The document provides information on scrap handling equipment from CVS Makina, including scrap preparing systems, shear and press systems, shredders, pre-heating systems, and cleaning systems. CVS Makina designs and manufactures equipment for processing scrap metal to produce high density bales and ensure homogeneous furnace charges. The systems are designed for ease of maintenance and maximum productivity.
The document discusses paper batteries, which are flexible, ultra-thin energy storage devices made by combining carbon nanotubes with paper. A paper battery acts as both a battery and supercapacitor. It has advantages over traditional lithium-ion batteries such as being thinner, more flexible, and operating over a wider temperature range. Paper batteries are constructed by coating carbon nanotube films onto substrates and sandwiching them between electrolyte layers and paper. They work by producing electrons through the interaction of electrolytes during charging and discharging. Potential applications include powering small electronics and medical devices.
The document discusses paper batteries, which are flexible energy storage devices made of carbon nanotubes and paper. Paper batteries can be constructed in several ways and work similarly to conventional batteries by using chemical reactions to produce electrons that flow through an external circuit. They have applications in portable electronics due to their thinness and flexibility. While expensive to produce and low strength, paper batteries may advance capabilities for medical implantable devices and consumer electronics due to their paper-like qualities and potential for steady power production.
- Edward G Acheson produced silicon carbide in 1891 while experimenting to create a hard material by passing an electric current through a mixture of clay and coke. He recognized its abrasive properties, patented it, and formed The Carborundum Company.
- Silicon carbide is produced in furnaces and has properties of hardness, heat resistance, electrical conductivity, and strength at high temperatures. It can be used to replace ferroalloys in iron and steel production.
- Using silicon carbide provides benefits over ferroalloys like more efficient graphite formation, lower impurities, and reduced production costs.
This document discusses night vision technology. It begins by explaining that night vision allows humans to see in the dark using equipment, and was originally developed for military use. It then describes the two main types of night vision technology: image intensifiers and thermal imaging. Image intensifiers work by amplifying existing light, while thermal imaging detects infrared radiation emitted by warm objects. The document outlines some common night vision devices and their applications in security, hunting, and military operations. It concludes by noting that night vision has advanced significantly since the 1940s and has important defensive and scientific uses, though some civilian applications are restricted by law.
Ultrasonic welding uses high-frequency sound waves to melt and bond materials like plastics and thin metals together without needing bolts, solder, or adhesives. The sound waves generate heat through friction to join the materials in under 3 seconds. It allows for precise welding of very thin materials with minimal surface deformation or defects. However, it is best for thin materials and may not be economical for all applications.
Laser cladding is a process that uses a laser to melt and consolidate powdered material in order to coat a substrate. The powder is injected into the melt pool created by the interaction of the laser with the substrate. As the substrate moves, the melt pool solidifies, building up a track of solid metal. Different materials can be used for the powder depending on the desired properties, such as corrosion or wear resistance. Laser cladding is useful for repairing worn parts and coating components to improve properties. It provides benefits like a strong metallurgical bond between the coating and substrate.
Seminar on night vision technology pptdeepakmarndi
ppt of night vission technology. this is made under the guidance of teacher. withe this report also given in theis side. main things report is given according to the ppt...........
This presentation provides an overview of optical sensors, including their introduction, working principles, classification, applications, and future trends. Optical sensors are classified as either extrinsic or intrinsic based on whether the light interacts with the measurand inside or outside of the optical fiber. They have a wide range of applications in areas such as temperature, chemical concentration, strain, biomedical, and more. The presentation concludes that optical sensor technology will continue to improve and be an important area of research going forward.
The document discusses paper batteries, which are flexible, ultra-thin energy storage devices made by combining carbon nanotubes with paper. A paper battery acts as both a battery and supercapacitor. It has advantages over traditional lithium-ion batteries such as being thinner, more flexible, and operating over a wider temperature range. Paper batteries are constructed by coating carbon nanotube films onto substrates and sandwiching them between electrolyte layers and paper. They work by producing electrons through the interaction of electrolytes during charging and discharging. Potential applications include powering small electronics and medical devices.
The document discusses paper batteries, which are flexible energy storage devices made of carbon nanotubes and paper. Paper batteries can be constructed in several ways and work similarly to conventional batteries by using chemical reactions to produce electrons that flow through an external circuit. They have applications in portable electronics due to their thinness and flexibility. While expensive to produce and low strength, paper batteries may advance capabilities for medical implantable devices and consumer electronics due to their paper-like qualities and potential for steady power production.
- Edward G Acheson produced silicon carbide in 1891 while experimenting to create a hard material by passing an electric current through a mixture of clay and coke. He recognized its abrasive properties, patented it, and formed The Carborundum Company.
- Silicon carbide is produced in furnaces and has properties of hardness, heat resistance, electrical conductivity, and strength at high temperatures. It can be used to replace ferroalloys in iron and steel production.
- Using silicon carbide provides benefits over ferroalloys like more efficient graphite formation, lower impurities, and reduced production costs.
This document discusses night vision technology. It begins by explaining that night vision allows humans to see in the dark using equipment, and was originally developed for military use. It then describes the two main types of night vision technology: image intensifiers and thermal imaging. Image intensifiers work by amplifying existing light, while thermal imaging detects infrared radiation emitted by warm objects. The document outlines some common night vision devices and their applications in security, hunting, and military operations. It concludes by noting that night vision has advanced significantly since the 1940s and has important defensive and scientific uses, though some civilian applications are restricted by law.
Ultrasonic welding uses high-frequency sound waves to melt and bond materials like plastics and thin metals together without needing bolts, solder, or adhesives. The sound waves generate heat through friction to join the materials in under 3 seconds. It allows for precise welding of very thin materials with minimal surface deformation or defects. However, it is best for thin materials and may not be economical for all applications.
Laser cladding is a process that uses a laser to melt and consolidate powdered material in order to coat a substrate. The powder is injected into the melt pool created by the interaction of the laser with the substrate. As the substrate moves, the melt pool solidifies, building up a track of solid metal. Different materials can be used for the powder depending on the desired properties, such as corrosion or wear resistance. Laser cladding is useful for repairing worn parts and coating components to improve properties. It provides benefits like a strong metallurgical bond between the coating and substrate.
Seminar on night vision technology pptdeepakmarndi
ppt of night vission technology. this is made under the guidance of teacher. withe this report also given in theis side. main things report is given according to the ppt...........
This presentation provides an overview of optical sensors, including their introduction, working principles, classification, applications, and future trends. Optical sensors are classified as either extrinsic or intrinsic based on whether the light interacts with the measurand inside or outside of the optical fiber. They have a wide range of applications in areas such as temperature, chemical concentration, strain, biomedical, and more. The presentation concludes that optical sensor technology will continue to improve and be an important area of research going forward.
Superconductivity in Electric Power Sector discusses applications of superconductors in the electric power sector. There are two types of superconductors - low temperature superconductors (LTS) and high temperature superconductors (HTS). LTS have lower critical temperatures requiring expensive liquid helium for cooling, while HTS can be cooled with liquid nitrogen. Potential applications discussed include superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES), which stores electricity in magnetic fields with near-zero losses; power transmission cables with reduced resistive losses; more efficient transformers; and fault current limiters providing protection against surges. Further research aims to develop room temperature superconductors for revolutionizing electronics, power and transportation.
The document describes the LIGA process for fabricating microdevices. It involves three main steps: (1) X-ray lithography to pattern thick photoresist layers, (2) electroplating of metal into the pattern, and (3) removal of the photoresist template to produce free-standing metal microstructures. Key aspects of the LIGA process include using synchrotron radiation for X-ray exposure due to its high intensity and tunability, as well as the ability to create high-aspect-ratio microstructures through thick-resist exposure and development.
Silicon carbide is a compound of silicon and carbon with the chemical formula SiC. It occurs naturally as the rare mineral moissanite. Mass production of silicon carbide powder began in 1893 for use as an abrasive. Edward Acheson produced silicon carbide experimentally in 1891 and patented the process, founding the Carborundum Company. Silicon carbide exists in over 250 crystalline structures and polymorphs. It has excellent chemical and physical properties including high hardness, thermal conductivity, resistance to acids and heat. The main production method involves heating quartz sand and carbon in an electric resistance furnace above 2000°C. Silicon carbide has many applications due to its properties, including use in abrasives, automotive brake discs
This document provides an overview of wire electrical discharge grinding (WEDG). WEDG is a micro machining process that uses electrical discharges between a rotating workpiece and a traveling wire electrode to remove material without mechanical contact. Key parameters that affect the WEDG process include voltage, capacitance, spindle speed, and feed rate, which determine the discharge energy and ultimately the material removal rate, surface finish, and machining time. The WEDG process provides advantages such as high precision tolerances and the ability to machine complex and delicate parts without mechanical forces or burrs.
This presentation provides an overview of fingerprint scanners. It discusses the history of fingerprint recognition from the 1800s to modern day uses in mobile phones. The general structure of fingerprint scanners is described, including optical and capacitive technologies. Fingerprint patterns like loops, whorls and arches are defined, along with features used for identification. Fingerprint matching techniques including minutiae-based and correlation-based approaches are covered. The latest 3D scanning technology is introduced. Common applications are listed along with advantages of high accuracy and disadvantages of potential errors from dirty fingers.
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is a process used to produce high-purity solid materials through chemical reactions of vapor phase precursors on a substrate. Key steps include transport of reactants to the substrate surface, adsorption and decomposition reactions, and removal of byproducts. CVD processes are classified based on operating pressure and can be used to deposit a variety of materials through control of temperature, precursor gases, and other parameters.
The document discusses optical computers and their components. It describes how optical computers use photons rather than electric current to perform computations. This allows optical computers to operate at much higher speeds without generating as much heat. The document outlines several key components that could enable optical computing, such as lasers, fibers, and optical memory. It envisions how optical computers of the future may be much smaller, faster, and more powerful than traditional electronic computers.
Audio spotlighting uses ultrasonic waves to create a narrow, focused beam of sound. It was invented by Dr. F. Joseph Pompei and allows specific listeners to hear sound without others nearby. It works by modulating an audio signal with ultrasonic frequencies, which through the nonlinearity of air generates new audible frequencies that can be focused into a beam. Its applications include targeted communication for safety officials in crowds and descriptive audio for museum exhibits without disturbing other listeners.
Audio spotlighting is a technology that uses ultrasonic sound beams to direct audible sound to specific locations, similar to flashlight beams directing light. It was invented in the 1970s and uses parametric arrays to modulate ultrasonic frequencies onto a signal and create audible sound through nonlinear interactions with air. This allows very narrow beams of sound to be produced. Audio spotlighting has applications in focused sound zones for public spaces, retail stores, and more, as it can deliver sound to only a targeted area without disturbing others. It provides sharper directivity and control over sound placement compared to conventional speakers.
Recent advances in photocatalytic reactors were summarized in 3 sentences or less:
The document reviewed various photocatalytic reactor designs used to degrade organic pollutants like pesticides and dyes, as well as microorganisms, using different catalysts like TiO2 and light sources like sunlight and UV lamps. Reactors included batch, continuous flow, and thin film designs. Degradation rates of over 90% were typically achieved for various contaminants like monocrotophos, acetamiprid, thiabendazole, methyl orange, and rhodamine B.
The document discusses an 8K resolution camera system. It describes two methods for creating 8K images - a four sensor imaging method that uses separate sensors for red, blue, green 1, and green 2 light, and a three 33-megapixel CMOS sensor method. It provides details on the specifications and components of the 8K camera, benefits of 8K format including higher image quality, and trials of distributing 8K digital cinema content over networks.
Surface acoustic wave sensors rely on modulating and transducing surface acoustic waves to sense physical phenomena. They have advantages including compact size, high sensitivity, fast response, and ability to operate wirelessly in harsh environments. A basic SAW sensor consists of a piezoelectric substrate with input and output interdigital transducers to launch and receive surface acoustic waves. The transducers convert between electrical and mechanical surface waves, allowing remote sensing by analyzing signal changes induced by external factors interacting with the waves.
This lecture covers pressure sensor theory, fabrication processes, and safety concerns. It discusses two main types of pressure sensors - capacitive and piezoresistive - and describes the process used to create a piezoresistive pressure sensor using boron diffusion on silicon wafers. Key steps include cleaning, oxidation, photolithography, diffusion, backside etching, contact patterning, and anodic bonding. Safety hazards from chemicals like hydrofluoric acid are also addressed.
The document discusses ultrasonic drilling, including its history, working principle, process parameters, applications, advantages, and limitations. Ultrasonic drilling uses high-frequency ultrasonic vibrations to remove material through direct impact of abrasive particles. It can drill very hard and brittle materials. The document reviews several studies that demonstrate improvements in hole quality and reductions in cutting forces compared to conventional drilling. Parameters like amplitude, frequency, abrasive size, and concentration influence the process.
This document is a term project on shape memory alloys (SMAs) by Suresh Daravath at South Dakota State University. It provides an outline and overview of SMAs, including their history, types, characteristics, properties, applications, and future potential. SMAs are smart materials that can return to their original shape after being deformed by heat. They have properties like superelasticity and allow large recoverable strains. Common applications of SMAs include use in aircraft, automobiles, robotics, civil structures, and medical devices like stents. The future of SMAs is promising as research continues on innovative applications in fields like engineering.
The document discusses different types and production processes of steel. It begins by introducing different types of steel based on carbon content, such as mild steel and alloy steels. It then describes the basic steelmaking route involving iron making, primary and secondary steelmaking, and continuous casting. The main secondary steelmaking processes discussed are AOD, VOD, CLU, ladle furnace treatment, and RH degassing. Each process's purpose and functioning are explained briefly.
The document discusses steelmaking optimization in mini-mills using high impedance AC electric arc furnace (EAF) arc regulation with AMI Automation's Power Input Optimization system. It describes how using reactors and transformer taps allows operating the EAF at higher impedance for longer arcs with lower current and harmonics. Case studies show the system increased average power 3-5%, reduced energy and electrode consumption, and improved productivity at various steel mills. The system monitors conditions and automatically selects transformer taps and arc length to optimize power input over the heat.
Superconductivity in Electric Power Sector discusses applications of superconductors in the electric power sector. There are two types of superconductors - low temperature superconductors (LTS) and high temperature superconductors (HTS). LTS have lower critical temperatures requiring expensive liquid helium for cooling, while HTS can be cooled with liquid nitrogen. Potential applications discussed include superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES), which stores electricity in magnetic fields with near-zero losses; power transmission cables with reduced resistive losses; more efficient transformers; and fault current limiters providing protection against surges. Further research aims to develop room temperature superconductors for revolutionizing electronics, power and transportation.
The document describes the LIGA process for fabricating microdevices. It involves three main steps: (1) X-ray lithography to pattern thick photoresist layers, (2) electroplating of metal into the pattern, and (3) removal of the photoresist template to produce free-standing metal microstructures. Key aspects of the LIGA process include using synchrotron radiation for X-ray exposure due to its high intensity and tunability, as well as the ability to create high-aspect-ratio microstructures through thick-resist exposure and development.
Silicon carbide is a compound of silicon and carbon with the chemical formula SiC. It occurs naturally as the rare mineral moissanite. Mass production of silicon carbide powder began in 1893 for use as an abrasive. Edward Acheson produced silicon carbide experimentally in 1891 and patented the process, founding the Carborundum Company. Silicon carbide exists in over 250 crystalline structures and polymorphs. It has excellent chemical and physical properties including high hardness, thermal conductivity, resistance to acids and heat. The main production method involves heating quartz sand and carbon in an electric resistance furnace above 2000°C. Silicon carbide has many applications due to its properties, including use in abrasives, automotive brake discs
This document provides an overview of wire electrical discharge grinding (WEDG). WEDG is a micro machining process that uses electrical discharges between a rotating workpiece and a traveling wire electrode to remove material without mechanical contact. Key parameters that affect the WEDG process include voltage, capacitance, spindle speed, and feed rate, which determine the discharge energy and ultimately the material removal rate, surface finish, and machining time. The WEDG process provides advantages such as high precision tolerances and the ability to machine complex and delicate parts without mechanical forces or burrs.
This presentation provides an overview of fingerprint scanners. It discusses the history of fingerprint recognition from the 1800s to modern day uses in mobile phones. The general structure of fingerprint scanners is described, including optical and capacitive technologies. Fingerprint patterns like loops, whorls and arches are defined, along with features used for identification. Fingerprint matching techniques including minutiae-based and correlation-based approaches are covered. The latest 3D scanning technology is introduced. Common applications are listed along with advantages of high accuracy and disadvantages of potential errors from dirty fingers.
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is a process used to produce high-purity solid materials through chemical reactions of vapor phase precursors on a substrate. Key steps include transport of reactants to the substrate surface, adsorption and decomposition reactions, and removal of byproducts. CVD processes are classified based on operating pressure and can be used to deposit a variety of materials through control of temperature, precursor gases, and other parameters.
The document discusses optical computers and their components. It describes how optical computers use photons rather than electric current to perform computations. This allows optical computers to operate at much higher speeds without generating as much heat. The document outlines several key components that could enable optical computing, such as lasers, fibers, and optical memory. It envisions how optical computers of the future may be much smaller, faster, and more powerful than traditional electronic computers.
Audio spotlighting uses ultrasonic waves to create a narrow, focused beam of sound. It was invented by Dr. F. Joseph Pompei and allows specific listeners to hear sound without others nearby. It works by modulating an audio signal with ultrasonic frequencies, which through the nonlinearity of air generates new audible frequencies that can be focused into a beam. Its applications include targeted communication for safety officials in crowds and descriptive audio for museum exhibits without disturbing other listeners.
Audio spotlighting is a technology that uses ultrasonic sound beams to direct audible sound to specific locations, similar to flashlight beams directing light. It was invented in the 1970s and uses parametric arrays to modulate ultrasonic frequencies onto a signal and create audible sound through nonlinear interactions with air. This allows very narrow beams of sound to be produced. Audio spotlighting has applications in focused sound zones for public spaces, retail stores, and more, as it can deliver sound to only a targeted area without disturbing others. It provides sharper directivity and control over sound placement compared to conventional speakers.
Recent advances in photocatalytic reactors were summarized in 3 sentences or less:
The document reviewed various photocatalytic reactor designs used to degrade organic pollutants like pesticides and dyes, as well as microorganisms, using different catalysts like TiO2 and light sources like sunlight and UV lamps. Reactors included batch, continuous flow, and thin film designs. Degradation rates of over 90% were typically achieved for various contaminants like monocrotophos, acetamiprid, thiabendazole, methyl orange, and rhodamine B.
The document discusses an 8K resolution camera system. It describes two methods for creating 8K images - a four sensor imaging method that uses separate sensors for red, blue, green 1, and green 2 light, and a three 33-megapixel CMOS sensor method. It provides details on the specifications and components of the 8K camera, benefits of 8K format including higher image quality, and trials of distributing 8K digital cinema content over networks.
Surface acoustic wave sensors rely on modulating and transducing surface acoustic waves to sense physical phenomena. They have advantages including compact size, high sensitivity, fast response, and ability to operate wirelessly in harsh environments. A basic SAW sensor consists of a piezoelectric substrate with input and output interdigital transducers to launch and receive surface acoustic waves. The transducers convert between electrical and mechanical surface waves, allowing remote sensing by analyzing signal changes induced by external factors interacting with the waves.
This lecture covers pressure sensor theory, fabrication processes, and safety concerns. It discusses two main types of pressure sensors - capacitive and piezoresistive - and describes the process used to create a piezoresistive pressure sensor using boron diffusion on silicon wafers. Key steps include cleaning, oxidation, photolithography, diffusion, backside etching, contact patterning, and anodic bonding. Safety hazards from chemicals like hydrofluoric acid are also addressed.
The document discusses ultrasonic drilling, including its history, working principle, process parameters, applications, advantages, and limitations. Ultrasonic drilling uses high-frequency ultrasonic vibrations to remove material through direct impact of abrasive particles. It can drill very hard and brittle materials. The document reviews several studies that demonstrate improvements in hole quality and reductions in cutting forces compared to conventional drilling. Parameters like amplitude, frequency, abrasive size, and concentration influence the process.
This document is a term project on shape memory alloys (SMAs) by Suresh Daravath at South Dakota State University. It provides an outline and overview of SMAs, including their history, types, characteristics, properties, applications, and future potential. SMAs are smart materials that can return to their original shape after being deformed by heat. They have properties like superelasticity and allow large recoverable strains. Common applications of SMAs include use in aircraft, automobiles, robotics, civil structures, and medical devices like stents. The future of SMAs is promising as research continues on innovative applications in fields like engineering.
The document discusses different types and production processes of steel. It begins by introducing different types of steel based on carbon content, such as mild steel and alloy steels. It then describes the basic steelmaking route involving iron making, primary and secondary steelmaking, and continuous casting. The main secondary steelmaking processes discussed are AOD, VOD, CLU, ladle furnace treatment, and RH degassing. Each process's purpose and functioning are explained briefly.
The document discusses steelmaking optimization in mini-mills using high impedance AC electric arc furnace (EAF) arc regulation with AMI Automation's Power Input Optimization system. It describes how using reactors and transformer taps allows operating the EAF at higher impedance for longer arcs with lower current and harmonics. Case studies show the system increased average power 3-5%, reduced energy and electrode consumption, and improved productivity at various steel mills. The system monitors conditions and automatically selects transformer taps and arc length to optimize power input over the heat.
The document outlines ArcelorMittal Dofasco's scrap specifications for various types of scrap received. It details requirements and specifications for elements, densities, sizes and prohibited materials for shredded scrap, tin cans, plate, turnings and other scrap types. Non-conforming scrap that does not meet the criteria may be rejected and result in fees for the supplier.
Iron ore vs scrap imparity hit mini-mills in TurkeyAndrey Pupchenko
Turkish mills should undercut ferrous scrap prices by raising billets purchases
Metal Expert's view on the current market of long products, ferrous scrap and iron ore prices.
The document discusses energy optimization at electric arc furnaces. It describes CVS, a company that provides plants and equipment for steel mills. It explains that steel production is increasing globally and steelmakers seek more flexible and efficient operations to reduce costs. Energy consumption is a major cost, with electricity usage in electric arc furnaces a key target for improved efficiency. The document outlines classical and new concepts for increasing energy efficiency, such as scrap pre-heating systems and chemical energy utilization through oxygen and fuel injection.
STEELMAKING TECHNOLOGIES AND NEW INNOVATIONS IN MELTSHOPS - CVS MAKINAmetudgn
CVS is a Turkish company that provides steel plant equipment and turn-key solutions. It has 700 employees and had annual turnover of €75 million in 2008. CVS has developed a new type of flexible EAF-based minimill project. It has supplied three steel plants with identical 130-tonne capacity EAFs featuring modern metallurgical, mechanical, electrical, and automation technologies. The EAFs have a tap-to-tap time of 40 minutes and productivity of 170 tonnes per hour.
System combines the advantages of 100% scrap preheating and continuous scrap feeding through its chambers, without the need of EAF roof opening. EPC prevents totaly, any dust emission and heat loss during furnace charging stage, as it is the case normally for other operations. The EPC-EAF is a new generation, economical and environmentaly friendly Electric Arc Furnace. Considerable reduction in electric energy consumption, increased productivity, meeting strict environmental regulations, less dust load within the melt shop, flicker reduction& harmonic disturbance reduction are some of the important features of the new and superior EPC system.
The steel making process involves three main stages:
1) Preparing iron ore by removing impurities through washing, crushing, and sieving.
2) Using a blast furnace to heat iron ore, coke, and limestone above 1500°C to produce pig iron.
3) Further processing pig iron in a converter to reduce its carbon content and remove impurities by adding oxygen and scrap, producing the final liquid steel.
The document discusses the structure and properties of metallurgical slags. It states that slags comprise complex compounds of oxides from gangue minerals and sulphides that protect the metal melt. The structure and properties of slags, such as basicity and viscosity, are controlled by their composition. Network forming oxides like SiO2 form stable hexagonal networks, while network breaking oxides like CaO disrupt these networks. The fraction of ionic and covalent bonding in oxides determines their behavior in slags.
The document describes the key processes in manufacturing steel:
1) Coke is produced from coal and used in the blast furnace along with iron ore and limestone.
2) In the blast furnace, coke and air are blasted into the furnace, using carbon to displace iron from the iron ore to produce liquid iron.
3) The liquid iron is further refined through basic oxygen steelmaking or electric arc furnaces to reduce the carbon content and produce steel.
1) The document is an industrial training report submitted by Deepesh Rajak, a mechanical engineering student at Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya Bhopal, for their training at Bhilai Steel Plant located in Bhilai, Chhattisgarh.
2) The report provides an overview of Bhilai Steel Plant, including its establishment, production capacity and awards received.
3) It also describes the various departments visited by the student during the training, including the sintering plant, blooming and blade mill, and forge shop, where the student learned skills like welding and CNC machining.
The document provides information about deafness and deaf culture from multiple perspectives. It discusses the medical and cultural models of deafness, characteristics of deaf people, communication with deaf individuals, Filipino deaf culture and sign language. It aims to increase understanding and awareness of deafness as a difference rather than a disability and promote inclusion of the deaf community.
The document provides information about Air Operated Diaphragm (AOD) pumps manufactured by Price Pump Company. Some key points:
- AOD pumps operate differently than centrifugal or positive displacement pumps, with advantages like self-priming ability, ability to run dry, and explosion proof design using compressed air.
- They are available in sizes from 1/4" to 3" diameter with materials including aluminum, cast iron, stainless steel, polypropylene, and PVDF.
- AOD pumps offer clean, reliable, low maintenance performance for applications like bulk transfer, batching, chemical injection, and more.
Impacts of energy developments on the steel industry by Marcel Genet Laplace ...Audrey Bayard
The document discusses the impacts of energy market developments on the steel industry. It notes that in 2012, the steel industry consumed about 5% of global primary energy production and contributed 7% of worldwide CO2 emissions. While the steel industry has made progress in reducing its energy usage and environmental impact over time, further reductions will require substantial investments. Different regions and production methods have varying energy usage and emissions profiles, with integrated mills generally being less efficient than scrap-based electric arc furnace production.
As a EEE student my first summer training experience at India's one of the awarded public sector "Bhilai Steel Plant, Bhilai (C.G.)" ....... Proud of my hometown.
Bhilai Steel Plant is India's largest steel producing plant located in Durg, Chhattisgarh. It has a production capacity of over 4 million tons of steel per year. The plant uses a conventional steel making process involving twin hearth furnaces and ingot casting. Key components of the process include a mixer, stockyard, 4 furnaces, mould yard, and stripper yard. Hot metal, scrap, and fluxes are added to the furnaces and oxygen is blown in. Molten steel is tapped and alloying elements are added before casting ingots. The ingots are then heated and rolled into blooms in the blooming mill and further rolled into billets in the billet mill,
The new constant courant electrical arc furnace (C.C. E.A.F.) at Cockerill Sambre Marcinelle–Charleroi (BE) uses an anode that dips into scrap metal to melt it while the furnace bottom acts as the cathode to pass current, and it is equipped with coal injection lances, burners, and an automatic scrap loading system with fumes recovery. The furnace automation system was the first project to program both sequential and analog control into the same redundant programmable control unit using the INFI-90 system from Bailey.
The document discusses the basic oxygen steelmaking (BOS) process and electric arc furnace (EAF) process for steel production. It provides details on:
- The BOS process uses oxygen to remove carbon and other impurities from liquid iron in large converters in 15 minutes, producing steel. Critical removal steps are carbon, phosphorus, and temperature adjustment.
- The EAF melts recycled steel scrap using electric arcs in the furnace. It can perform metallurgical operations like refining. Electrode breakage and slag foaming, properties, and reduction are discussed.
- Both processes conclude by tapping the molten steel into a ladle for further refining before casting.
The document discusses the inputs and process for manufacturing sponge iron in a rotary kiln. It describes the chemical and physical composition of iron ore, coal, and dolomite that are fed into the kiln. It then outlines the rotary kiln process which involves preheating and combustion zones, use of primary and secondary air, coal injection, and rotary cooling before magnetic separation and screening to produce sponge iron and char as outputs. Waste heat is recovered to generate steam for power generation and gas is cleaned by an electrostatic precipitator before emission.
This document provides an overview of Bhilai Steel Plant (BSP) in India and its Department of Electronics and Telecommunication. BSP is one of the largest steel plants in India with an annual production capacity of over 4 million tons. It has various production units and sources raw materials from captive mines. The document describes the blast furnace process and the role of instrumentation engineers. It also outlines the transportation and diesel department which handles internal and external material movement via rail. Finally, it provides details on the telecommunication department which maintains the telephone network across the plant and township areas.
Company Profile Jan 2015 InternationalCraig Donald
This document provides information about ISIS Technical Services, a company that offers subsea inspection, corrosion prevention, and cathodic protection systems. It has offices located in Malaysia, the UK, Europe, and Singapore. The company aims to exceed client expectations by providing professional and efficient services such as subsea cathodic protection surveys, design and optimization of cathodic protection systems, and project support personnel. ISIS prides itself on its experienced team and track record of exceptional performance on hundreds of underwater structure inspection projects worldwide.
(https://www.indiamart.com/ksvalves) Owing to immense industry experience and knowledge, we have emerged as a renowned manufacturer, exporter and supplier of an assorted range of Industrial Valves, Strainer and PRV & PRDSH Station. These products are manufactured at our high-tech manufacturing unit in compliance with international quality standards using optimum quality components and advanced technology. Further, these products are known for smooth performance, rigid construction, corrosion resistance and longer service life.
CVS is a company that provides design, manufacturing, installation, and consulting services for continuous casting machines (CCMs) and other steel production equipment. It has offices in Turkey and several other countries. CVS can customize CCMs to produce specific sections of billets or blooms and incorporates modern equipment like electromagnetic stirrers for quality control. The CCMs integrate various components and automation systems to continuously cast steel from ladle to cooling bed. CVS has extensive experience having completed many CCM projects worldwide.
Hygiene and food safety of raw materials and end products are vital in the grain and feed milling industry. Millers take great care to ensure processes meet all legislative and food safety requirements. At the same time, consumers expect food to be safe and are increasingly taking an interest in how their food is produced.
Chain conveyors are an essential part of many bulk handling systems, where they are used to convey bulk materials such as powders, grains, flakes, pellets, etc and include operations in the milling industries.
Sigma CapSeal - Cap & Closure AutomationSigma CapSeal
Sigma CapSeal is a leading packaging machinery solutions provider. We manufacture Induction Sealers and Cap & Closure Automation & Assembly Machines. We understand your business and offer customized solutions that fit into your production environment.
General Description of Fume Treatment Project for DSS company in Ukraine by CVS MAKINA , which is designer, manufacturer, erector companies for all the units for meltshop and rolling mills explaining themselves as the dedicator to steel sector.
RST Electricals is an electrical panel manufacturer established in 2003 with over 11 years of experience. It has three manufacturing plants with state-of-the-art facilities and equipment spread over 80,000 square feet. The company aims to provide high quality electrical panels and responsive customer service. It focuses on technical excellence, flexibility, responsiveness and cost competitiveness. RST has received several certifications including ISO 9001, ISO 14001, and CPRI certification. It supplies electrical panels to various sectors including buildings, government, hospitals, institutions, and industries.
Allwin21 Corp. has been focusing on providing solutions and enhancements to Perkin-Elmer 4400, Perkin-Elmer 4410, Perkin-Elmer 4450, Perkin-Elmer 4480 used sputter deposition semiconductor process equipment. These OEM semiconductor equipment have been used in productions and R&D since 1990′s. They have been proven to be a true “work horse”. Allwin21 Corp. can customize these OEM systems with Allwin21′s comparable integrated process control system with PC and new critical components. We rebuild AccuSputter AW 4450 Series Sputter Deposition systems with our own integrated process control system, giving our customers the tools to achieve a production edge at very low cost impact.
Please help fill in the RFQ at our website for suitable configuration for your applications. Appreciate your time.
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AWgage-150 measures sheet resistance in ohms per square or milliohms per square. If specific resistivity is known, the thickness of the deposited film layer can be computed from the sheet resistance. The choice of measurement data is easily get in the software. AWgage-150 can accommodate 150mm (6″) wafers as well as the standard 2″, 3″,4″, 5″ wafers without any hardware change.
Allwin21 AWgage-150 Features:
30 years proven Eddy Sheet Resistance Measurement technologies.
Non-contact Sheet Resistance Measurement technologies.
1mΩ/square to 19,990 Ω/square measurement range capability
Touch Screen Monitor and PC w/ Advanced Allwin21 control software.
Wafer carriage travel programmed with internal encoder step motor , without encoder disk.
Consistent wafer-to-wafer process cycle repeatability.
Small footprint and energy efficiency.
Made in U.S.A.
Specifications:
Test Sights: Single center-point, 5-point, or 9-point.5-9
Highly Conductive or Metal Sheet Resistance:
1 to 1,999 mΩ/square
1 to 1,999 Ω/square
Or
10 to 19,990 Ω/square
Highly Conductive or Metal Film ThicknessMinimum: 100 ÅngströmMaximum: Proportional to resistivity. Maximum for a resistivity of 2.7 mW-cm is 270 kÅ (27 mm
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Scrap handling systems
1. SCRAP HANDLING EQUIPMENTS
S C R A P P R E PA R I N G S Y S T E M S
CVS TURKEY
CVS EUROPE CVS MIDDLE EAST CVS CIS
Italy‐Udine Egypt‐Cario Ukraine‐Donetsk
FROM CONCEPT TO COMMISSIONING
Design
Manufacturin
g
Erection
Training
Consultancy
Innovation
Process
CVS POLAND CVS IRAN CVS INDIA CVS S.KOREA CVS SINGAPORE
Development
CVS USA CVS GREECE
Warsaw Tahran Pune Seoul Singapore New York Athens
info@cvs.com.tr www.cvs.com.tr
2. C O M PA N Y P R E S E N TAT I O N
CVS provides plants & equipment for
minimills, also in “turn‐key” solution.
CVS covers the complete design and
manufacturing activities for green‐field
projects as well as revamping/upgrading of
existing plants and equipment.
CVS manufactures spare parts & components
for Meltshops & Rolling Mills.
CVS provides technical assistance and
consulting service to steel production
production.
C O M PA N Y P R E S E N TAT I O N
CVS headquarter is placed in the industrial
region of Gebze, just east of Istanbul, close to
many major ports
Our modern facilities consists of more than
50,000sqm
50 000sqm of closed area and a land of
additional approx. 50,000sqm
CVS workforce is formed by over than 750
specialized workers and engineers with a
modern machinery park to undertake even the
most challenging projects.
g gp j
Over than 270 engineers and administrative
employees are involved in the design and
management of the projects.
3. SCRAP BUCKET PRESS SYSTEM
SCRAP BUCKET PRESS SYSTEM
System
S t is
i designed
d i d
maintenance friendly and
it also has platforms for
maintenance. Via one
main hydraulic cylinder
cylinder,
the system is pressing to
scrap in the scrap bucket
for high scrap density
requested. And via four
support hydraulic
cylinders, bucket car is
y ,
protected and fixed.
4. SCRAP BUCKET PRESS SYSTEM
1 2 3
The system is working very simple, only scrap bucket rail ways and bucket cars need just a little
y g y p y p y j
revisions. During the system is pressing, to fix the car and to protect the car wheels, there will be
a hydraulic locking mechanism in the concrete.
SCRAP BUCKET PRESS SYSTEM
The scrap is then charged into Cylinder
y
the furnace through the clamshell Pressure Plate
bottom of the basket.
basket The
homogeneous charge will cause
much less damage to the
electrodes and refractories than a
loose charge of miscellaneous
g
scrap with heavy piece.
The density of the charge
reduces the opening time of the
furnace and increases the
number of melts per day with
fewer furnace charges.
5. SCRAP BUCKET PRESS SYSTEM
Specific Features
Compression Force
p 1000 t max
Compression Plate Diameter 4600 mm approx.
Electrical Motor Power 330 kW (3 x 110 kW)
Main Cylinder dia. 850 mm
Support Cylinders Dia. 220 mm
Main Cylinder Stroke 2500 mm
Support Cylinders Stroke 150 mm
Working Pressure
g 300 bar
Each equipments are supplied with quality control certificates.
SCRAP BUCKET PRESS SYSTEM
6. SCRAP SHEAR AND PRESS SYSTEM
SCRAP SHEAR AND PRESS SYSTEM
CVS SCRAP SHEAR are applied in
a app d
steel mills, recycling plants, ferrous
& non-ferrous smelting industry to
g y
press scrap metal (steel, copper,
aluminum, stainless steel, discarded
automobiles, etc.) into acceptable
furnace charges in shapes of
cuboids.
7. SCRAP SHEAR AND PRESS SYSTEM
Features:
Special hydraulic design of
CVS SHEAR allows fast cycle
time.
Loading bucket for saving
scrap charging time.
Both ferrous and non-ferrous
non ferrous
bales are possible.
SCRAP SHEAR AND PRESS SYSTEM
“Shear modality” the feeding
a oda y d g
operations will be made in
Lid
this order: Firstly
y s
downloading the material in
the charging box; Closing the
two lids without any pressure
and with the only one
purpose to prepare and
cover the material with the Charging Box
feeding cylinder in operation;
Feeding the shear system
thanks to a proper cylinder.
8. SCRAP SHEAR AND PRESS SYSTEM
The shear
a system
y is
integrated with one hold
down clamp
p in order to
better prepare the material
before the cutting operation.
Using the hold down clamp
with light material there’s a
possibility to press too much
material, without allow the
correct cutting operation. At
this purpose the hold down
clamp can be set in “stand
by” modality.
SCRAP SHEAR AND PRESS SYSTEM
FEATURES
The estimated life-time for blades that will need to work with the requested
material and it is approx. 4 months.
Th operator cabinet of the proposed machine can b i
The bi f h d hi be integrated with an air
d ih i
conditioning system, if requested.
The proposed machine will be designed to work with a productivity between 25
to 50 tons per hour (cutting capacity).
9. SCRAP SHEAR AND PRESS SYSTEM
The proper drawing will show
the machine foundation raised
about 915 mm above ground
level. The reason of this design
is for a better operator
maintenance of the machine.
Thanks to the space available
between the machine and the
b h hi d h
ground level, the operator can
easily change th bl d check
il h the blade, h k
the mechanical conditions of
the cylinders as well as to
maintain clean this zone from
scraps
SCRAP SHEAR AND PRESS SYSTEM
The shear force of the proposed machine is 800 ton with an hold down force of 160 t
10. SCRAP SHEAR AND PRESS SYSTEM
SHEAR HEAD
This solid construction contains the hold down clamp and the guillotine.
Both moving parts are automatically lubricated.
The most important components of any shear are the hold down clamp and the guillotine.
Only this system will guarantee a long life time to these important components.
Features
Shear Force: 1000ton
Blade Width: 850mm
Blade Height: 720mm
Closing Force:
Cl i F 400ton
400t
Box Length: 6500mm
OpenBox Length: 1850mm
Bale Dimension: 850x720mm
SCRAP SHEAR AND PRESS SYSTEM
The hinges are never exposed to scrap when the box is closed.
The unique charging box design enable to size material quickly and to
The unique charging box design enable to size material quickly and to
close the box without losing precious time.
11. SCRAP SHEAR AND PRESS SYSTEM
HYDRAULIC CYLINDERS
All the movements of the shear operation will be hydraulically driven. There will be
totally 12 cylinders as listed below:
2 pcs of loading Cylinders
2 pcs of side press cylinders
4 pcs of upper roof cylinders
1 pc of vertical press cylinder
1 pc of h ldi cylinder
f holding li d
2 pcs of shear cylinders
SCRAP SHREDDER
12. SCRAP SHREDDER
The Scrap Shredder is designed to shred
steel turnings, shavings, borings …etc
into 20‐50 mm chips. Shredder has a
robust structure and machines to shred
scraps between two strong rolls. These
rollers are operated by four
hydromotors.
hydromotors To prevent the scrap to
move through the motors, sheets are
settled on the motors.
System is designed for working light and
heavy demolition scrap. One of the
biggest advantage is quick process time.
The
Th material i extraordinarily compact
i l is di il
in size since it is completely ground.
High quality cutting blades are located
on the rollers for longer service time.
SCRAP SHREDDER
13. SCRAP SHREDDER
Knives arrangement set:
45 ea. Top knives + 45 ea. Bottom
knives, arranged in 7 series of 6
series on each shaft
Knive weight: 42,5 Kg. ea.
Thickness: 165 mm + 165 mm (two
Thi kness 165 mm + 165 mm (t o Bottom knive
Top knive
abreast, for a longer life, in case it is
necessary to process material in a
rough way, e.g. in front of shredders)
rough way e g in front of shredders)
The knives are easily changeable
when it is necessary
it is necessary.
S C R A P P R E ‐ H E AT I N G
SYSTEM
14. S C R A P P R E ‐ H E AT I N G S Y S T E M
Heat energy contained in a gas
evacuated from an EAF accounts
for 15 to 20 % of the total energy
used in EAF steel making process
and that is 100 – 150 kwh/ton.
CVS scrap pre‐heater is a system
which utilizes this heat energy to
heat scrap in a bucket before
charged into an EAF and thus
contributes towards energy
saving.
g
S C R A P P R E ‐ H E AT I N G S Y S T E M
Gas evacuated from the
EAF is led to a
combustion chamber
through a suction duct
together with air
induced through gap
between EAF elbow and
sliding sleeve duct to
burn CO contained in
the gas, a part of this
burned gas is introduced
into the bucket, placed
at the scrap , to heat
scrap.
p
15. S C R A P P R E ‐ H E AT I N G S Y S T E M
Preheating is burned by mixing with the gas from the EAF. This enables to eliminate an air
pollution after dust collector.
By provision of preheating fan, existing fume treatment plant can employ the scrap pre‐
heater without modification.
As the system is fully automatically operated, this system does not require additional
worker.
EAF operation will not be interrupted even though the preheating system run into a
trouble.
Recycling method of preheating system can be controlled separately from dust collector
system.
Proper adjustment of the preheating temperature prevents the scrap bucket from being
deformed.
S C R A P P R E ‐ H E AT I N G S Y S T E M
Specifications
Scrap Preheating system for improved efficiency of
Rolling mill
Easy Solution
Low Investment Cost
Better Operation
Adaptable for Existing Automation
No dioxin
Maintenance Friendly
16. S C R A P P R E ‐ H E AT I N G S Y S T E M
Preheating system:
‐I l
Inlet temperature of preheater: approx. 800ºC – 200º C
f h 800ºC
‐ Outlet tempearture of preheater: approx. 250º C – 50º C
‐ Temperature of preheated scrap: approx. 400º C – 100º C
‐ Temperature at combustion chamber inlet widely varies between 1200º C to 300º C
p y
according to the time and conditions of the steelmaking stages.
Main Profit:
Preheated scrap average temperature is between 150°C ‐ 200°C
The amount of energy saving is 20 – 30 kwh/ton in practice.
SCRAP CLEANING SYSTEM
17. SCRAP CLEANING SYSTEM
The aim of this machine is to clean the scrap before introducing it into
the furnace. Steel plants all over the world have shown their interest in
p
this machine, due to the poor quality of the scrap and its recent price
increase.
SCRAP CLEANING SYSTEM
The main advantages of the usage scrap cleaning
system are;
system are;
Increase the quality of hot metal
Increase electrical efficiency
y
Increase production efficiency
Reduce lime usage
Reduce electrode consumption
Reduce refractory consumption
Increase Profit