decision is out of awareness.
7. Script and the stress
• It is probable that simply by
learning about script, I will
become able to take greater
stress before I move into scripty
behavior.
• If I undertake personal therapy,
I can further improve my ability
to problem solve rather than
reverting to scripty behavior.