Far Off To Fresh Cow- Opportunities to Improve Transition PerformanceDAIReXNET
Dr. mike Overton presented this information for DAIReXENT on Monday, March 18, 2013. For more information, please see our archived webinars page at www.extension.org/pages/15830/archived-dairy-cattle-webinars.
Far Off To Fresh Cow- Opportunities to Improve Transition PerformanceDAIReXNET
Dr. mike Overton presented this information for DAIReXENT on Monday, March 18, 2013. For more information, please see our archived webinars page at www.extension.org/pages/15830/archived-dairy-cattle-webinars.
Feeding Dry Dairy Cows Lower Energy DietsDAIReXNET
Dr. Heather Dann presented this information for DAIReXNET. Learn about the importance of transition cow management, and how feeding lower-energy transition diets could benefit a herd. From monitoring intake to coordinating various diets, Dr. Dann offers insights into setting cows up for success in their next lactation. Available on YouTube at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ImX7bVlfdSo
Dr. Milo Wiltbank presented this for a DAIReXNET webinar on Wednesday, March 2, 2016. The full presentation recording can be found at http://bit.ly/1wb83YV.
Formulating Diets for Groups of Lactating CowsDAIReXNET
Dr. Bill Weiss of The Ohio State University presented this material for DAIReXNET on February 26, 2015. For the full presentation, please visit our archives at http://www.extension.org/pages/15830/archived-dairy-cattle-webinars
This presentation on mineral and vitamin nutrition (in sheep and goats) was part of a six part webinar series. It was presented by Dr. Dan Morrical from Iowa State University.
Importance of Vitamins and Minerals for Dairy Cattle. The article written by Mr. Rakesh Kumar, Marketing Director, Growel Agrovet Private Limited, has been published in Dairy Planner magazine, March – 2021 edition.
We are a strong India based Animal health care company established in year 1999 and well known for innovative and quality products. Our capabilities include manufacturing nutritional supplements in dosage forms like gels, powders, drenches and suspensions. Our product range include vitamins, minerals, direct fed microbials, enzyme blends, immune-globulins, amino acids and electrolytes with packaging options ranging from few ounces to 30lts. We make products for dairy, beef, sheep, goats, poultry, horses, dogs and cats.
Our quality system is ISO:9001:2008 certified and followed strict cGMP.
I encourage you to visit our website at www.vetcoindia.com and learn more about our company and products.
Feeding Dry Dairy Cows Lower Energy DietsDAIReXNET
Dr. Heather Dann presented this information for DAIReXNET. Learn about the importance of transition cow management, and how feeding lower-energy transition diets could benefit a herd. From monitoring intake to coordinating various diets, Dr. Dann offers insights into setting cows up for success in their next lactation. Available on YouTube at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ImX7bVlfdSo
Dr. Milo Wiltbank presented this for a DAIReXNET webinar on Wednesday, March 2, 2016. The full presentation recording can be found at http://bit.ly/1wb83YV.
Formulating Diets for Groups of Lactating CowsDAIReXNET
Dr. Bill Weiss of The Ohio State University presented this material for DAIReXNET on February 26, 2015. For the full presentation, please visit our archives at http://www.extension.org/pages/15830/archived-dairy-cattle-webinars
This presentation on mineral and vitamin nutrition (in sheep and goats) was part of a six part webinar series. It was presented by Dr. Dan Morrical from Iowa State University.
Importance of Vitamins and Minerals for Dairy Cattle. The article written by Mr. Rakesh Kumar, Marketing Director, Growel Agrovet Private Limited, has been published in Dairy Planner magazine, March – 2021 edition.
We are a strong India based Animal health care company established in year 1999 and well known for innovative and quality products. Our capabilities include manufacturing nutritional supplements in dosage forms like gels, powders, drenches and suspensions. Our product range include vitamins, minerals, direct fed microbials, enzyme blends, immune-globulins, amino acids and electrolytes with packaging options ranging from few ounces to 30lts. We make products for dairy, beef, sheep, goats, poultry, horses, dogs and cats.
Our quality system is ISO:9001:2008 certified and followed strict cGMP.
I encourage you to visit our website at www.vetcoindia.com and learn more about our company and products.
Animal Care Clinic provides veterinary care for pet animals,veterinary vaccines,having veterinary surgeons for pet animals emergency care.Animal health is main criteria for animal doctors at animal care clinic
Induced Lactation in Non pregnant Cows: Profitability and Response to Bovine ...Faisal A. Alshamiry
Significant culling of high-producing cows with low fertility reduces profitability of dairy farms as those cows are replaced with heifers.
Induced lactation of non pregnant cows may be a management alternative to increase profits.
Adding replacement heifers to the milking string is one of the largest costsof dairy farming.
There is potential to increase income by reducing the number of heifers raised or by selling excess heifers.
An improved method to induce non pregnant cows into lactation could return to production valuable healthy cows that would otherwise be culled and at the same time decrease the need for replacement heifers.
nutrient requirement of dogs
vegetable diet of dogs
non veg diet for dogs
care and management of dogs
dogs Calculation of Energy requirements in Dogs
Dog protein requirement depends on stage of life and activity of dogs.
Puppies need more protein than adult dogs.
Protein needs of a puppy can be met by a high quality protein providing 20 to 25% of dietary calories.
Severe protein deficiency in dogs results in poor food intake, growth retardation or weight loss, muscle wasting, emaciation & death.
Less severe deficiency, causes a rough & dull hair coat, compromised immune system & poor milk production in reproducing bitches.
During periods of stress, the protein requirement may be increased.
If diets containing more protein than required, extra protein metabolized & used for energy.
COMMON FEEDSTUFF USED FOR DOGS
Meat and meat by-products
Raw lean meat: Contain water 70-67%, protein 20-22% & fat 2-9%, it is also a good source of minerals.
Offal meat: Include liver, kidney and spleen, meat but nutrient content is variable, low in calcium, adverse Ca:P ratio (1:15 to 1:30) however, liver is a good source of Vitamin A, D & B Complex with good quality protein.
Fish: fish has 5-18% fat & has good quality protein, high iodine content & better Ca:P ratio.
Green leafy vegetables: Like Cabbage, cauliflower have high water and
fibre content, are good source of B vitamin, however cooking destroys it.
Roots and tubers: Includes potatoes, carrots, turnip, tapioca, rich in starch and can be cooked and fed.
Leguminous vegetables: Rich in protein, good source of B complex vitamin but anti nutritional factors like Trypsin inhibitors, Heamagglutinin are present in some of them but are destroyed by heat treatment.
Dry foods (biscuits, mixtures & meal or flakes) are available for different physiological status.
May be complete food or complementary food, formulated as mixers intended for feeding as part of the diet with protein rich foods such as fish meats, fish.
They are generally rich in carbohydrates.
Crude fat content is 5-10% on dry basis.
Mixtures are generally cereal based with very little protein concentrates may or may not be supplemented with minerals / vitamins.
Have long shelf- life provided properly stored.
The concentration of nutrients is high and feed intake is less.
Digestibility is acceptable but less than semi-moist or canned foods.
The main disadvantage of the dry food is that they are much less palatable than moist foods.
Cats may accept extruded biscuit forms but not meals or flakes.
Feeding of companion animals with commercial foods are not popular for economic reasons in developing countries.
Pets are fed with home made foods or left overs of food consumed in a family.
So, essential to ensure that the dietary nutrient requirements are met through such feeding practice.
Judicious inclusion of supplemental nutrients, deficit in the home made or
left over food can over come nutritional deficiency disorders & support healthier.
Nutritioal requirements of sheep and goat.pptxHoney904413
The PowerPoint presentation on the nutritional requirements of sheep and goats in India provides a detailed analysis of the dietary needs of these animals, emphasizing the significance of proper nutrition for their growth, reproduction, and overall health. It discusses essential nutrients such as proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals, outlining their roles in the animals' physiological processes. The presentation also delves into traditional feeding practices in India and highlights the importance of balanced diets and access to clean water. Furthermore, it addresses seasonal variations in feed availability and suggests strategies for adjusting diets accordingly. By identifying common nutritional deficiencies and health issues faced by sheep and goats, the presentation offers solutions to improve feeding practices and ensure the well-being of these animals, thereby enhancing their productivity and performance in Indian farming systems.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
Role of ration in management of bovine fertility
1. Role of ration in management of
bovine fertility
Dr. K. B. Prajapati
Research Scientist (LPM)
Livestock Research Station
S.D.A.U., Sardarkrushinagar
Created by Dr. Nikhil Joshi
2. Adequate
nutrition
Reproductive
system
Fertility
• A very low protein diet: cessation of oestrous.
(Agrawal et al. 2003)
1
Nutrition and Reproduction
• Under feeding
• Over feeding
• Protein and vitamin deficiency
• Imbalance of trace elements
Reproductive
abnormalities
• A poor body
condition score at
calving
Fertility
Increased post-partum interval
Reduced conception rate
More no. of services per conception
3. Nutrients essential for production and reproduction
Polysaccharides
(Starch, cellulose, dextrin,
hemicellulose, gum etc.)
Metabolic path and microbial digestion in ruminants
Production of volatile fatty acids-acetic propionic, butyric etc...
Main source of energy for ruminants
Influence the productive and reproductive performance of
the animals.
2
4. • The essential fatty acids are must in the diet for optimum animal
performance. Most of the fatty acids are synthesized in animal body
through carbohydrates. However, Linoleic and Linolenic acids are not
synthesized and need to be supplied through diets. In the animal body,
fat is one of the way in which energy is stored during unproductive or
low producing period.
• The proteins are required for basic physiologically processes like,
production and reproduction.
• The amino acids, the basic unit for building up all cells and
tissues for growth, stored in animal body and hence a continuous
supply of its necessary.
• The minerals are associated with a number of enzyme systems
and are involved in the maintenance of osmotic relationship, acid base
equilibrium and essential for irritability of muscles and nerves.
Minerals are needed for bones, teeth, muscles, skin, hair and other
tissues. Minerals are vitals for growth, milk production and
reproduction
3
5. • Protein deficiency: Late maturity, embryonic death, low
pregnancy rate, low libido.
• Mineral deficiency: Excess of essential mineral have a
direct detrimental or toxic effect.
Fluorine, selenium, molybdenum and copper, the essential
minerals become toxic when taken in excess.
Deficiency of calcium and phosphorous: Retardation of
growth, loss of appetite and derange reproduction.
Deficiency of the phosphorous: Pica and uterine atony.
Iron, copper and cobalt's associated with many vital body
functions. Copper is associated with reproductive efficiency.
Apparently normal animal may not come to heat or settle.
4
6. Zinc is needed in minute quantity for growth, reproductive
and proper development of skin and hair growth. Improper
development of gonads and deformity in spermatozoa might be
due to zinc deficiency.
Iodine deficiency led to abortion, defective, weak or dead
calf birth, loss of weight and anoestrous condition to animal.
Manganese deficiency also led to abortion, weak symptoms
of oestrous, deformed calf birth etc in domestic animals.
Selenium is required for formation of glutathion peroxidase
enzyme. Deficiency of selenium leads to reduced fertility,
retention of placenta and muscular diseases in livestock.
5
Conti…Slide.4
7. Deficiency of vitamins and their effects on reproduction
Normally all the vitamins (except 'A') synthesized in the rumen.
Sufficient vitamins can be available through natural grasses.
Vitamin A, E and D
(reproduction of dairy animals)
Vit. A deficiency
• Late maturity,
• Late conception,
• Abortion,
• Fetal deformities,
• Retained placenta,
• Uterine infection,
• Reduction in libido
Vit. D deficiency
• absorption of
cal. and phos.,
• Silent heat or
anoestrous
Vit. E &
Selenium deficiency
reproductive
functions of animals
6
8. 7
Essentials of ration for reproduction
Animal nutrition has intensive interrelationship with
animal reproduction and production efficiency. It is
impossible to target one particular element for problems in
reproduction and production.
Critical analysis of food and nutrients in feed stuff can
solve the problems. In animal, certain critical stages, e.g.
puberty, advanced pregnancy, service period should not suffer
from nutritional deficiency. In such a condition challenge
feeding should be followed.
• In balanced ration: sufficient and proportional quantity of
available energy, nitrogenous elements (proteins), vitamins,
minerals, dry matter, green and dry fodder for animals.
9. • Ration should be determined according to age, stage,
growth rate, parity, maintenance, production level.
• The ration should contains,
8
11 to 12 per cent nitrogenous substance for
microbial development in rumen.
The proportion of vitamin 'A' 50,000 I.U.
vitamin D 10,000 I.U. and vitamin E 13,000
I.U. should be maintained for reproduction.
The proportion of calcium and phosphorous
should be 2:1. Daily 200 gm calcium is
required for lactating animal.
Conti…Slide.7
10. 9
Ration for reproduction and fertility of livestock
Voluntary DMI per 100 kg body weight has been observed to
range from 2.27 to 2.65 kg in growing buffalo heifers.
(Pathak and Verma, 1993 and Kumar and Garg, 1995 & 1999)
Properly fed buffalo heifers may conceive at about 24
months of age and 350-400 kg body weight.
(Mudgal 1979)
The nutritional requirements of the pregnant buffalo heifers
are somewhat higher than adult buffaloes. Additional feeding is
generally not required during first stage of gestation period, which
increases to become about 50% higher than maintenance requirement
during terminal trimester of pregnancy. DMI in lactating buffaloes
has been found to range from 2 to 3.11 kg per 100 kg body weight.
(Garg and Kumar 1994 and Sarvar et. al. 1999)
11. Feeding of heifers
An average 450-500 g/day gain in line-weight may be
considered optimum for Indian buffalo heifers. A 51.89/w0.75
kg DM for maintenance and 2.13 g/g gain DM is required for
100 kg growing buffalo. TDN requirements for maintenance
and growth are 47.0 g/w0.75 kg and 0.78 g/g gain respectively.
Similarly CP and DCP requirement for maintenance and gain
are 7.64 g / w0.75 kg and 5.05 g / w0.75 kg and 44g / g gain and
0.27 g / g gain respectively. NRC (1988) recommended 3.2 kg
DM, 1.88 kg TDN and 4229 protein for 100 kg heifer
growing at the rate of 500 g / day.
10
12. Feeding of lactating buffaloes
A buffalo of 500 kg body weight-producing 10 litres of milk having 7
% fat will require 10.50 kg DM, 8.3 kg TDN and 0.93 kg DCP. This
requirement can be fulfilled through different combination of feed and fodders
like wheat straw + concentrate mixture, green fodder + wheat straw +
concentrate mixture for example 20.00 kg green oat + 5 kg wheat straw + 4 kg
concentrate mixture (15% DCP, 73% TDN) will meet out above requirements.
If lactating animal is in advanced stage of pregnancy than 140 g DCP
and 700 g TDN is also required as pregnancy allowance (Udaybir et al. 2003).
The protein requirement in pregnancy is more than that of energy requirements.
Normally 50% DCP and 25% TDN of the maintenance are fed, above the
additional ration. These requirements are fulfilled by feeding an additional
quantity of 1 to 1.5 kg concentrate mixture (Udaybir et al. 2003). 11
13. Alfalta or legume forage based rations will provides more benefit
from supplementation with low degradable protein sources than from
silage based ration. Heat damage will lower crude protein degradability.
Adequate non-structural carbohydrates (starch and slogans) might be
available for efficient utilization of rumen degradable protein. Diets
containing 40% non-structural carbohydrates have shown to maximize
milk yield. It is possible to meet all the supplementary protein needs of
high producing cows through the use of high protein forages. When 60%
protein alfalta dry matter was fed with 20% maize silage dry matter, only
20% grain dry matter with no protein supplement added was needed to
support 305 days lactation of 7727 kg of milk.
Conti…Slide.11
12
14. Some feeding strategies (ration) for
optimum reproduction in daily animals
(i) Cow weight 309-440 kg, yield 6.33 to 13.8 kg milk daily.
DM intake/day 8.0 to 11.7 kg, DCP 700 to 772 gm., TDN 6.1 to 7.0
kg/day.
Metabolizable energy 95 MEMJ to 109 MEMJ. (Sampath et al. 1978)
(ii) Ad lib. fodder maize:
(iii)
13
Concentrate Mixture made of -
25% GNC
40% Maize
31 % Wheat
2 % mineral mixture
2 % common salt
If add lucerne hay (30 %)
than concentrate mixture -
9 % GNC
34% Maize
24 % Wheat
2 % mineral mixture
2 % common salt
15. (iv) Cow receiving concentrate mixture containing
19.8% protein feed responded to AI/service for better
fertility.
(v) Feeding optimum green (20 + 25 kg/day) with
concentrate @1 kg/3 kg milk would allow optimum
milk yield. Addition of Lucerne hay at 30% of ration
reduced cost of milk production from 30 to 50%.
(Sampath et al. 1978)
14
Conti…Slide.13
16. (vi) Ration for lactating cow.
The reduction in the quantity of green fed to cows lowered milk
production and cows recorded the negative Ca balance.
(vii) The cow producing 10.00 kg milk daily can be fed with 28 kg
green with 04 kg straw and 3.14 kg concentrate maintain the milk yield.
DCP level in concentrate should be 18%, rate 1 kg/3 kg milk yield. When
the dairy animal yields are over 15 liters, the concentrate mix may be
kept at 22% DCP and fed at 1 kg for energy 3.5 kg milk yield (Crossbred
cows).
Green Milk yield (kg) Concentrate (kg) Yield/lactation (kg)
20 kg 7.50 2.50 2311
10 kg 7.98 2.67 2459
2.5 kg 6.96 2.32 2145
Lucerne 15 kg 7.64 1.00 2352
No grass 7.04 2.35 2169
Conti…Slide.14
15
17. (viii)Feeding of low quality proteins will results in loss of
nitrogen as urea and poor utilization of the amino acids
for synthesis of body proteins, hormones, enzymes,
purine and so on. However, it is important to feed two or
more protein having poor or fair quality becomes good
quality when ingested together, as they can complement
each-other in meeting the needs of necessary amino
acids.
(ix) Feeding of leguminous tree leaves (Sesbania, drumstick,
leucaena, mulberry, sun hemp) at the rate of 2-3 kg as
crop residue or 6.8 kg green is advantages for fertility.
When leguminous component not in the ration, addition
of 15 gm slaked lime will be a good source of calcium.
Conti…Slide.15
16
18. (x) Varieties of oil cakes instead from single source help in
supplement of by pass protein to animals.
(xi) By products such as wheat bran, rice bran are rich source of
phosphorus should be added in considerable quantities in
concentrate mixture.
(xii) If maize/Jowar fodder is not fed to high yielders the grain
protein of concentrate to be increased from 10
percent to15-20 percent in the concentrate mixture.
(xiii) Mineral mixture supplement will have to be added at 2
percent for medium yielders and 2.5 percent for high
yielders. Salt may be incorporated at 2 % for medium
yielders and 3 % for high yielder in the concentrate
mixture. When green fodder are inadequate, vitamin-A
supplement is a must.
Conti…Slide.16
17
19. Requirements DM (kg) DCP (kg) TDN (kg) ME (M Cal)
(A) Pregnant heifer - 400 kg B.wt.
(i) Growth 12.0 0.42 4.6 16.7
(ii) For reproduction -- 0.24 2.4 08.7
Total 12.0 0.66 7.0 25.4
(B) Pregnant cow – 400 kg B.wt., 6 lit. milk/day with 4.5% fat,
3 months before calving
(i) Maintenance 12.5 0.30 3.45 12.50
(ii) Milk production -- 0.36 2.70 09.72
(iii) For reproduction -- 0.25 2.80 09.80
Total 12.5 0.91 8.95 32.02
18