This document provides an overview of a training on vacuum degassing (VD) technology. It will cover the theoretical background and operation of VD equipment. Topics include metallurgy processes like secondary metallurgy and vacuum metallurgy, VD and VOD treatment methods, stainless steel grades, and the impact of alloy additions and temperature changes. The training will also review safety, the VD plant layout, individual equipment components, and emergency procedures. Attendees will learn how to safely operate and maintain the VD system.
Steel Making and Rolling (Metalworking): Process & Applications, Rod and Bar...Ajjay Kumar Gupta
The steel industry has taken note of the continued growth in steel imports and a number of projects have been planned and are under implementation.In rolling mills, intermediate steel products are given their final shape and dimension in a series of shaping and finishing operations. Rolling of steel is one of the most important manufacturing processes for steel. It is usually the first step in the processing of steel after it is made and cast either in Ingot or continuous cast product in a steel melting shop.
See more
http://goo.gl/lUUh86
http://goo.gl/fSIHG7
http://goo.gl/4os7IE
http://www.entrepreneurindia.co/
Tags
Business guidance for steel rolling industry, Business Plan for a Startup Business, Business plan for steel rolling mill, Business start-up, Fusion welding processes, Great Opportunity for Startup, Hot rolled steel properties, Hot rolling mill process, Hot Rolling Mill, Hot Rolling mill, Hot Strip Mill, How is Steel Produced, How to Start a Steel Production Business, How to start a successful steel rolling business, How to start steel mill industry, How to Start Steel rolling Industry in India, How to start steel rolling mill, Indian Steel Industry, Industrial steel rolling mill, Modern steel making technology, Most Profitable Steel Business Ideas, New small scale ideas in Steel rolling industry, Opportunity Steel Rolling Mill, Plate Mill, Process & Applications, Process of steelmaking, Profitable small and cottage scale industries, Progress and Prospect of Rolling Technology, Project for startups, Rod and Bar Rolling, Rod and bar rolling, Rolling Metalworking, Rolling Mill for Steel Bars, Rolling process, Setting up and opening your steel rolling Business, Small scale Commercial steel rolling business, Small Scale Steel rolling Projects, Small Start-up Business Project, Start a Rolling Mill Industry, Start steel rolling mill in India, Starting a Steel Business, Starting a Steel rolling Business, Starting Steel Mini Mill, Start-up Business Plan for steel rolling, Startup Project for steel rolling business, Steel and hot rolling Business, Steel Based Profitable Projects, Steel Based Small Scale Industries Projects, Steel business plan, Steel hot rolling process, Steel Industry in India, Steel making and rolling, Steel making Projects, Steel making technology, Steel Making, Steel manufacturing process, Steel mill process, Steel mill, Steel production process, Steel rerolling mill feasibility start up, Steel rolling Industry in India, Steel rolling machine factory, Steel rolling mill industry demand, Steel rolling mill industry overview, Steel rolling mill industry, Steel rolling mill market forecast, Steel rolling mill market growth, Steel rolling mill market, Steel rolling mill size, Steel rolling mill starts production, Steel rolling mill, Steel Rolling Technology, Steelmaking, Steelmaking Processes, Types of rolling mills
Steel Making and Rolling (Metalworking): Process & Applications, Rod and Bar...Ajjay Kumar Gupta
The steel industry has taken note of the continued growth in steel imports and a number of projects have been planned and are under implementation.In rolling mills, intermediate steel products are given their final shape and dimension in a series of shaping and finishing operations. Rolling of steel is one of the most important manufacturing processes for steel. It is usually the first step in the processing of steel after it is made and cast either in Ingot or continuous cast product in a steel melting shop.
See more
http://goo.gl/lUUh86
http://goo.gl/fSIHG7
http://goo.gl/4os7IE
http://www.entrepreneurindia.co/
Tags
Business guidance for steel rolling industry, Business Plan for a Startup Business, Business plan for steel rolling mill, Business start-up, Fusion welding processes, Great Opportunity for Startup, Hot rolled steel properties, Hot rolling mill process, Hot Rolling Mill, Hot Rolling mill, Hot Strip Mill, How is Steel Produced, How to Start a Steel Production Business, How to start a successful steel rolling business, How to start steel mill industry, How to Start Steel rolling Industry in India, How to start steel rolling mill, Indian Steel Industry, Industrial steel rolling mill, Modern steel making technology, Most Profitable Steel Business Ideas, New small scale ideas in Steel rolling industry, Opportunity Steel Rolling Mill, Plate Mill, Process & Applications, Process of steelmaking, Profitable small and cottage scale industries, Progress and Prospect of Rolling Technology, Project for startups, Rod and Bar Rolling, Rod and bar rolling, Rolling Metalworking, Rolling Mill for Steel Bars, Rolling process, Setting up and opening your steel rolling Business, Small scale Commercial steel rolling business, Small Scale Steel rolling Projects, Small Start-up Business Project, Start a Rolling Mill Industry, Start steel rolling mill in India, Starting a Steel Business, Starting a Steel rolling Business, Starting Steel Mini Mill, Start-up Business Plan for steel rolling, Startup Project for steel rolling business, Steel and hot rolling Business, Steel Based Profitable Projects, Steel Based Small Scale Industries Projects, Steel business plan, Steel hot rolling process, Steel Industry in India, Steel making and rolling, Steel making Projects, Steel making technology, Steel Making, Steel manufacturing process, Steel mill process, Steel mill, Steel production process, Steel rerolling mill feasibility start up, Steel rolling Industry in India, Steel rolling machine factory, Steel rolling mill industry demand, Steel rolling mill industry overview, Steel rolling mill industry, Steel rolling mill market forecast, Steel rolling mill market growth, Steel rolling mill market, Steel rolling mill size, Steel rolling mill starts production, Steel rolling mill, Steel Rolling Technology, Steelmaking, Steelmaking Processes, Types of rolling mills
In their simplest form, steels are alloys of Iron (Fe) and Carbon (C). The Fe-C phase diagram is a fairly complex one, but we will only consider the steel and cast iron part of the diagram, up to 6.67% Carbon
In this course the melting technologies and processes as well as the equipment for melting processes will be explained.
During the introduction the author will show the range of classical applications for melting of metals but also new applications of melting of non-metallic materials.
For melting of metals the two types of induction furnaces, the induction crucible furnace and channel furnace will be described in detail. Beside the furnace also the different components of an induction melting installation, such as power supply, control system etc. are described. Typical applications for melting of metals in induction crucible furnace and channel furnace are shown. One important difference between crucible and channel furnace, the energy efficiency will be compared for both types along case studies for different applications.
Finally some new applications of induction melting, such as melting of oxides and glass, will be shown.
Speaker for this webinar: Bernard Nacke
1.This slide is about causes of breakouts during continuous casting of steel and remedies about the same
2. It will help to reduce breakouts problem during continuous casting of steel up to 80%
Physical and technical basics of induction melting processesLeonardo ENERGY
In this course the physical and technical basics of induction melting processes and technologies will be explained. During the introduction the author will demonstrate along typical features of induction melting, why today induction melting is used in many industrial processes.
In the first part of this course the physical basics will be discussed by explaining the fundamental equations. The most important features of induction melting like, Joule heat effect, induced current and power density distribution in the melt, electromagnet forces, free melt surface deformation, turbulent melt flow and stirring will be explained.In the following the physical principle of the industrial most important induction melting furnaces, the induction crucible furnace and the induction channel furnace, will be shown.
In the second part of this course the author will explain, how the heat and mass transfer processes in the melt of induction furnaces are caused and influenced by the turbulent melt flow. Along industrial oriented examples it will be shown how numerical simulation based on sophisticated turbulent models can be used today for improved process understanding and design of the melting processes and devices.
The recapitulation of the most important features of induction melting processes and technologies will conclude this course.
In their simplest form, steels are alloys of Iron (Fe) and Carbon (C). The Fe-C phase diagram is a fairly complex one, but we will only consider the steel and cast iron part of the diagram, up to 6.67% Carbon
In this course the melting technologies and processes as well as the equipment for melting processes will be explained.
During the introduction the author will show the range of classical applications for melting of metals but also new applications of melting of non-metallic materials.
For melting of metals the two types of induction furnaces, the induction crucible furnace and channel furnace will be described in detail. Beside the furnace also the different components of an induction melting installation, such as power supply, control system etc. are described. Typical applications for melting of metals in induction crucible furnace and channel furnace are shown. One important difference between crucible and channel furnace, the energy efficiency will be compared for both types along case studies for different applications.
Finally some new applications of induction melting, such as melting of oxides and glass, will be shown.
Speaker for this webinar: Bernard Nacke
1.This slide is about causes of breakouts during continuous casting of steel and remedies about the same
2. It will help to reduce breakouts problem during continuous casting of steel up to 80%
Physical and technical basics of induction melting processesLeonardo ENERGY
In this course the physical and technical basics of induction melting processes and technologies will be explained. During the introduction the author will demonstrate along typical features of induction melting, why today induction melting is used in many industrial processes.
In the first part of this course the physical basics will be discussed by explaining the fundamental equations. The most important features of induction melting like, Joule heat effect, induced current and power density distribution in the melt, electromagnet forces, free melt surface deformation, turbulent melt flow and stirring will be explained.In the following the physical principle of the industrial most important induction melting furnaces, the induction crucible furnace and the induction channel furnace, will be shown.
In the second part of this course the author will explain, how the heat and mass transfer processes in the melt of induction furnaces are caused and influenced by the turbulent melt flow. Along industrial oriented examples it will be shown how numerical simulation based on sophisticated turbulent models can be used today for improved process understanding and design of the melting processes and devices.
The recapitulation of the most important features of induction melting processes and technologies will conclude this course.
General Description of Ladle Furnace design of CVS MAKINA, which is designer, manufacturer, erector companies for all the units for meltshop and rolling mills explaining themselves as the dedicator to steel sector.
System combines the advantages of 100% scrap preheating and continuous scrap feeding through its chambers, without the need of EAF roof opening. EPC prevents totaly, any dust emission and heat loss during furnace charging stage, as it is the case normally for other operations. The EPC-EAF is a new generation, economical and environmentaly friendly Electric Arc Furnace. Considerable reduction in electric energy consumption, increased productivity, meeting strict environmental regulations, less dust load within the melt shop, flicker reduction& harmonic disturbance reduction are some of the important features of the new and superior EPC system.
System combines the advantages of 100% scrap preheating and continuous scrap feeding through its chambers, without the need of EAF roof opening. EPC prevents totaly, any dust emission and heat loss during furnace charging stage, as it is the case normally for other operations. The EPC-EAF is a new generation, economical and environmentaly friendly Electric Arc Furnace. Considerable reduction in electric energy consumption, increased productivity, meeting strict environmental regulations, less dust load within the melt shop, flicker reduction& harmonic disturbance reduction are some of the important features of the new and superior EPC system.
General Description of Fume Treatment Project for DSS company in Ukraine by CVS MAKINA , which is designer, manufacturer, erector companies for all the units for meltshop and rolling mills explaining themselves as the dedicator to steel sector.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptx
TRAINING FOR VACUUM DEGASSING AND SECONDARY METALLURGY BY CVS MAKINA
1. 05.01.2010
CVS MAKINA is happy to welcome all of you to our training in your
offices
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 1
Training Objects
Theoretical Training
General description on VD plant layout
- safe operation
- technology
- metallurgy in brief
Explanation of individual VD equipment
- explanation of equipment components
- maintenance (including preventive maintenance, regular checks and lubrication)
- safety
Actions and repairs in cases of emergency (including power, cooling water and media failure,
operational emergency cases)
VD cooling water and gas media systems (incl. Standards, special valves, etc.)
Review of previous days, concluding discussion on VD matters
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 2
1
2. 05.01.2010
Training Contents
From Ore / Scrap To VD – Plant
Plant Overview / Plant Layout
Metallurgy
March Of Steel Temperature
Special Risks / Hazards & Countermeasures
Steam Ejector Vacuum Pump
Suction Line System
Condenser
Waste Gas Measurement
Vacuum Vessel
Vacuum Cover
Water Cooled Ladle Cover
Vacuum Alloying Hopper
Cover Lifting and Travelling Device
Ladle Stirring Equipment / Furnace Camera
Hydraulic System
Temperature And Sampling Lance
PIPING : Valves, Fittings, Hoses, Etc.
Field Instruments
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 3
Training Contents
From Ore / Scrap To VD – Plant
Plant Overview / Plant Layout
Metallurgy
March Of Steel Temperature
Special Risks / Hazards & Countermeasures
Steam Ejector Vacuum Pump
Suction Line System
Condenser
Waste Gas Measurement
Vacuum Vessel
Vacuum Cover
Water Cooled Ladle Cover
Vacuum Alloying Hopper
Cover Lifting and Travelling Device
Ladle Stirring Equipment / Furnace Camera
Hydraulic System
Temperature And Sampling Lance
PIPING : Valves, Fittings, Hoses, Etc.
Field Instruments
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 4
2
3. 05.01.2010
From Ore/Scrap To VD-Plant
Process Of Steel Production
• process sequence:
blast furnace - converter
• process sequence:
electric arc furnace
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 5
From Ore/Scrap To VD-Plant
Nowadays pig iron produced in the so-
called COREX REDUCTION MELTING
PLANTS is refined to crude steel in
converters or electric arc furnaces.
Advantages Of Utilizing The Electric Arc Furnace
Process Sequence
• production of each kind of steel grade possible
• independent on the charging (scrap, metallized iron
ore, become hardened pig iron, liquid pig iron)
• low investment requirements
• process sequence can be automized
• high efficiency
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 6
3
4. 05.01.2010
From Ore/Scrap To VD-Plant
Secondary Metallurgy
Today converters and electric arc furnaces mostly serve as smelting plants and plants for carbon and
phosphorus reduction.
Nowadays secondary metallurgy is the most important process route for adjusting the required material
properties.
Vacuum Metallurgy
• metallurgical treatment
under reduced pressure
(< 0,1MPa)
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 7
From Ore/Scrap To VD-Plant
Results Of Vacuum Treatment:
Steel Grades Of:
• excellent purity
• low contents of gas
• small tolerances of alloying elements
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 8
4
5. 05.01.2010
Training Contents
From Ore / Scrap To VD – Plant
Plant Overview / Plant Layout
Metallurgy
March Of Steel Temperature
Special Risks / Hazards & Countermeasures
Steam Ejector Vacuum Pump
Suction Line System
Condenser
Waste Gas Measurement
Vacuum Vessel
Vacuum Cover
Water Cooled Ladle Cover
Vacuum Alloying Hopper
Cover Lifting and Travelling Device
Ladle Stirring Equipment / Furnace Camera
Hydraulic System
Temperature And Sampling Lance
PIPING : Valves, Fittings, Hoses, Etc.
Field Instruments
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 9
Training Contents
From Ore / Scrap To VD – Plant
Plant Overview / Plant Layout
Metallurgy
March Of Steel Temperature
Special Risks / Hazards & Countermeasures
Steam Ejector Vacuum Pump
Suction Line System
Condenser
Waste Gas Measurement
Vacuum Vessel
Vacuum Cover
Water Cooled Ladle Cover
Vacuum Alloying Hopper
Cover Lifting and Travelling Device
Ladle Stirring Equipment / Furnace Camera
Hydraulic System
Temperature And Sampling Lance
PIPING : Valves, Fittings, Hoses, Etc.
Field Instruments
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 10
5
11. 05.01.2010
Metallurgy
VOD - Treatment
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 21
Metallurgy
VOD - Treatment
Temperatures changes due to
addition of alloys
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 22
11
12. 05.01.2010
Metallurgy
VOD - Treatment
Temperature changes
due to addition of 1%
alloying material Al, Si
and Mn
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 23
Metallurgy
VOD - Treatment
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 24
12
31. 05.01.2010
Metallurgy
Steel Production Mix Example
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 61
Metallurgy
Steel Production Mix Example
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 62
31
32. 05.01.2010
Training Contents
From Ore / Scrap To VD – Plant
Plant Overview / Plant Layout
Metallurgy
March Of Steel Temperature
Special Risks / Hazards & Countermeasures
Steam Ejector Vacuum Pump
Suction Line System
Condenser
Waste Gas Measurement
Vacuum Vessel
Vacuum Cover
Water Cooled Ladle Cover
Vacuum Alloying Hopper
Cover Lifting and Travelling Device
Ladle Stirring Equipment / Furnace Camera
Hydraulic System
Temperature And Sampling Lance
PIPING : Valves, Fittings, Hoses, Etc.
Field Instruments
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 63
March Of Steel Temperature
Temperature loss due to:
• heating up of the refractory of the ladle
• radiation loss during vacuum treatment, ladle transportation and tapping
Formula for heat loss by radiation: M = weight of steel inside ladle; (example:80 t)
C = spec. Heat capacity of liquid steel; (example:
0,23Wh/kgC°)
= emission factor of liquid steel; (example 0,4)
= radiation factor of black body; 5,775*10-8 [W / m2 K4]
T = steel temperature: 1617°C = 1800 K
= time [min]
F = radiating surface of liquid steel:
- casting spout (example: approx. 1 m2)
- tapping stream (example: approx. 2,5 m2)
- inside ladle (example: approx. 5 m2)
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 64
32
33. 05.01.2010
March Of Steel Temperature
Temperature Loss Of Liquid Steel During Tapping (Example 80 t Ladle)
Formula For
Heat Loss By
Radiation
Example for 80 t steel ladle: Example for 80 t steel ladle:
( without covering powder) Loss to refractory material
T = 56 °C
T = 2,27 x T = 33 °C (cold ladle 0°C)
Tapping time: 10 min.
T = 23 °C, loss by radiation
Example for 80 t steel ladle: Example for 80 t steel ladle:
( with covering powder) Loss to refractory material
T = 0,15 x T = 33 °C (cold ladle 0°C) T = 34,5 °C
Tapping time: 10 min.
T = 1,5 °C, loss by radiation
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 65
March Of Temperature
Temperature Loss Of Liquid Steel Due To „Cold“ Ladle
Temperature of refractory material
Temperature Loss Of Liquid Steel Due Temperature Loss Of Liquid Steel Due
To „Cold“ Refractory Of The Ladle To „Cold“ Refractory Of The Ladle
(40t-ladle) (80t-ladle)
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 66
33
34. 05.01.2010
March Of Temperature
Temperature Change Due To Adding Of Alloying Material
Temperature Change Due To Adding Of Alloying Material
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 67
March Of Temperature
Temperature Change Due To Adding Of Alloying Material
Temperature Change Due To Adding Of Alloying Material
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 68
34
35. 05.01.2010
Training Contents
From Ore / Scrap To VD – Plant
Plant Overview / Plant Layout
Metallurgy
March Of Steel Temperature
Special Risks / Hazards & Countermeasures
Steam Ejector Vacuum Pump
Suction Line System
Condenser
Waste Gas Measurement
Vacuum Vessel
Vacuum Cover
Water Cooled Ladle Cover
Vacuum Alloying Hopper
Cover Lifting and Travelling Device
Ladle Stirring Equipment / Furnace Camera
Hydraulic System
Temperature And Sampling Lance
PIPING : Valves, Fittings, Hoses, Etc.
Field Instruments
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 69
Special Risks / Hazards & Countermeasures
Electrical Energy
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 70
35
36. 05.01.2010
Special Risks / Hazards & Countermeasures
Electrical Energy
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 71
Special Risks / Hazards & Countermeasures
Electrical Energy
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 72
36
37. 05.01.2010
Special Risks / Hazards & Countermeasures
Gas, Dust, Steam, Smoke
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 73
Special Risks / Hazards & Countermeasures
Gas, Dust, Steam, Smoke
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 74
37
38. 05.01.2010
Special Risks / Hazards & Countermeasures
Gas, Dust, Steam, Smoke
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 75
Special Risks / Hazards & Countermeasures
Gas, Dust, Steam, Smoke
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 76
38
39. 05.01.2010
Special Risks / Hazards & Countermeasures
Gas, Dust, Steam, Smoke
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 77
Special Risks / Hazards & Countermeasures
Gas, Dust, Steam, Smoke
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 78
39
40. 05.01.2010
Special Risks / Hazards & Countermeasures
Gas, Dust, Steam, Smoke
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 79
Special Risks / Hazards & Countermeasures
Gas, Dust, Steam, Smoke
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 80
40
41. 05.01.2010
Special Risks / Hazards & Countermeasures
Gas, Dust, Steam, Smoke
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 81
Special Risks / Hazards & Countermeasures
Gas, Dust, Steam, Smoke
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 82
41
42. 05.01.2010
Special Risks / Hazards & Countermeasures
Gas, Dust, Steam, Smoke
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 83
Special Risks / Hazards & Countermeasures
Gas, Dust, Steam, Smoke
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 84
42
43. 05.01.2010
Special Risks / Hazards & Countermeasures
Hydraulic-, Pneumatic Equipment
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 85
Special Risks / Hazards & Countermeasures
Noise, Vibration
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 86
43
44. 05.01.2010
Special Risks / Hazards & Countermeasures
Noise, Vibration
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 87
Special Risks / Hazards & Countermeasures
Noise, Vibration
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 88
44
45. 05.01.2010
Special Risks / Hazards & Countermeasures
Oil, Grease And Other Chemical Substances
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 89
Special Risks / Hazards & Countermeasures
Unexpected Malfunctions / Mechanical Hazards
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 90
45
46. 05.01.2010
Special Risks / Hazards & Countermeasures
Thermal Hazards
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 91
Special Risks / Hazards & Countermeasures
Fire And Fire Fighting / Emergency Procedures
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 92
46
47. 05.01.2010
Special Risks / Hazards & Countermeasures
Fire And Fire Fighting / Emergency Procedures
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 93
Special Risks / Hazards & Countermeasures
Fire And Fire Fighting / Emergency Procedures
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 94
47
48. 05.01.2010
Special Risks / Hazards & Countermeasures
Personal Protective Equipment (P.P.E.)
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 95
Special Risks / Hazards & Countermeasures
Personal Protective Equipment (P.P.E.)
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 96
48
49. 05.01.2010
Special Risks / Hazards & Countermeasures
Personal Protective Equipment (P.P.E.)
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 97
Special Risks / Hazards & Countermeasures
Personal Protective Equipment (P.P.E.)
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 98
49
50. 05.01.2010
Special Risks / Hazards & Countermeasures
Personal Protective Equipment (P.P.E.)
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 99
Special Risks / Hazards & Countermeasures
Localization Of Risks And Hazards
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 100
50
51. 05.01.2010
Special Risks / Hazards & Countermeasures
Localization Of Risks And Hazards
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 101
Special Risks / Hazards & Countermeasures
Localization Of Risks And Hazards
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 102
51
52. 05.01.2010
Special Risks / Hazards & Countermeasures
Localization Of Risks And Hazards
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 103
Special Risks / Hazards & Countermeasures
Localization Of Risks And Hazards
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 104
52
53. 05.01.2010
Special Risks / Hazards & Countermeasures
Localization Of Risks And Hazards
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 105
Special Risks / Hazards & Countermeasures
Localization Of Risks And Hazards
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 106
53
54. 05.01.2010
Special Risks / Hazards & Countermeasures
Localization Of Risks And Hazards
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 107
Special Risks / Hazards & Countermeasures
Reasons For Preventive Maintenance
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 108
54
55. 05.01.2010
Special Risks / Hazards & Countermeasures
Reasons For Preventive Maintenance
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 109
Special Risks / Hazards & Countermeasures
Reasons For Preventive Maintenance
Planning Of Maintenance Works
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 110
55
56. 05.01.2010
Training Contents
From Ore / Scrap To VD – Plant
Plant Overview / Plant Layout
Metallurgy
March Of Steel Temperature
Special Risks / Hazards & Countermeasures
Steam Ejector Vacuum Pump
Suction Line System
Condenser
Waste Gas Measurement
Vacuum Vessel
Vacuum Cover
Water Cooled Ladle Cover
Vacuum Alloying Hopper
Cover Lifting and Travelling Device
Ladle Stirring Equipment / Furnace Camera
Hydraulic System
Temperature And Sampling Lance
PIPING : Valves, Fittings, Hoses, Etc.
Field Instruments
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 111
Steam Ejector Vacuum Pump
Vacuum Vessel Ejectors/Condensers Water Ring Pumps Waste Gas Line
Condenser
Booster/ejector
Water ring pump
Vacuum Vessel
Vacuum pump system (typical)
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 112
56
57. 05.01.2010
Steam Ejector Vacuum Pump
Function Of Vacuum Pump
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 113
Steam Ejector Vacuum Pump
Function Of Vacuum Pump
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 114
57
58. 05.01.2010
Steam Ejector Vacuum Pump
Function Of Vacuum Pump
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 115
Steam Ejector Vacuum Pump
Function Of Vacuum Pump
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 116
58
59. 05.01.2010
Steam Ejector Vacuum Pump
Function Of Vacuum Pump
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 117
Steam Ejector Vacuum Pump
Function Of Vacuum Pump
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 118
59
60. 05.01.2010
Steam Ejector Vacuum Pump
Function Of Vacuum Pump
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 119
Steam Ejector Vacuum Pump
Function Of Vacuum Pump
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 120
60
61. 05.01.2010
Steam Ejector Vacuum Pump
Function Of Vacuum Pump
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 121
Steam Ejector Vacuum Pump
Function Of Vacuum Pump
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 122
61
62. 05.01.2010
Steam Ejector Vacuum Pump
Function Of Vacuum Pump
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 123
Steam Ejector Vacuum Pump
Function Of Vacuum Pump: Water Ring Pump
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 124
62
63. 05.01.2010
Steam Ejector Vacuum Pump
Function Of Vacuum Pump: Water Ring Pump
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 125
Steam Ejector Vacuum Pump
Function Of Vacuum Pump: Water Ring Pump
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 126
63
64. 05.01.2010
Steam Ejector Vacuum Pump
Function Of Vacuum Pump: Water Ring Pump
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 127
Steam Ejector Vacuum Pump
Function Of Vacuum Pump: Condenser C 1
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 128
64
65. 05.01.2010
Steam Ejector Vacuum Pump
Function Of Vacuum Pump: Condenser C 2
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 129
Steam Ejector Vacuum Pump
Failure / Malfunction / Maintenance
Failure / malfunction Reason Countermeasures
Steam ejectors Problems with steam, condenser Refer to “Steam Ejector Vacuum Pump”
cooling water, valves etc.
Water ring pumps Problems with the performance of the Refer to “Water Ring Pumps”
water ring pumps
Hotwell pumps Problems with the performance of the Refer to “Hotwell Pumps”
hotwell pumps
Refer to “Automatic Aspirator”
Steam Ejector Vacuum Pump
Equipment that needs Once per
Daily Weekly Monthly Yearly
maintenance half-year
Leakage test X
Performance test X
Cleaning of the ejectors X
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 130
65
66. 05.01.2010
Steam Ejector Vacuum Pump
Failure / Malfunction / Maintenance
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 131
Steam Ejector Vacuum Pump
Failure / Malfunction / Maintenance
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 132
66
67. 05.01.2010
Steam Ejector Vacuum Pump
Failure / Malfunction / Maintenance
Hot well Pump And Automatic Aspirator
Automatic Aspirator
Hot well Pumps Need To Be Flooded With Water!
Hot well Tank
Equipment that needs Once per
Daily Weekly Monthly Yearly
maintenance half-year
Cleansing inside X
Valves X
Sealings of pipe work X
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 133
Training Contents
From Ore / Scrap To VD – Plant
Plant Overview / Plant Layout
Metallurgy
March Of Steel Temperature
Special Risks / Hazards & Countermeasures
Steam Ejector Vacuum Pump
Suction Line System
Condenser
Waste Gas Measurement
Vacuum Vessel
Vacuum Cover
Water Cooled Ladle Cover
Vacuum Alloying Hopper
Cover Lifting and Travelling Device
Ladle Stirring Equipment / Furnace Camera
Hydraulic System
Temperature And Sampling Lance
PIPING : Valves, Fittings, Hoses, Etc.
Field Instruments
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 134
67
68. 05.01.2010
Suction Line System
Failure / Malfunction / Maintenance
Equipment that needs Once per
Daily Weekly Monthly Yearly
maintenance half-year
Vacuum sealing X
Chain hoist X
Sealing at manholes X
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 135
Suction Line System
Failure / Malfunction / Maintenance
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 136
68
69. 05.01.2010
Suction Line System
Failure / Malfunction / Maintenance
Failure / malfunction Reason Countermeasures
Lowering/lifting of elbow is not A) Problems with the hoist A) refer to “Chain Hoist For Elbow”
possible
Moving of elbow is not possible A) Problems with the hoist A) refer to “Chain Hoist For Elbow”
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 137
Training Contents
From Ore / Scrap To VD – Plant
Plant Overview / Plant Layout
Metallurgy
March Of Steel Temperature
Special Risks / Hazards & Countermeasures
Steam Ejector Vacuum Pump
Suction Line System
Condenser
Waste Gas Measurement
Vacuum Vessel
Vacuum Cover
Water Cooled Ladle Cover
Vacuum Alloying Hopper
Cover Lifting and Travelling Device
Ladle Stirring Equipment / Furnace Camera
Hydraulic System
Temperature And Sampling Lance
PIPING : Valves, Fittings, Hoses, Etc.
Field Instruments
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 138
69
70. 05.01.2010
Condenser
Failure / Malfunction / Maintenance
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 139
Training Contents
From Ore / Scrap To VD – Plant
Plant Overview / Plant Layout
Metallurgy
March Of Steel Temperature
Special Risks / Hazards & Countermeasures
Steam Ejector Vacuum Pump
Suction Line System
Condenser
Waste Gas Measurement
Vacuum Vessel
Vacuum Cover
Water Cooled Ladle Cover
Vacuum Alloying Hopper
Cover Lifting and Travelling Device
Ladle Stirring Equipment / Furnace Camera
Hydraulic System
Temperature And Sampling Lance
PIPING : Valves, Fittings, Hoses, Etc.
Field Instruments
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 140
70
71. 05.01.2010
Waste Gas Measurement
Failure / Malfunction / Maintenance
Cabinet of Waste Gas Analyser
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 141
Waste Gas Measurement
Failure / Malfunction / Maintenance
Waste gas composition – VD process
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 142
71
72. 05.01.2010
Waste Gas Measurement
Failure / Malfunction / Maintenance
Waste gas composition – VD/VCD process
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 143
Training Contents
From Ore / Scrap To VD – Plant
Plant Overview / Plant Layout
Metallurgy
March Of Steel Temperature
Special Risks / Hazards & Countermeasures
Steam Ejector Vacuum Pump
Suction Line System
Condenser
Waste Gas Measurement
Vacuum Vessel
Vacuum Cover
Water Cooled Ladle Cover
Vacuum Alloying Hopper
Cover Lifting and Travelling Device
Ladle Stirring Equipment / Furnace Camera
Hydraulic System
Temperature And Sampling Lance
PIPING : Valves, Fittings, Hoses, Etc.
Field Instruments
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 144
72
73. 05.01.2010
Vacuum Vessel
Failure / Malfunction / Maintenance
Clean vessel inside depending on
accumulated slag and dust inside !
Minimum once per week.
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 145
Vacuum Vessel
Failure / Malfunction / Maintenance
Failure / malfunction Reason Countermeasures
Vacuum cannot be established Leakage at the sealing ring Clean the sealing flange or exchange the sealing
Stirring system does not work a) Damage to the hoses a) Exchange the hoses
b) Damage to the quick couplings b) Exchange the quick coupling
c) Porous plugs are stuck c) See “Ladle stirring equipment”
d) Malfunction at the argon/nitrogen valve d) See “Valves/Argon Rack/Nitrogen Rack”
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 146
73
74. 05.01.2010
Vacuum Vessel
Failure / Malfunction / Maintenance
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 147
Vacuum Vessel
Failure / Malfunction / Maintenance
Equipment that needs Once per
Daily Weekly Monthly Yearly
maintenance; cleansing half-year
Sealing Flange X
Sealing Ring X
Water Cooled Channel X
Ladle Support X
Thermocouples X
Bolts X
Refractory X
Argon hoses/quick coupling/ pipework X
Vessel X
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 148
74
75. 05.01.2010
Vacuum Vessel
Failure / Malfunction / Maintenance
Check :
wiring, screws, for damage
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 149
Training Contents
From Ore / Scrap To VD – Plant
Plant Overview / Plant Layout
Metallurgy
March Of Steel Temperature
Special Risks / Hazards & Countermeasures
Steam Ejector Vacuum Pump
Suction Line System
Condenser
Waste Gas Measurement
Vacuum Vessel
Vacuum Cover
Water Cooled Ladle Cover
Vacuum Alloying Hopper
Cover Lifting and Travelling Device
Ladle Stirring Equipment / Furnace Camera
Hydraulic System
Temperature And Sampling Lance
PIPING : Valves, Fittings, Hoses, Etc.
Field Instruments
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 150
75
76. 05.01.2010
Vacuum Cover
Failure / Malfunction / Maintenance
The cover requires refractory
lining with monolithic castable
installation.
The refractory lining can be
repaired by warm or hot spraying
also in operating state. The binders
must be composed such that the
material.
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 151
Vacuum Cover
Failure / Malfunction / Maintenance
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 152
76
77. 05.01.2010
Vacuum Cover
Failure / Malfunction / Maintenance
Equipment that needs Once per
Daily Weekly Monthly Yearly
maintenance half-year
leaning the cover, sweep off X
Checking the cooling water
X
channels for leakage
Checking the cover sealing for
X X
leakage
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 153
Vacuum Cover
Failure / Malfunction / Maintenance
Failure / malfunction Reason Countermeasures
Cover cannot be raised/lowered A) Problems with hydraulic lifting A) Refer to “Hydraulic System A)”
equipment
B) Refer to “Hydraulic System C)”
B) Cover and ladle stick together
due to slag and steel splashes
C) Flood cover by air
C) Cover still under vacuum
(pressure < 950 mbar)
Cooling water not available A) Fittings do not respond A) Refer to “Piping: Valves, Fittings, Hoses, etc.“
B) Water supply interrupted B) Look for problem in water supply
Vacuum cannot be established A) Glasses of sight glass device A) Replace immediately,
damaged Refer to Annex “Glasses for Sight Glass Device”
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 154
77
78. 05.01.2010
Training Contents
From Ore / Scrap To VD – Plant
Plant Overview / Plant Layout
Metallurgy
March Of Steel Temperature
Special Risks / Hazards & Countermeasures
Steam Ejector Vacuum Pump
Suction Line System
Condenser
Waste Gas Measurement
Vacuum Vessel
Vacuum Cover
Water Cooled Ladle Cover
Vacuum Alloying Hopper
Cover Lifting and Travelling Device
Ladle Stirring Equipment / Furnace Camera
Hydraulic System
Temperature And Sampling Lance
PIPING : Valves, Fittings, Hoses, Etc.
Field Instruments
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 155
Water Cooled Ladle Cover
Failure / Malfunction / Maintenance
Cover
Water cooled
ladle cover
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 156
78
79. 05.01.2010
Water Cooled Ladle Cover
Failure / Malfunction / Maintenance
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 157
Water Cooled Ladle Cover
Failure / Malfunction / Maintenance
Equipment that needs Once per
Daily Weekly Monthly Yearly
maintenance half-year
Search leak
X
Remove deposits (slag, dust,
etc.) from top of inner shieldings X X
Check hoses for leakage and
damage X
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 158
79
80. 05.01.2010
Water Cooled Ladle Cover
Failure / Malfunction / Maintenance
Behandlungsverlauf Behandlungsverlauf
[min] [min]
March Of Temperature
50,00 50,00
During Treatment
40,00 40,00
outlet temperature
30,00 30,00
Temperatur °C
Temperatur °C
Ausgangstemperatur Ausgangstemperatur
[°C] [°C]
T T (inlet temp. = 17 °C)
20,00 20,00
10,00 10,00
T
0,00 0,00
10:59:33
11:03:44
11:09:45
11:13:26
11:22:28
11:34:11
11:39:52
11:51:34
10:14:16
10:18:26
10:24:28
10:27:38
10:30:29
10:47:52
11:01:15
11:09:27
Zeit in Minuten Ze it in Minuten
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 159
Water Cooled Ladle Cover
Failure / Malfunction / Maintenance
Water cooled ladle cover
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 160
80
81. 05.01.2010
Water Cooled Ladle Cover
Failure / Malfunction / Maintenance
Failure / malfunction Reason Countermeasures
Loss of pressure Leakage - Break off the process
- Replace water cooled
ladle cover and repair
No cooling water flowing A) Fittings do not respond A) Refer to “Valves/Argon-Nitrogen Rack“
B) Water supply interrupted B) Look for problem in water supply
Water temperature too high A) Flow of water too low A) Look for problem in water supply
(water too hot)
B) Water supply interrupted B) Check if fittings are opened
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 161
Water Cooled Ladle Cover
Alternative: Partially Refractory Lined Ladle Cover
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 162
81
82. 05.01.2010
Training Contents
From Ore / Scrap To VD – Plant
Plant Overview / Plant Layout
Metallurgy
March Of Steel Temperature
Special Risks / Hazards & Countermeasures
Steam Ejector Vacuum Pump
Suction Line System
Condenser
Waste Gas Measurement
Vacuum Vessel
Vacuum Cover
Water Cooled Ladle Cover
Vacuum Alloying Hopper
Cover Lifting and Travelling Device
Ladle Stirring Equipment / Furnace Camera
Hydraulic System
Temperature And Sampling Lance
PIPING : Valves, Fittings, Hoses, Etc.
Field Instruments
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 163
Vacuum Alloying Hopper
Failure / Malfunction / Maintenance
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 164
82
83. 05.01.2010
Vacuum Alloying Hopper
Failure / Malfunction / Maintenance
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 165
Vacuum Alloying Hopper
Failure / Malfunction
Failure / malfunction Reason Countermeasures
Hoppers cannot be loaded Problems with alloying equipment Look for problem in alloying equipment
Hoppers cannot be unloaded A) Compressed air supply to pneumatic A) Make sure compressed air is provided to
cylinders interrupted pneumatic cylinders
B) Pneumatic cylinders faulty B) Replace cylinders
Hoppers cannot be evacuated A) Fittings leaky A) Refer to “Valves/Argon-Nitrogen Rack“
B) Leakage B) Search leak
Hoppers cannot be flooded A) Compressed air supply to valves A) Make sure compressed air is provided to
interrupted pneumatic cylinders
B) valves faulty B) Replace valves
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 166
83
84. 05.01.2010
Vacuum Alloying Hopper
Maintenance
Equipment that needs Once per
Daily Weekly Monthly Yearly
maintenance half-year
Search leak X
Replace sealing of shut off device X
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 167
Training Contents
From Ore / Scrap To VD – Plant
Plant Overview / Plant Layout
Metallurgy
March Of Steel Temperature
Special Risks / Hazards & Countermeasures
Steam Ejector Vacuum Pump
Suction Line System
Condenser
Waste Gas Measurement
Vacuum Vessel
Vacuum Cover
Water Cooled Ladle Cover
Vacuum Alloying Hopper
Cover Lifting and Travelling Device
Ladle Stirring Equipment / Furnace Camera
Hydraulic System
Temperature And Sampling Lance
PIPING : Valves, Fittings, Hoses, Etc.
Field Instruments
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 168
84
85. 05.01.2010
Cover Lifting and Travelling Device
Failure / Malfunction / Maintenance
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 169
Cover Lifting and Travelling Device
Failure / Malfunction / Maintenance
Failure / malfunction Reason Countermeasures
Cover travelling device A) Limit switches are not made A) Check limit switches
cannot be moved Interlock is not released => replace/repair
B) Problems with the geared brake B) Refer to Annex 11.1.4 A
motors
Car overruns the halts A) limit switch out of order A) check limit switches
=>
repair/exchange them
B) braking torque not sufficient B) Refer to Annex 11.1.4 A
Equipment that needs Once per
Daily Weekly Monthly Yearly
maintenance half-year
Check the tread of the wheels for
X
wear
Check the rails for abrasion and
X
wear
Check the rail mounting X
Lubricate bearings of the wheel X
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 170
85
86. 05.01.2010
Cover Lifting and Travelling Device
Lubrication
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 171
Training Contents
From Ore / Scrap To VD – Plant
Plant Overview / Plant Layout
Metallurgy
March Of Steel Temperature
Special Risks / Hazards & Countermeasures
Steam Ejector Vacuum Pump
Suction Line System
Condenser
Waste Gas Measurement
Vacuum Vessel
Vacuum Cover
Water Cooled Ladle Cover
Vacuum Alloying Hopper
Cover Lifting and Travelling Device
Ladle Stirring Equipment / Furnace Camera
Hydraulic System
Temperature And Sampling Lance
PIPING : Valves, Fittings, Hoses, Etc.
Field Instruments
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 172
86
87. 05.01.2010
Ladle Stirring Equipment / Furnace Camera
Mechanism Of Degassing Of Dissolved Gases
Mechanism Of Degassing Of Dissolved Gases
The following mechanism can be mentioned:
• heterogeneous nucleation; gas bubbles arise at solid
interfacials; for instance at the refractory material
(negligible for the steel making process)
• homogeneous nucleation; gas bubbles arise in the
liquid steel (negligible for the steel making process)
• degassing via circulation gas
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 173
Ladle Stirring Equipment / Furnace Camera
Mechanism Of Degassing Of Dissolved Gases
Mass transfer inside liquid steel can be influenced by the pressure above
the melting charge, ratio of surface/volume and time.
Prolongation of treatment time causes a higher temperature loss by heat
radiation and heat conduction. Thus creating higher costs resulting from
the measurements to compensate the temperature loss (for instance
aluminothermic heating).
=> Depending on the final pressure inside the vacuum vessel the major
interest is focused on a high ratio of specific surface/volume and
creating at the same time an intensive bath circulation in order to
achieve a high number of mass-transfer coefficient.
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 174
87
88. 05.01.2010
Ladle Stirring Equipment / Furnace Camera
Mechanism Of Degassing Of Dissolved Gases
An enlargement of the degassing surface is created by boiling. This
boiling comes from CO origination and by flushing with argon/nitrogen
bubbling.
The degassing surface consist of the accumulation of the bath surface
and the surface of all gas bubbles.
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 175
Ladle Stirring Equipment / Furnace Camera
Types Of Ladle Stirring Plugs
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 176
88
89. 05.01.2010
Ladle Stirring Equipment / Furnace Camera
Argon / Nitrogen Valve Rack
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 177
Ladle Stirring Equipment / Furnace Camera
Argon / Nitrogen Valve Rack
Argon/Nitrogen Valve Racks
• Operated Via LEVEL 1 / HMI
HMI = Human Being – Machine - Interface
MMI = Man – Machine - Interface
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 178
89
90. 05.01.2010
Ladle Stirring Equipment / Furnace Camera
Quick Coupling And Corrugated Hose
Alternative quick coupling
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 179
Ladle Stirring Equipment / Furnace Camera
Failure / Malfunction
Failure / malfunction Reason Countermeasures
Flushing does not work on all 1. Hose/coupling leaky 1. Replace hose/coupling
plugs
2. Ladle flushing plug obstructed 2. Flush plug by higher pressure (by-pass)
Plug cannot be flushed open 1. Infiltration of metal bath a) 2 flushing plugs still working:
Process can be continued
b) only 1 flushing plug is working;
abort process
Valves do not close/open 1. Control air not available 1. make control air available
2. Energy supply interrupted 2. make energy supply available
3. Others 3. we refer to “Valves/Argon/Nitrogen Rack”
Quick coupling cannot be 1. Coupling damaged 1. exchange coupling
opened/closed
2. Coupling gripes 2. we refer to “Vacuum Vessel Equipment
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 180
90
91. 05.01.2010
Ladle Stirring Equipment / Furnace Camera
Maintenance
Equipment that needs Once per
Daily Weekly Monthly Yearly
maintenance half-year
Check for leakage X
Check paint for damage X
Check screwed connections for
tightness and presence of safety X
screws
Check hoses / quick couplings X
Check functionality of valves X
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 181
Ladle Stirring Equipment / Furnace Camera
Stirring Observation Device
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 182
91
92. 05.01.2010
Ladle Stirring Equipment / Furnace Camera
Stirring Observation Device
Sight Glass Device
Smoke: disappears at a pressure < 80 mbar
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 183
Training Contents
From Ore / Scrap To VD – Plant
Plant Overview / Plant Layout
Metallurgy
March Of Steel Temperature
Special Risks / Hazards & Countermeasures
Steam Ejector Vacuum Pump
Suction Line System
Condenser
Waste Gas Measurement
Vacuum Vessel
Vacuum Cover
Water Cooled Ladle Cover
Vacuum Alloying Hopper
Cover Lifting and Travelling Device
Ladle Stirring Equipment / Furnace Camera
Hydraulic System
Temperature And Sampling Lance
PIPING : Valves, Fittings, Hoses, Etc.
Field Instruments
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 184
92
93. 05.01.2010
Hydraulic System
Hydraulic System For Cover Lifting And Travelling Moving
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 185
Training Contents
From Ore / Scrap To VD – Plant
Plant Overview / Plant Layout
Metallurgy
March Of Steel Temperature
Special Risks / Hazards & Countermeasures
Steam Ejector Vacuum Pump
Suction Line System
Condenser
Waste Gas Measurement
Vacuum Vessel
Vacuum Cover
Water Cooled Ladle Cover
Vacuum Alloying Hopper
Cover Lifting and Travelling Device
Ladle Stirring Equipment / Furnace Camera
Hydraulic System
Temperature And Sampling Lance
PIPING : Valves, Fittings, Hoses, Etc.
Field Instruments
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 186
93
94. 05.01.2010
Temperature And Sampling Lance
T & S – Lance
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 187
Temperature And Sampling Lance
T & S – Lance
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 188
94
95. 05.01.2010
Temperature And Sampling Lance
T & S – Lance
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 189
Training Contents
From Ore / Scrap To VD – Plant
Plant Overview / Plant Layout
Metallurgy
March Of Steel Temperature
Special Risks / Hazards & Countermeasures
Steam Ejector Vacuum Pump
Suction Line System
Condenser
Waste Gas Measurement
Vacuum Vessel
Vacuum Cover
Water Cooled Ladle Cover
Vacuum Alloying Hopper
Cover Lifting and Travelling Device
Ladle Stirring Equipment / Furnace Camera
Hydraulic System
Temperature And Sampling Lance
PIPING : Valves, Fittings, Hoses, Etc.
Field Instruments
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 190
95
96. 05.01.2010
PIPING : Valves, Fittings, Hoses, Etc.
Standards, Special Valves, etc.
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 191
PIPING : Valves, Fittings, Hoses, Etc.
Standards, Special Valves, etc.
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 192
96
97. 05.01.2010
PIPING : Valves, Fittings, Hoses, Etc.
Standards, Special Valves, etc.
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 193
PIPING : Valves, Fittings, Hoses, Etc.
Standards, Special Valves, etc.
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 194
97
98. 05.01.2010
Training Contents
From Ore / Scrap To VD – Plant
Plant Overview / Plant Layout
Metallurgy
March Of Steel Temperature
Special Risks / Hazards & Countermeasures
Steam Ejector Vacuum Pump
Suction Line System
Condenser
Waste Gas Measurement
Vacuum Vessel
Vacuum Cover
Water Cooled Ladle Cover
Vacuum Alloying Hopper
Cover Lifting and Travelling Device
Ladle Stirring Equipment / Furnace Camera
Hydraulic System
Temperature And Sampling Lance
PIPING : Valves, Fittings, Hoses, Etc.
Field Instruments
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 195
Field Instruments
CVS MAKINA - VD CLASSROOM TRAINING 196
98