Discounting (Transactional analysis / TA is an integrative approach to the th...Manu Melwin Joy
Each time we meet a problem, We have two options. We can use the full power of our grown up thinking, feeling and action to solve the problem or We can go to into the script. Discounting is defined as unawarely ignoring information relevant to the solution to the problem.
Achieving autonomy is the ultimate goal in transactional analysis.Being autonomous means being self governing, determining one’s own destiny, taking responsibility for one’s own actions and feelings and throwing off patterns that are irrelevant and inappropriate to living in the here and now
Frame of reference and redefining - transactional analysis - Manu Melwin JoyManu Melwin Joy
The frame of reference is defined by the Schiffs as the structure of associated responses which integrates the various ego states in response to specific stimuli.
Your Mother and Father both had their own parent, Adult and Child ego states. They transmitted script messages to you from all three of these ego states. You received these messages and filed them away in your own three ego states. From this realization, Claude Steiner developed what is now one of the central model of TA: the script matrix.
Discounting (Transactional analysis / TA is an integrative approach to the th...Manu Melwin Joy
Each time we meet a problem, We have two options. We can use the full power of our grown up thinking, feeling and action to solve the problem or We can go to into the script. Discounting is defined as unawarely ignoring information relevant to the solution to the problem.
Achieving autonomy is the ultimate goal in transactional analysis.Being autonomous means being self governing, determining one’s own destiny, taking responsibility for one’s own actions and feelings and throwing off patterns that are irrelevant and inappropriate to living in the here and now
Frame of reference and redefining - transactional analysis - Manu Melwin JoyManu Melwin Joy
The frame of reference is defined by the Schiffs as the structure of associated responses which integrates the various ego states in response to specific stimuli.
Your Mother and Father both had their own parent, Adult and Child ego states. They transmitted script messages to you from all three of these ego states. You received these messages and filed them away in your own three ego states. From this realization, Claude Steiner developed what is now one of the central model of TA: the script matrix.
In their work as therapist, Bob and Mary Goulding found that twelve themes emerged again and again as the basis for people’s negative early decisions. They developed the list of these twelve injunctions.
Breaking out of process script patterns - Transactional AnalysisManu Melwin Joy
If you are uncomfortable with your process script, you can step out of it. Of all the personal changes TA makes feasible, this is one of the easiest to accomplish. You need to begin by establishing what your own main process patterns are. Once you have this insight, you simply take Adult control and behave in ways that break the pattern.
People moving toward autonomy expand their personal capacities for awareness, spontaneity and intimacy. As this occurs, they develop integrated adult ego states.
Filtering more and more Parent and Child material through their Adult and learning new behavior patterns are parts of the integrating process.
Discount matrix (Transactional analysis / TA is an integrative approach to th...Manu Melwin Joy
Discounting results in unresolved problems. Thus, if we can devise a systematic way of identifying the nature and intensity of discounting, we will have a powerful tool for problem solving. Such a tool is called discount matrix.
Cure is a progressive process than a once off process. Cure is a matter of progressively learning to exercise new choices. Berne described script cure as follows:“ At a certain point, with the help of the therapist and his own Adult, the patient is capable of breaking out his script entirely and putting his own show on the road, with new characters, new roles, and a new plot and payoff. Such a script cure, which changes his character and his destiny, is also clinical cure, since most of his symptoms will be relieved by his re- decision.”
Passive behaviors - Discounting (Transactional analysis / TA is an integrativ...Manu Melwin Joy
When I discount, I do so by making statement to myself in my own head. Thus a discount itself is not observable. Since you can’t thought read, you have no way of knowing I am discounting unless I speak or act in some way which indicates the presence of the discount. These behaviors are known as passive behaviors.
A boy has been given Don’t exist injunction by his mother. To his little professor, the main priority is to work out a way of staying alive. One way is to take a counter injunction and use it to cover up the Don’t exist.
Contracts for change - transactional analysis - Manu Melwin JoyManu Melwin Joy
Berne defined a contract as an explicit bilateral commitment to a well defined course of action.
James and Jongeward defined contract as an adult commitment to one’s self and/or someone else to make a change.
Some people may take one of their script messages and turn it round to its opposite. They then follow this opposite instead of the original message. Most often, this is done with counterscript. When we act in this way, we are said to be in antiscript.
Structure and function (Transactional analysis / TA is an integrative approac...Manu Melwin Joy
To use the ego state model effectively, you need clear understanding of the differences between structure and function. The functional model classifies observed behavior. The structural model classifies stored memories and strategies.
Executive and real self (Transactional analysis / TA is an integrative approa...Manu Melwin Joy
When an ego state is dictating a person’s behavior, that ego state is said to have executive power. When a person experiences himself to be in a particular ego state, we say he is experiencing that ego state as his real self.
Mini script - Transactional Analysis - Manu Melwin JoyManu Melwin Joy
Drivers reflect a position of conditional OKness. They are manifestations of counter script messages. As with any other counter injunctions, drivers may perform the script function of defending against heavier decisions formed during injunction.
I am in parent contamination when I mistake parental slogans for adult reality. These are taught beliefs that are taken as facts. Berne call this prejudice. When a person is speaking about herself and say you instead of I, it is likely that the content of what follows will be parent contaminated.
Maritial games - Games People Play (Transactional analysis / TA is an integra...Manu Melwin Joy
Almost any game can form the scaffolding for married life and family living. Some of these games are tolerated longer, under the legal force of contractual intimacy.
Marital games can only be arbitrarily separated from sexual games .
Role of parent in frame of reference - transactional analysis - Manu Melwin...Manu Melwin Joy
The parent ego state plays a particularly important part in the formulation of the frame of reference. This is because our frame of reference consists of definitions of the world, self and others.
In their work as therapist, Bob and Mary Goulding found that twelve themes emerged again and again as the basis for people’s negative early decisions. They developed the list of these twelve injunctions.
Breaking out of process script patterns - Transactional AnalysisManu Melwin Joy
If you are uncomfortable with your process script, you can step out of it. Of all the personal changes TA makes feasible, this is one of the easiest to accomplish. You need to begin by establishing what your own main process patterns are. Once you have this insight, you simply take Adult control and behave in ways that break the pattern.
People moving toward autonomy expand their personal capacities for awareness, spontaneity and intimacy. As this occurs, they develop integrated adult ego states.
Filtering more and more Parent and Child material through their Adult and learning new behavior patterns are parts of the integrating process.
Discount matrix (Transactional analysis / TA is an integrative approach to th...Manu Melwin Joy
Discounting results in unresolved problems. Thus, if we can devise a systematic way of identifying the nature and intensity of discounting, we will have a powerful tool for problem solving. Such a tool is called discount matrix.
Cure is a progressive process than a once off process. Cure is a matter of progressively learning to exercise new choices. Berne described script cure as follows:“ At a certain point, with the help of the therapist and his own Adult, the patient is capable of breaking out his script entirely and putting his own show on the road, with new characters, new roles, and a new plot and payoff. Such a script cure, which changes his character and his destiny, is also clinical cure, since most of his symptoms will be relieved by his re- decision.”
Passive behaviors - Discounting (Transactional analysis / TA is an integrativ...Manu Melwin Joy
When I discount, I do so by making statement to myself in my own head. Thus a discount itself is not observable. Since you can’t thought read, you have no way of knowing I am discounting unless I speak or act in some way which indicates the presence of the discount. These behaviors are known as passive behaviors.
A boy has been given Don’t exist injunction by his mother. To his little professor, the main priority is to work out a way of staying alive. One way is to take a counter injunction and use it to cover up the Don’t exist.
Contracts for change - transactional analysis - Manu Melwin JoyManu Melwin Joy
Berne defined a contract as an explicit bilateral commitment to a well defined course of action.
James and Jongeward defined contract as an adult commitment to one’s self and/or someone else to make a change.
Some people may take one of their script messages and turn it round to its opposite. They then follow this opposite instead of the original message. Most often, this is done with counterscript. When we act in this way, we are said to be in antiscript.
Structure and function (Transactional analysis / TA is an integrative approac...Manu Melwin Joy
To use the ego state model effectively, you need clear understanding of the differences between structure and function. The functional model classifies observed behavior. The structural model classifies stored memories and strategies.
Executive and real self (Transactional analysis / TA is an integrative approa...Manu Melwin Joy
When an ego state is dictating a person’s behavior, that ego state is said to have executive power. When a person experiences himself to be in a particular ego state, we say he is experiencing that ego state as his real self.
Mini script - Transactional Analysis - Manu Melwin JoyManu Melwin Joy
Drivers reflect a position of conditional OKness. They are manifestations of counter script messages. As with any other counter injunctions, drivers may perform the script function of defending against heavier decisions formed during injunction.
I am in parent contamination when I mistake parental slogans for adult reality. These are taught beliefs that are taken as facts. Berne call this prejudice. When a person is speaking about herself and say you instead of I, it is likely that the content of what follows will be parent contaminated.
Maritial games - Games People Play (Transactional analysis / TA is an integra...Manu Melwin Joy
Almost any game can form the scaffolding for married life and family living. Some of these games are tolerated longer, under the legal force of contractual intimacy.
Marital games can only be arbitrarily separated from sexual games .
Role of parent in frame of reference - transactional analysis - Manu Melwin...Manu Melwin Joy
The parent ego state plays a particularly important part in the formulation of the frame of reference. This is because our frame of reference consists of definitions of the world, self and others.
Healthy symbiosis - transactional analysis - Manu Melwin JoyManu Melwin Joy
For example, I have just come out from under anesthetic after an operation. Nurse is holding my hands and telling : “ You will be alright. Just hang one to my hand”. At that point, my Adult and Parent are out of commission.
Symbiosis and script - transactional analysis - Manu Melwin JoyManu Melwin Joy
Thus in ideal parenting, the child’s caretaker will be employing Parent and Adult resources appropriately, while still not discounting her own Child. As the child grows, the parent will provide him with what is needed to complete each stage of development.
Frame of reference and ego states - transactional analysis - Manu Melwin JoyManu Melwin Joy
As an further aid to understanding the frame of reference, the Schiffs suggest that it can be thought of as a “skin that surrounds the ego states binding them together.
Frame of reference - transactional analysis - Manu Melwin JoyManu Melwin Joy
The frame of reference is defined by the Schiffs as the structure of associated responses which integrates the various ego states in response to specific stimuli.
Life scripts - Transactional analysis - Manu Melwin JoyManu Melwin Joy
The theory of script was developed by Eric Berne and his Co-workers, notably Claude Steiner, in the mid 1960’s.
The concept of script has grown in importance as a part of TA theory, until now it ranks with the ego state model as a central idea of TA.
The person with an Always script asks : “Why does this always happen to me?”. The Greek myth for Always is that of Arachne, who was good at embroidery. She was unwise enough to challenge the goddess Minerva to an embroidering contest. The outraged deity changed Arachne into a spider, condemned to spin her web fall all eternity.
Sisyphus and almost script - Transactional AnalysisManu Melwin Joy
Sisyphus was another character to fall foul of the touchy Greek gods. He was condemned to spend eternity pushing a huge rock up a hill. Every time he almost got to the top, he lost his grip on the rock and it rolled all the way down to the bottom again. Like Sisyphus, the modern day person with an Almost script says: “ I almost made it this time.”
The theme of Never is: “I can never get what I most want.” Andrew often says he would like to get into a steady relationship with a woman. But he has never done so.
Berne called this script pattern “Over and Over”. However, later writers have pointed out that all the patterns are lived over and over and so the title “Almost” has been adopted instead.
If I live out my script according to the Until pattern, my motto in life is: “I can’t have fun until I have finished my work.” They believe that “something good can’t happen until something less good has been finished.”
Try and collect - Life Game - Transactional AnalysisManu Melwin Joy
Try and Collect (TAC) is a mild money game commonly played by married couples and illustrates how a game is set up so that the player wins whichever way it goes.
short-questions/11.jpg
short-questions/Chapter.pdf
| Chapter One: Valuing Diversity 1
Chapter One: Valuing
Diversity
The wise are as rare as eagles that fly
high in the sky.
Bantu proverb
| Chapter One: Valuing Diversity 2
VALUING DIVERSITY
Chapter Objectives
After reading this chapter, you should be able to:
x know how to value diversity.
x understand what it takes to manage change.
x explain how the right or wrong attitude affects managing
change.
x clarify what it means to embrace diversity.
x see the connection between interrogating my thinking and
valuing diversity
x identify the three approaches to diversity.
x describe what is required for cultural competence.
Chapter One
| Chapter One: Valuing Diversity 3
Introduction
What is Diversity? Organizations use definitions of diversity that are almost as
diverse as the subject itself, but what is clear is that the central theme of ‘valuing
everyone as individuals – as employees, customers, and clients’ extends diversity
beyond what is legislated.
Business exists in competitive and changing markets, which means that all
employees must make significant contributions to business success and add value
in every conceivable manner, but everyone is different, so organizations will need
to be able to harness individual workers’ unique differences and convert them into
competitive advantage.1 When studying organizational phenomena, many
researchers state that employers implicitly assume that employees within
an organization are homogeneous.
Diversity researchers reject this assumption. Their work focuses on
questions that arise when the workforce is acknowledged as a heterogeneous mix
of people with different backgrounds, experiences, values, and identities.2 A
challenge of this type puts a premium on value systems that are inclusive, fair
and ethical. We know from the essential characteristics of the psychological
contract that employees expect their employers to value who they are.3 This is
why effective workplace diversity is so important to enhancing business
performance and, as research evidence shows, is correlated with good people
management.4
According to the change agenda, Managing Diversity: Linking Theory and
Practice to Business Performance Conference foreword by Dianah Worman:
[Type the company name] | Chapter One: Valuing Diversity 4
In the global market place of the twenty-first century, the pace of change in
business practice is considered faster than ever before. Organizations are striving
to keep one step ahead of competitors to gain and sustain market share and to
appease the increasingly voracious appetites of customers regarding products and
service delivery. Against this fluid background, the challenge organizations face is
to be able to respond to change in ways that assure survival.5
While change is a constant fac.
Chapter One Valuing Diversity 1 Chapter One Valuin.docxjoyjonna282
| Chapter One: Valuing Diversity 1
Chapter One: Valuing
Diversity
The wise are as rare as eagles that fly
high in the sky.
Bantu proverb
| Chapter One: Valuing Diversity 2
VALUING DIVERSITY
Chapter Objectives
After reading this chapter, you should be able to:
x know how to value diversity.
x understand what it takes to manage change.
x explain how the right or wrong attitude affects managing
change.
x clarify what it means to embrace diversity.
x see the connection between interrogating my thinking and
valuing diversity
x identify the three approaches to diversity.
x describe what is required for cultural competence.
Chapter One
| Chapter One: Valuing Diversity 3
Introduction
What is Diversity? Organizations use definitions of diversity that are almost as
diverse as the subject itself, but what is clear is that the central theme of ‘valuing
everyone as individuals – as employees, customers, and clients’ extends diversity
beyond what is legislated.
Business exists in competitive and changing markets, which means that all
employees must make significant contributions to business success and add value
in every conceivable manner, but everyone is different, so organizations will need
to be able to harness individual workers’ unique differences and convert them into
competitive advantage.1 When studying organizational phenomena, many
researchers state that employers implicitly assume that employees within
an organization are homogeneous.
Diversity researchers reject this assumption. Their work focuses on
questions that arise when the workforce is acknowledged as a heterogeneous mix
of people with different backgrounds, experiences, values, and identities.2 A
challenge of this type puts a premium on value systems that are inclusive, fair
and ethical. We know from the essential characteristics of the psychological
contract that employees expect their employers to value who they are.3 This is
why effective workplace diversity is so important to enhancing business
performance and, as research evidence shows, is correlated with good people
management.4
According to the change agenda, Managing Diversity: Linking Theory and
Practice to Business Performance Conference foreword by Dianah Worman:
[Type the company name] | Chapter One: Valuing Diversity 4
In the global market place of the twenty-first century, the pace of change in
business practice is considered faster than ever before. Organizations are striving
to keep one step ahead of competitors to gain and sustain market share and to
appease the increasingly voracious appetites of customers regarding products and
service delivery. Against this fluid background, the challenge organizations face is
to be able to respond to change in ways that assure survival.5
While change is a constant factor in today’s workplace, many of us perceive
change t ...
The objections of this presentation include: to experience and practice motivational interviewing, learn motivational interviewing styles and principles and see how it integrates into everyday practice.
People management skills_Interpersonal skills, Emotional Intelligence, Employee Engagement, Motivation and Conflict Resolution strategies and techniques
Value clarification - Individual OD interventions - Organizational Change an...manumelwin
Value clarification consists of "helping people clarify what their lives are for and what is worth working for.
It encourages students to define their own values and to understand others' values.
There is a seemingly never-ending cycle that erodes our executive presence and lurks behind some of our impulsive actions; this could be due to our experience, subconscious beliefs, and other factors.
As a business leader, how do you reclaim your confidence, influence and command attention? How do you balance tasks and relationships with your team? And do you have the ability to instil confidence in others?
In professional and personal settings, a leader has so many expectations. Among these requirements are self-awareness, emotional intelligence, role model figure, and speaking and acting with confidence.
The lack of executive presence has indelible consequences on the bottom line. Hence, you must develop the right skills and behaviours of this executive presence persona to manage your team better, drive productivity and achieve business success.
In this slide, you will find essential tips to help you build confidence, discard self-doubt and gain a deeper understanding of who you are.
You will also learn;
The Key traits of executive presence.
Strategies for developing impeccable executive presence.
The Eight forms of the never-ending cycle of self-doubt you did not realise.
Actionable tips to help you better handle emotional- triggers and fight-or-flight situations.
An employment counsellor advises, coaches, provides information to, and supports people who are planning, seeking and managing their career and life/work direction. Traditionally, employment counselors help their clients deal with vocational decisions concerning choice, changes in, or adjustment to work.
Racket analysis - Transactional Analysis - Manu Melwin JoyManu Melwin Joy
Any time your experience a racket feeling, you are in script.
As children, we use racket feeling to get our needs met in families.
We attempt to manipulate the environment so as to gain the parental support we gained in childhood by experiencing and showing these racket feelings.
Your miniscript patterns - transactional analysis - Manu Melwin JoyManu Melwin Joy
Think of some recent situations in which you responded to stress by feeling bad. In your imagination, re-play each situation up to the point where you just began experiencing the bad feeling.
Four myths underling drivers and rackets - transactional analysis - Manu Me...Manu Melwin Joy
Taibi Kahler suggests there are four myths which underlie drivers and rackets. They consists of two pairs. One of each pair comes from the parent. The other is a child response.
Position 4 – despairer (mini script) transactional analysis - Manu Melwin JoyManu Melwin Joy
If my early childhood experiences led me to conclude “ I am not OK and neither are you”, I may move to this I-U- life position during my miniscript sequence. If so, I arrive at miniscript position 4, the despairer, I may get there directly from position 2 or take a detour via position 3.
Position 3 blamer (mini script) transactional analysis - Manu Melwin JoyManu Melwin Joy
Suppose that as a child, I decided I was more comfortable blaming others for not – Ok occurrences than blaming myself. In that case, I may rapidly shift to the third position on the miniscript, the blamer.
Position 2 stopper (mini script) transactional analysis - Manu Melwin JoyManu Melwin Joy
Suppose that as an infant, I made the combined decision “ I am OK to belong, so long as I am perfect”. Imagine I am at a party. As I talk to the group around me, I move in and out of my be perfect driver.
Position 1 driver (mini script) transactional analysis - Manu Melwin JoyManu Melwin Joy
The mini script sequence always begins with a driver. As I listen to the counter script message in my head, I show the corresponding driver behavior. It lasts from half a second to seven seconds at the most.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
2. Prepared By
Manu Melwin Joy
Assistant Professor
Ilahia School of Management Studies
Kerala, India.
Phone – 9744551114
Mail – manu_melwinjoy@yahoo.com
Kindly restrict the use of slides for personal purpose.
Please seek permission to reproduce the same in public forms and presentations.
3. Redefining Transactions
• When I redefine, I do so
internally. How will you
know from my outward
behavior whether or not
I am redefining?
4. Redefining Transactions
• The only external clue is
that you will see or hear
me discounting. Thus the
signals of discounting are
the external
manifestations that
redefining is taking place
internally.
6. Redefining Transactions
• Discounting done by an
individual can be
recognized from various
behavioral clues. These
same clues, then, also
tell you that the person
is redefining.
7. Redefining Transactions
• We also know someone
is redefining if he shows
grandiosity or a thinking
disorder, which are
typical accompaniment
to discounting.
8. Redefining Transactions
• There are two distinctive
transactions that give
clear verbal evidence of
redefining. They are the
tangential transactions
and the blocking
transactions.