Berne defined a contract as an explicit bilateral commitment to a well defined course of action.
James and Jongeward defined contract as an adult commitment to one’s self and/or someone else to make a change.
People moving toward autonomy expand their personal capacities for awareness, spontaneity and intimacy. As this occurs, they develop integrated adult ego states.
Filtering more and more Parent and Child material through their Adult and learning new behavior patterns are parts of the integrating process.
Your Mother and Father both had their own parent, Adult and Child ego states. They transmitted script messages to you from all three of these ego states. You received these messages and filed them away in your own three ego states. From this realization, Claude Steiner developed what is now one of the central model of TA: the script matrix.
Some people may take one of their script messages and turn it round to its opposite. They then follow this opposite instead of the original message. Most often, this is done with counterscript. When we act in this way, we are said to be in antiscript.
People moving toward autonomy expand their personal capacities for awareness, spontaneity and intimacy. As this occurs, they develop integrated adult ego states.
Filtering more and more Parent and Child material through their Adult and learning new behavior patterns are parts of the integrating process.
Your Mother and Father both had their own parent, Adult and Child ego states. They transmitted script messages to you from all three of these ego states. You received these messages and filed them away in your own three ego states. From this realization, Claude Steiner developed what is now one of the central model of TA: the script matrix.
Some people may take one of their script messages and turn it round to its opposite. They then follow this opposite instead of the original message. Most often, this is done with counterscript. When we act in this way, we are said to be in antiscript.
Achieving autonomy is the ultimate goal in transactional analysis.Being autonomous means being self governing, determining one’s own destiny, taking responsibility for one’s own actions and feelings and throwing off patterns that are irrelevant and inappropriate to living in the here and now
In their work as therapist, Bob and Mary Goulding found that twelve themes emerged again and again as the basis for people’s negative early decisions. They developed the list of these twelve injunctions.
Discounting (Transactional analysis / TA is an integrative approach to the th...Manu Melwin Joy
Each time we meet a problem, We have two options. We can use the full power of our grown up thinking, feeling and action to solve the problem or We can go to into the script. Discounting is defined as unawarely ignoring information relevant to the solution to the problem.
Discount matrix (Transactional analysis / TA is an integrative approach to th...Manu Melwin Joy
Discounting results in unresolved problems. Thus, if we can devise a systematic way of identifying the nature and intensity of discounting, we will have a powerful tool for problem solving. Such a tool is called discount matrix.
This injunction can be conveyed to a child by parents who have a boy when they wanted a girl or vice versa. Their non verbal message is “Don’t be the sex you are”.
Racket analysis - Transactional Analysis - Manu Melwin JoyManu Melwin Joy
Any time your experience a racket feeling, you are in script.
As children, we use racket feeling to get our needs met in families.
We attempt to manipulate the environment so as to gain the parental support we gained in childhood by experiencing and showing these racket feelings.
Mini script - Transactional Analysis - Manu Melwin JoyManu Melwin Joy
Drivers reflect a position of conditional OKness. They are manifestations of counter script messages. As with any other counter injunctions, drivers may perform the script function of defending against heavier decisions formed during injunction.
According to Eric Berne, whenever people get together in pairs or groups, there are six different ways in which they can spend their time and it is known as time structuring.
Structure and function (Transactional analysis / TA is an integrative approac...Manu Melwin Joy
To use the ego state model effectively, you need clear understanding of the differences between structure and function. The functional model classifies observed behavior. The structural model classifies stored memories and strategies.
The process of analyzing personality in terms of ego states is called structural analysis. Eric Berne defined an ego state as a consistent pattern of feeling and experience directly related to a corresponding consistent pattern of behaviour.
Fanita English has described a specially virulent kind of script message which she calls episcript. Here, a parent conveys an injunction and adds to it the non verbal message: “ I hope this happens to you, so that it wont have to happen to me.”
Life scripts definitions (Transactional analysis / TA is an integrative app...Manu Melwin Joy
The theory of script was developed by Eric Berne and his Co-workers, notably Claude Steiner, in the mid 1960’s. The concept of script has grown in importance as a part of TA theory, until now it ranks with the ego state model as a central idea of TA.
Words :
Hurry, quick, get going, let’s go, no time to…
Tone :
Staccato, machine gun like. Sometimes the person in Hurry up will rush the words out so quickly that she scramble them up.
Gestures :
Finger tapping, foot tapping or wagging, wriggling round in the chair, repetitive checking of watch.
Structural pathology - Transactional AnalysisManu Melwin Joy
Berne suggests that ego boundaries can be thought of as semi permeable membranes through which psychic energy can flow from one ego state to another. Some people continually act in unpredictable ways and others are so predictable they seem monotonous. These disorders are caused by ego state boundaries which are too lax or tight, have lesions or overlap. This is known as structural pathology.
Berne's energy theory - Cathexis (Transactional analysis / TA is an integrati...Manu Melwin Joy
Eric Berne developed a theoretical explanation of what happens when we shift executive power and our sense of real self between one ego state and another. Berne followed Freud in hypothesizing the concept of psychic energy or cathexis.
Achieving autonomy is the ultimate goal in transactional analysis.Being autonomous means being self governing, determining one’s own destiny, taking responsibility for one’s own actions and feelings and throwing off patterns that are irrelevant and inappropriate to living in the here and now
In their work as therapist, Bob and Mary Goulding found that twelve themes emerged again and again as the basis for people’s negative early decisions. They developed the list of these twelve injunctions.
Discounting (Transactional analysis / TA is an integrative approach to the th...Manu Melwin Joy
Each time we meet a problem, We have two options. We can use the full power of our grown up thinking, feeling and action to solve the problem or We can go to into the script. Discounting is defined as unawarely ignoring information relevant to the solution to the problem.
Discount matrix (Transactional analysis / TA is an integrative approach to th...Manu Melwin Joy
Discounting results in unresolved problems. Thus, if we can devise a systematic way of identifying the nature and intensity of discounting, we will have a powerful tool for problem solving. Such a tool is called discount matrix.
This injunction can be conveyed to a child by parents who have a boy when they wanted a girl or vice versa. Their non verbal message is “Don’t be the sex you are”.
Racket analysis - Transactional Analysis - Manu Melwin JoyManu Melwin Joy
Any time your experience a racket feeling, you are in script.
As children, we use racket feeling to get our needs met in families.
We attempt to manipulate the environment so as to gain the parental support we gained in childhood by experiencing and showing these racket feelings.
Mini script - Transactional Analysis - Manu Melwin JoyManu Melwin Joy
Drivers reflect a position of conditional OKness. They are manifestations of counter script messages. As with any other counter injunctions, drivers may perform the script function of defending against heavier decisions formed during injunction.
According to Eric Berne, whenever people get together in pairs or groups, there are six different ways in which they can spend their time and it is known as time structuring.
Structure and function (Transactional analysis / TA is an integrative approac...Manu Melwin Joy
To use the ego state model effectively, you need clear understanding of the differences between structure and function. The functional model classifies observed behavior. The structural model classifies stored memories and strategies.
The process of analyzing personality in terms of ego states is called structural analysis. Eric Berne defined an ego state as a consistent pattern of feeling and experience directly related to a corresponding consistent pattern of behaviour.
Fanita English has described a specially virulent kind of script message which she calls episcript. Here, a parent conveys an injunction and adds to it the non verbal message: “ I hope this happens to you, so that it wont have to happen to me.”
Life scripts definitions (Transactional analysis / TA is an integrative app...Manu Melwin Joy
The theory of script was developed by Eric Berne and his Co-workers, notably Claude Steiner, in the mid 1960’s. The concept of script has grown in importance as a part of TA theory, until now it ranks with the ego state model as a central idea of TA.
Words :
Hurry, quick, get going, let’s go, no time to…
Tone :
Staccato, machine gun like. Sometimes the person in Hurry up will rush the words out so quickly that she scramble them up.
Gestures :
Finger tapping, foot tapping or wagging, wriggling round in the chair, repetitive checking of watch.
Structural pathology - Transactional AnalysisManu Melwin Joy
Berne suggests that ego boundaries can be thought of as semi permeable membranes through which psychic energy can flow from one ego state to another. Some people continually act in unpredictable ways and others are so predictable they seem monotonous. These disorders are caused by ego state boundaries which are too lax or tight, have lesions or overlap. This is known as structural pathology.
Berne's energy theory - Cathexis (Transactional analysis / TA is an integrati...Manu Melwin Joy
Eric Berne developed a theoretical explanation of what happens when we shift executive power and our sense of real self between one ego state and another. Berne followed Freud in hypothesizing the concept of psychic energy or cathexis.
How Commercial Contract Will Affect Your Retirement.pdfLucaswilliams29
Commercial contracts are important documents that should be properly drafted to avoid litigation and protect both the business and its employees. Businesses of all Types/Sectors should have a contract in place to protect their interests, whether they are commercial real estate speculators, farmers, restaurant owners or even small businesses
What Is a Placement Agreement: A Complete OverviewBnher.com
A Placement Agreement is a contractual arrangement that outlines the terms and conditions regarding the placement or assignment of an individual, often a student or employee, in a specific program, role, or setting. This comprehensive guide explores the fundamental aspects of Placement Agreements, their purposes, and the key considerations involved.
Symbiosis and script - transactional analysis - Manu Melwin JoyManu Melwin Joy
Thus in ideal parenting, the child’s caretaker will be employing Parent and Adult resources appropriately, while still not discounting her own Child. As the child grows, the parent will provide him with what is needed to complete each stage of development.
Healthy symbiosis - transactional analysis - Manu Melwin JoyManu Melwin Joy
For example, I have just come out from under anesthetic after an operation. Nurse is holding my hands and telling : “ You will be alright. Just hang one to my hand”. At that point, my Adult and Parent are out of commission.
Frame of reference and redefining - transactional analysis - Manu Melwin JoyManu Melwin Joy
The frame of reference is defined by the Schiffs as the structure of associated responses which integrates the various ego states in response to specific stimuli.
Role of parent in frame of reference - transactional analysis - Manu Melwin...Manu Melwin Joy
The parent ego state plays a particularly important part in the formulation of the frame of reference. This is because our frame of reference consists of definitions of the world, self and others.
Frame of reference and ego states - transactional analysis - Manu Melwin JoyManu Melwin Joy
As an further aid to understanding the frame of reference, the Schiffs suggest that it can be thought of as a “skin that surrounds the ego states binding them together.
Frame of reference - transactional analysis - Manu Melwin JoyManu Melwin Joy
The frame of reference is defined by the Schiffs as the structure of associated responses which integrates the various ego states in response to specific stimuli.
Life scripts - Transactional analysis - Manu Melwin JoyManu Melwin Joy
The theory of script was developed by Eric Berne and his Co-workers, notably Claude Steiner, in the mid 1960’s.
The concept of script has grown in importance as a part of TA theory, until now it ranks with the ego state model as a central idea of TA.
Your miniscript patterns - transactional analysis - Manu Melwin JoyManu Melwin Joy
Think of some recent situations in which you responded to stress by feeling bad. In your imagination, re-play each situation up to the point where you just began experiencing the bad feeling.
Four myths underling drivers and rackets - transactional analysis - Manu Me...Manu Melwin Joy
Taibi Kahler suggests there are four myths which underlie drivers and rackets. They consists of two pairs. One of each pair comes from the parent. The other is a child response.
Position 4 – despairer (mini script) transactional analysis - Manu Melwin JoyManu Melwin Joy
If my early childhood experiences led me to conclude “ I am not OK and neither are you”, I may move to this I-U- life position during my miniscript sequence. If so, I arrive at miniscript position 4, the despairer, I may get there directly from position 2 or take a detour via position 3.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
2. Prepared By
Manu Melwin Joy
Assistant Professor
SCMS School of Technology and Management
Kerala, India.
Phone – 9744551114
Mail – manu_melwinjoy@yahoo.com
Kindly restrict the use of slides for personal purpose.
Please seek permission to reproduce the same in public forms and presentations.
3. Definition of Contract
Berne defined a
contract as an explicit
bilateral commitment
to a well defined
course of action.
4. Definition of Contract
James and Jongeward
defined contract as an
adult commitment to
one’s self and/or
someone else to make
a change.
5. Definition of Contract
Contracts specify
• Who both parties are.
• What it is they are
going to do together.
• How long this will take.
9. Types of Contract
TA Practitioners
distinguishes two different
kinds of contracts.
• The administrative or
business contract and
• The clinical or
treatment contract.
10. Business Contract
The business contract is an
agreement between the
practitioner and client
about the details of
payment and
administrative
arrangements for their
work together.
11. Treatment Contract
In the treatment contract ,
the client sets out clearly
what changes he wants to
make, and specifies what
he is willing to do to help
bring about these changes.
12. Treatment Contract
The practitioner says
whether she is willing to
work with the client in the
achievement of his desired
changes, and states what
her input to this process
will be.